RESUMO
Outlaw, JJ, Smith-Ryan, AE, Buckley, AL, Urbina, SL, Hayward, S, Wingfield, HL, Campbell, B, Foster, C, Taylor, LW, and Wilborn, CD. Effects of ß-alanine on body composition and performance measures in collegiate women. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2627-2637, 2016-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ß-alanine (BA) supplementation and resistance training on body composition and performance. In a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 16 untrained collegiate females (mean ± SD: 21.0 ± 2.2 years; 64.8 ± 8.5 kg; 164.5 ± 7.0 cm; 30.1 ± 5.1 percent body fat [%BF]) completed 8 weeks of resistance training while consuming either 3.4 g BA or placebo (PL; 5 g maltodextrin) before training sessions. Training consisted of 4 days per week upper- and lower-body exercises. Lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and %BF were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), aerobic time to exhaustion, Wingate peak power, bench press and leg press 1RM (BPmax; LPmax), and repetitions at 65% (BPreps; LPreps), vertical jump (VJ), and standing broad jump were assessed using standard National Strength and Conditioning Association guidelines. All measurements were taken at baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 8 weeks (T3). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine significance. Body composition (LBM, FM, and %BF) improved over time (p < 0.01) for both groups. Maximal strength and VJ increased significantly from baseline to T3 (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant interaction for LPreps (p = 0.040), with only BA group resulting in significantly greater LPreps (p = 0.041) at T2 and T3. Results from this study suggest that 8 weeks, 4 days per week progressive resistance training and BA supplementation may be effective for improving lower-body muscular endurance. ß-alanine had no additive effects on body composition or maximal strength in collegiate women.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fadiga Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido , beta-Alanina/farmacologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adolescente , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Precise regulation of synapses during development is essential to ensure accurate neural connectivity and function of nervous system. Many signaling pathways, including the mTOR (mechanical Target of Rapamycin) pathway operate in neurons to maintain genetically determined number of synapses during development. mTOR, a kinase, is shared between two functionally distinct multi-protein complexes- mTORC1 and mTORC2, that act downstream of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). We and others have suggested an important role for TSC in synapse development at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses. In addition, our data suggested that the regulation of the NMJ synapse numbers in Drosophila largely depends on signaling via mTORC2. In the present study, we further this observation by identifying Tricornered (Trc) kinase, a serine/threonine kinase as a likely mediator of TSC signaling. trc genetically interacts with Tsc2 to regulate the number of synapses. In addition, Tsc2 and trc mutants exhibit a dramatic reduction in synaptic levels of WASP, an important regulator of actin polymerization. We show that Trc regulates the WASP levels largely, by regulating the transcription of WASP. Finally, we show that overexpression of WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein) in trc mutants can suppress the increase in the number of synapses observed in trc mutants, suggesting that WASP regulates synapses downstream of Trc. Thus, our data provide a novel insight into how Trc may regulate the genetic program that controls the number of synapses during development.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Sinapses/genética , Proteína da Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/genética , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Epistasia Genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 2 de Rapamicina , Microscopia Confocal , Modelos Genéticos , Complexos Multiproteicos/genética , Complexos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Mutação , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Junção Neuromuscular/genética , Junção Neuromuscular/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Sinapses/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Proteína da Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich/metabolismoRESUMO
KnowMe is a patient created personal story of key life events both medical and non-medical that enables clinicians to understand what matters to the patient, not what's the matter with them. By shifting the Electronic Health Record (EHR) focus to knowing when a patient was at their best, what's important to them, their personal health goals, and care preferences, clinicians and patients can collaboratively work together in creating a treatment plan that aligns resources tailored to the their needs.
