Perfil de personalidad de hombres condenados por delitos violentos y delitos no violentos recluidos en el establecimiento penitenciario de mediana seguridad y carcelario de la ciudad de Cartagena / Personality profile of convictted men for violent and nonviolent offenses serving time in the in the medium security penal facility and prison of Catagena city

El presente artículo se deriva de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo describir las características de personalidad de hombres condenados por delitos violentos (homicidio – delitos sexuales) y delitos no violentos (tráfico de estupefacientes) recluidos en establecimiento penitenciario de la ciudad de Cartagena, a través de la aplicación del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon MCMI–III que evalúa trastornos de personalidad e indicadores clínicos en relación con las teorías del DSM (APA). Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental del tipo trasversal. En los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación de los sujetos condenados por el delito de homicidio se encontró predomino de personalidad narcisista, en los sujetos condenados por delitos sexuales se evidenció manipulación de respuestas y personalidad antisocial; en cuanto a los evaluados condenados por delito no violento, personalidad paranoide. En relación con los indicadores clínicos todos los evaluados presentaron ansiedad; la presencia de síntomas ansiosos podría estar relacionada con el ambiente penitenciario, pero no se encontró evidencia científica que apoyará o no este hecho. En los delitos violentos se encontró presencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en contraste con la ausencia de este indicador clínico en los evaluados condenados por tráfico de estupefacientes...

This article stems from an investigation aimed at describing the personality characteristics of men convicted for violent crimes (murder – sexual offenses) and non–violent offenses (drug trafficking) incarcerated in the city of Cartagena, using the Clinical Multiaxial Millon Inventory MCMI– III that evaluates personality disorders and clinical indicators in relation to theories of DSM (APA). A quantitative, descriptive, non–experimental type of transversal design was applied. The research results indicate a predominance of narcissistic personality traits in the subjects convicted for homicide, in individuals convicted for sexual offenses manipulation of responses and an antisocial personality became evident, whilst in subjects convicted for nonviolent crime, a paranoid personality became apparent. As regards the clinical indicators all the subjects researched manifested anxiety. The presence of anxiety symptoms may have been related to the prison environment, but no scientific evidence to support or not to support this fact was found. Violent crime appeared associated with the presence of psychoactive substances in contrast to the absence of this clinical indicator in the evaluated subjects convicted for drug trafficking...

Cloreto de benzalcônio como medicação tópica / Benzalkonium chloride as topical medication

Fontes dos dados: Revisão bibliográfica obtida pela busca nas bases de dados Cochrane, MEDLINE, BIREME, LILACS e SciELO nos últimos 20 anos, utilizando-se os termos: compostos de benzalcônio, mucosa nasal, toxicidade de drogas e rinite. Síntese dos dados: O cloreto de benzalcônio é um composto amônio quaternário que possui ação umectante e detergente, com propriedades emulsificadora e germicida. Os efeitos adversos sobre o organismo têm sido estudados há mais de duas décadas. Ratos tratados com cloreto de benzalcônio por mais de quatro semanas desenvolveram, a partir do sexto dia, hiperemia da região nasal e respiração ruidosa. Em biópsias de tecido nasal de indivíduos saudáveis submetidos ao cloreto de benzalcônio, verificou-se ação deletéria sobre os cílios da mucosa nasal. Outras alterações também foram observadas, como perda da continuidade celular nas amostras de epitélio nasal, defeitos na membrana nuclear, acúmulo de grânulos e perda de organelas. Conclusões: Diferentes efeitos deletérios do cloreto de benzalcônio sobre a mucosa nasal foram demonstrados in vivo e in vitro...

Data sources: Literature review obtained by Cochrane, MEDLINE, BIREME, LILACS and SciELO databases over the last 20 years, using the terms: benzalkonium chloride compounds, nasal mucosa, drug toxicity, and rhinitis. Data synthesis: Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound that has humectant and detergent actions, and emulsification and germicide properties. The adverse effects on the body have been studied for more than two decades. Mice treated with benzalkonium chloride by more than four weeks, from the sixth day, showed nasal hyperemia and a noisy breathing. In nasal tissue biopsies of healthy individuals treated with benzalkonium chloride a deleterious action on the nasal mucosa cilia was demonstrated. Also, other alterations have been observed: cell loss of continuity in nasal epithelium, nuclear membrane defects, granule accumulation and organelles loss. Conclusions: Different deleterious effects of benzalkonium chloride on the nasal mucosa have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. The toxicity was observed even in concentrations below found in commercial preparations and in use for short period of time. Benzalkonium chloride can cause morphological changes in mucous cilia transport; and in immune function possibly clinical implications that may bring injury in the patients...