[Light pollution, desynchronosis and aging: the state of problem and solutions].

The effect of different light conditions (constant illumination, light deprivation, the standard regime of lighting and natural for Northwest Russia lighting in different seasons of the annual cycle) on indicators of biological age and homeostasis, the development of age-related pathology, oncogenesis and longevity of rats was investigated. Exposure to constant light on the studied parameters was evaluated at different ages--antenatal, early and late postnatal period. The data about influences of substances and hormones of pineal gland on biomarkers of aging, homeostasis, spontaneous oncogenesis and longevity in experimental animals was obtained. It has been established that the light pollution and disturbance of photoperiod lead to desynchronosys and as a result to premature aging of the organism and age associated diseases. Ways of preventing accelerated aging were outlined.

[Light-induced disruption of the circadian clock and risk of malignant tumors in laboratory animals: state of the problem].

There were obtained sufficient experimental evidence of the stimulating effect on the development of tumors (transplanted, spontaneous and induced by various carcinogenic agents), disorders of circadian function of the pineal gland (light-induced desynchronosis) caused by knockout or mutation of clock genes, pinealectomy, content in conditions of constant light or natural light regime of the North, as well as jetlag modeling in laboratory rodents. In experiments on various models of carcinogenesis it was found that sympathectomy (removal of the superior cervical ganglion), light deprivation, hibernation and application of melatonin, the natural hormone of the pineal gland, had an inhibitory effect on the development of transplanted, spontaneous and induced tumors of different histogenesis.

[Light pollution increases morbidity and mortality rate from different causes in male rats].

The influence of different light regimes (constant light--LL; constant darkness--DD; standard light regime--LD, 12 hours light 12 hours darkness; natural lightening of the North-West of Russia--NL) on the dynamics of life's morbidity rate, spontaneous tumorigenesis and frequency of some kinds of non-tumor pathology revealed at the post-mortem examination of male rats was studied. It was found out that the maintenance of animals at LL and NL conditions led to the increase of the number of infectious diseases, substantially faster development of spontaneous tumors and the increase of non-tumor diseases in comparison with the animals kept at LD (standard light) regime. Light deprivation (DD) led to substantial reduction of development of new growth, of non-tumor and infectious diseases in comparison with the similar parameters in standard light regime.

[Morbidity and mortality rate from tumors and other causes in female rats under different light regime].

The influence of different light regimes (constant light--LL; constant darkness--DD; standard light regime--LD, 12 hours light/12 hours darkness; natural lightening of the North-West of Russia--NL) on the dynamics of life's morbidity rate, spontaneous tumorigenesis and frequency of some kinds of non-tumor pathology revealed at the post-mortem examination of female rats was studied. It was found out that the maintenance of animals at LL and NL conditions led to the increase of the number of infectious diseases, substantially faster development of spontaneous tumors (2,9 and 3,3 diseases per one rat, respectively) and the increase of non-tumor diseases in comparison with the animals kept at LD (standard light) regime (1,72 diseases per one rat). Light deprivation (DD) led to substantial reduction of development of new growth, of non-tumor and infectious diseases (1,06 diseases per one rat) in comparison with the similar parameters in standard light regime.

Geroprotective effect of ala-glu-asp-gly peptide in male rats exposed to different illumination regimens.

Exposure of male rats to permanent or natural illumination of North-Western Russia accelerated their death in comparison with animals exposed to standard (12 h) light. Permanent illumination promoted the development of spontaneous tumors in comparison with the standard photoregimen. Injection of epithalone (synthetic Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide; subcutaneously 0.1 microg/rat 5 times a week from the age of 4 months until natural death) virtually did not change the mean lifespan of male rats, but was associated with a significant (p<0.05) normalization of population aging rate and hence, time of mortality rate doubling in groups exposed to natural or constant illumination. Epithalone injected to rats exposed to any photoregimen significantly inhibited the development of spontaneous tumors, primarily testicular leydigomas and leukemias.

[Effect of light regimens and melatonin on homeostasis, life span and spontaneous tumorigenesis in male rats].

The effect of various light regimens--standard, 12 hrs light:12 hrs darkness, natural lighting in the North-West of Russia and constant illumination--on homeostasis, life span and spontaneous tumorigenesis has been studied in male rats. It was shown that constant exposure or natural lighting involved accelerated aging as evaluated by coefficient of homeostatic stability and survival curves shifting to the left. Constant illumination was followed by a significantly faster spontaneous tumorigenesis as compared with standard lighting. Nocturnal administration of melatonin with drinking water (10 mg/l) prevented the adverse effects of constant and natural lighting on homeostasis and inhibited spontaneous tumorigenesis, particularly, that in the hemopoietic system.

[Lighting effect on spontaneous tumor development in female rats].

The investigation is concerned with effects of lighting--12hr light/12hr dark (standard), natural lighting in the Russian North-West, constant illumination and light deprivation--on life span and spontaneous tumor development in female LIO rats. Constant and North-West lighting involved premature aging, shorter mean (13.5 and 25%) and maximum life span (by 9 and 7 months, respectively) and a significant increase in spontaneous tumor development rate as compared with standard lighting. Light deprivation resulted in a longer maximum life span and significant (2.1 times) drop in tumor incidence.

[Effect of light regimens and melatonin on the homeostasis, life span and development of spontaneous tumors in female rats].

Effect of different light regimens (standard--12 hours of light/12 hours of darkness, natural lightning of the North-West of Russia and constant illumination) and melatonin on the homeostasis, life span parameters and spontaneous tumor development of female rats was studied. Animals at conditions of constant or natural light regimens revealed accelerated aging of organism, decrease of mean (by 13.5% and 25.5% accordingly) and the maximal life span (by 9 and 7 months, accordingly) and faster spontaneous tumor development as compared with the animals kept at the standard light regimen. Melatonin given in nocturnal drinking water (10 mg/l) prevented the adverse effect of the natural light regimen on the homeostasis, life span and tumor development. Melatonin also decreased spontaneous tumor development, first of all, mammary and uterine neoplasm, in the rats kept at the constant illumination.

Effect of Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide on life span and development of spontaneous tumors in female rats exposed to different illumination regimes.

The effects of Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide (Epithalon) on the life span and development of spontaneous tumors were studied in female rats exposed to standard, natural for North-Western Russia, and constant illumination. The mean life span of animals exposed to constant or natural illumination decreased by 13.5 and 25.5%, the maximum by 9 and 7 months, respectively, and spontaneous tumors developed much more rapidly than in animals living under conditions of the standard light regimen. Epithalon (0.1 microg daily 5 times a week from the age of 4 months) did not change the life span of rats living under conditions of standard day/night regimen, while in rats exposed to the natural and constant light it promoted prolongation of the maximum life span by 95 and 24 days, respectively. Epithalon prolonged the mean life span of the last 10% of rats exposed to natural and constant illumination, treated with Epithalon, by 137 and 43 days, respectively. This peptide exhibited virtually no effect on the development of spontaneous tumors in rats exposed to standard and constant illumination, but significantly inhibited their development in rats exposed to natural light.

[Morphometric characterization of intestinal metaplasia of the mucosa of the pyloric antrum section of the stomach in ulcer disease]. / Morfometricheskaia kharakteristika kishechnoi metaplazii slizistoi obolochki piloroantral'nogo otdela zheludka pri iazvennoi bolezni.

71 stomachs removed because of ulcer were examined. It was confirmed that atrophic changes and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach mucous membrane are more pronounced in the stomach ulcer than in duodenal ulcer. There were no significant quantitative differences in the state of glandular apparatus in the anterior wall and small curvature of the stomach. The mean content of the border enterocytes in stomach ulcer was 78.8%, duodenal ulcer-86.9%: goblet cells-15.3% and 9.9%, Panet cells-2.7 and 1.14%, respectively, enterochromaffin cells-3.2 and 2.06%, respectively.