Advantages and Challenges of Implementation and Strategies for Health Insurance in Saudi Arabia: A Systemic Review.

The Saudi Vision 2030 emphasizes the need for health insurance in terms of both economic growth and lowering government healthcare costs. Recently, the Saudi Ministry of Health has requested the private sector to contribute more to health spending through alternative financing and delivery systems, specifically health insurance. The main purpose of this review is to systematically review the benefits and issues of the implementation approach for health insurance in Saudi Arabia. Three electronic databases were used to conduct the systematic search for articles published in 2018 or after as this is a recent review of the last 5 years articles. Articles were considered if they matched the following criteria: Saudi articles concentrating on health insurance in Saudi Arabia, with a particular emphasis on issues, problems, barriers, and challenges related to insurance in Saudi Arabia. Of the many references identified in the initial search, 13 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The included studies clearly highlighted, explained the current financial methods of the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, and evaluated Cooperative Health Insurance's potential contribution to the healthcare system's success in achieving the Saudi Vision 2030 goals, as well as the benefits and disadvantages of health insurance. This review exemplifies the need for implementation of health insurance in Saudi Arabia to improve economic growth, and to improve efficiency and quality of care. Many of the issues were identified in this review could be addressed by a strong healthcare infrastructure. The Council of Cooperative Health Insurance and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency should keep monitoring medical services and collaborating toward enhancing Saudi Arabia's health insurance.

Implementation and Importance of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiac Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has progressed over the years from a basic monitoring procedure for a safe return to physical activity to a multidisciplinary strategy that emphasizes patient education, specifically for designed exercise training, risk factor management, and the general health of cardiac patients. METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting was used for this systematic review. The studies included were retrieved via an electronic search of Google Scholar and PubMed using the following terms: cardiac rehabilitation (CR), cardiac diseases, coronary artery bypass graft, heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, rehabilitation, recovery of function, cardiac rehabilitation importance, cardiac rehabilitation outcomes, physical therapy modalities, secondary prevention, physical medicine, and cardiac rehabilitation phases. RESULTS: Publications (n=24) that included worldwide standards demonstrating the implementation of CR programs in a variety of scenarios were reviewed. These publications are based on well-defined guidelines that represent best practices from several cardiology societies, which use varying valid programs by comparing those guidelines with CR/secondary prevention programs. CONCLUSION: Several indications have been used in the development of the CR program, with the goal of regaining autonomy and increasing physical, psychological, and social activities. With the Saudi Vision 2030 initiatives for health national transformation programs, there are targets set to ensure the reduction and prevention of noncommunicable diseases and to reduce cardiovascular disease risks by initiating an accredited CR program and guidelines for Saudi Arabia.

The Role of Laboratory Information System in Improving the Delivery of Laboratory Services: A Recent Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Recently, laboratory information systems (LIS) have become necessary for every laboratory to improve the decision-making process and achieve better treatment and diagnostic results. By standardizing laboratory's tests, procedures, and workflows, the software enables laboratories to improve patient care, reduce human error, and constructively lower operating costs. Implementing LIS has a multidimensional impact on improving the delivery of laboratory services. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to investigate how patient services can be improved by laboratory information system. METHODS: This paper is based on a review conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Saudi Digital Library and Research Gate for English language articles published from 2015 to 2021 and focused primarily on laboratory information systems. RESULTS: The literature searches yielded a total of 30 articles that were then initially screened based on the titles and abstracts. Seven articles were excluded because they did not primarily address LIMS for biosafety, automated verification of test results in the core clinical laboratory, clinical biochemistry, or the impact of health information technology on patient safety, or were not written in English. The remaining 23 articles were then screened in full text. CONCLUSION: Advanced laboratory information systems may eliminate diagnostic errors in the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases. In addition, they can incorporate genomic data at the analytical stage to generate useful reports for providers and patients.

Emotional Intelligence, Academic Motivation, and Achievement among Health Science Students in Saudi Arabia: A Self-Deterministic Approach.

PURPOSE: This study used a self-deterministic approach to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), academic motivation (AM), and achievement among health science students. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities of Saudi Arabia (Dammam, Riyadh, and Jeddah). A convenience sample of 450 students was incorporated using the multistage cluster sampling technique. The online survey contained three sections: students' basic data and academic achievement level, the modified Schutte self-report inventory, and the Academic Motivation Scale lowercase. RESULTS: This study revealed moderate overall scores for EI (57.1%), AM (55.6%), and grade point average (GPA) (57.6%). The overall EI score, its domains, and GPA had significant positive correlations with overall AM and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (p < .01). Amotivation had an insignificant correlation with GPA (p < .05), but it was negatively correlated with EI and its domains (p < .01). Multiple regression analysis proved that EI domains predicted 5.0% of GPA variance; emotions appraisal and expression (ß = .02, p = .024), regulation (ß = .11, p = .032), and utilization (ß = .24, p < .01). EI domains also predicted 26.0% of AM variance; emotions appraisal and expression (ß = .11, p = .04), regulation (ß = .33, p < .01), and utilization (ß = .23, p <.01). Moreover, AM predicted 4.0% of the variance in GPA; intrinsic (ß = .25, p = .004) and extrinsic (ß = .11, p = .022) motivation. AM also predicted 25.0% of the variance in EI: intrinsic (ß = .34, p < .01) and extrinsic motivation (ß = .26, p = .026). CONCLUSION: EI and AM have a bidirectional influence on each other, significantly shaping the GPA of health sciences students in Saudi Arabia, where intrinsic motivation has a predominant role. Thus, promoting students' AM and EI is recommended to foster their academic achievement.

The efficiency of high-flow nasal cannula for adult patients with coronavirus disease 19 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

CONTEXT: Early use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) provides positive outcomes for preventing the risk of intubation. However, the efficiency and usage of HFNC in the case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among adult patients with multiple risk factors remain debatable and require more investigation. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of HFNC in preventing the possible risk of intubation. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was an observational cross-sectional study that was conducted at a selected hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from July 2020 to August 2021. METHODS: The data were collected from patients' medical records through the hospital health information system. Adult COVID-19 patients who used HFNC were included, while those who used bilevel positive airway pressure or continuous positive airway pressure without any trials of HFNC and neonatal or pediatric patients were excluded. The exposure of HFNC setting which included variables such as percentages of the fraction of inspired oxygen and the duration of using HFNC were measured to find the relation with respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index as a measurement of patient outcome. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were analyzed by using the online calculator socscistatistics. com for prevalence statistics, and correlation tests of significance. Prevalence statistics were presented in mean, median, frequencies, and percentages. Statistical tests were used to measure correlations of key variables. P < 0.05 of ANOVA and t-tests was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 159 adult COVID-19 patients using HFNC were included, and most of these patients were male. The median age was 64 years. Most of patients were reported to have hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The majority (94.34%) of patients were successfully weaned from HFNC and shows effective intervention with a mean of 7.53 of ROX score. Appropriate implementation of HFNC might be a successful intervention for preventing the risk of intubation. CONCLUSIONS: According to the success rate of HFNC, which was considered a positive outcome, there might be a promising intervention for HFNC to prevent the risk of intubation and decrease the mortality rate.

Sleep deprivation and quality of life among uterine cancer survivors: systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: While cancer survival might be a relief from a near-death health condition, the after-recovery period also predisposes the survivors to deteriorated quality of life as well as sleep deprivation. Patients with cancer may experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) throughout the diagnostic process and even after diagnosis is completed, especially when facing the possibility of tumor recurrence. Survivors, in particular, are frequently in a condition of uncertainty due to the 15 to 20% chance of recurrence within 3 years of the main treatment. Despite the high rate of cancer survival, which is believed to be around 83%, assessing quality of life after a cancer diagnosis can help to improve such results. PURPOSE: This article aimed to describe the sleep patterns among uterine cancer survivors and verify psychological and physical factors affecting their general qualities of life. According to the qualitative study, uterine cancer survivors who receive treatment, whether pharmaceutical or therapeutic, have a higher quality of life than those who do not. METHOD: PRISMA reporting was used for this systematic review. Electronic databases that were searched include PubMed, Cochrane Trial Register, and ScienceDirect for studies evaluating the sleep deprivation and quality of life among uterine cancer survivors. Ten publications were chosen based on inclusion criteria that included uterine cancer survivors who had finished their treatments and addressed sleep quality or overall quality of life. RESULTS: The main finding of the systematic review is that 61% of uterine cancer survivors had poor sleep quality, and 81% have a decreased quality of life. CONCLUSION: According to the most recent research, uterine cancer survivors suffer from sleep deprivation, which leads to a lower quality of life. However, the same study reveals that uterine cancer survivors suffering with sleep loss use a variety of cognitive behavioral therapy to improve their quality of life. Maintaining a healthy diet, incorporating physical activity into daily routines, receiving cognitive behavior therapy, participating in relevant training programs, and obtaining frequent depression and sexual health screenings are just a few of the CBT mechanisms mentioned.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internship Activities at Health Organizations in Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to describe the impact of COVID-19 on internship activities at health organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study is a secondary analysis of data set that was collected from 101 health science interns from different health organizations. The majority of interns were trained or started their internships at public health organizations (64.29%), while 6.12% and 29.59% were at private and other health organizations, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most health organizations chose to continue the internships (76.53%), while others (23.47%) decided to suspend trainings. Health organizations have taken different actions to overcome the internship issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Early childhood caries and the impact of current u.s. Medicaid program: an overview.

Pediatric dental caries is the most common chronic disease among children. Above 40% of the U.S. children aged 2-11 years have dental caries; more than 50% of them come from low-income families. Under dental services of the Medicaid program, children enrolled in Medicaid must receive preventive dental services. However, only 1/5 of them utilize preventive dental services. The purpose of this overview is to measure the impact of Medicaid dental benefits on reducing oral health disparities among Medicaid-eligible children. This paper explains the importance of preventive dental care, children at high risk of dental caries, Medicaid dental benefits, utilization of dental preventive services by Medicaid-eligible children, dental utilization influencing factors, and outcome evaluation of Medicaid in preventing dental caries among children. In conclusion, despite the recent increase of children enrolled in Medicaid, utilizing preventive dental care is still a real challenge that faces Medicaid.