What influences dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults? A scoping review.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the literature to evaluate dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. METHODS: A scoping review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses/PRISMA guidelines to identify articles from four electronic databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and AgeLine. Gray literature searches were also performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses-Health and Medicine. RESULTS: Eleven articles were assessed. The majority (72, 72%) were published between 2011 and 2020, evidencing various contexts of dental students, such as different countries and cultures, and levels of education. The most commonly used tool/instrument to survey dental students' attitudes was the Aging Semantic Differential Scale. Student age, race, and marital status did not seem to interfere with dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Dental students tend to have a positive attitude toward older people. In this context, female students, students who interact with older people, and clinical students have more positive attitudes than male and nonclinical students.

Tooth Loss Condition and Social Discrimination in Brazilian Healthcare Services.

Objective: To explore factors associated with social discrimination against users of health services regarding dental aesthetic conditions. Methods: Based on a Brazilian National Survey, multivariate Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to explore the association of outcome discrimination related to different motivations in health services and exposure to sociodemographic and dental variables. Effect modification by complete prosthesis wearing was assessed. Results: Among the 60,200 people interviewed, 11.5% reported being discriminated against in health services. For women, a higher prevalence of discrimination was found among those in the age group of 30-44 years. For both sexes, discrimination was associated with black and brown skin color. Regarding dental characteristics, the higher the tooth loss was, the higher the prevalence of discrimination; however, complete prosthesis wearing presented as a protective factor. Social discrimination was the major motivation for reported discrimination and presented higher prevalence in edentulous individuals who did not wear prosthesis. Conclusion: Dental loss may lead to self-reported discrimination in health care services. The prevalence of discrimination increases when tooth loss increases, and the major reason associated is social discrimination.

Death, dying, and bereavement in undergraduate dental education: A narrative review.

As the population ages, and bidirectional relationships between oral and general health become clearer, dentistry has to be prepared for the needs of older adults, including at end of life. Death does not only occur in geriatric populations however; death, dying and bereavement are issues that affect all patients and practitioners. Dental education is not preparing undergraduate students to meet clinical, spiritual, and psychosocial needs of patients and families requiring end-of-life care. Further, it does not prepare them for the emotional impact of death on their personal or professional lives. This review examines how death, dying, and bereavement could be integrated into undergraduate dental education. We conducted a narrative review using seven data bases, in English, up to 2018. We retrieved 159 papers, of which 36 were included and analysed thematically. The findings parse into two deductive and one inductive theme: 1. Supporting dental students experiencing death, dying, and bereavement; 2. Teaching death, dying and bereavement: curricula, content, and strategies; and 3. Fostering compassionate care in dental education. Health professions curricula are beginning to address how to support trainees experiencing death and dying in their personal lives and when working with patients and families. Dental education has been slow to adopt this trend. No robust studies addressing how best to educate and support learners and professionals were found. Future research should include an examination of what is currently included in training, and a study with educators and professionals to design how best to prepare learners in their training and practice.

Facility infrastructure of primary health services regarding tuberculosis control: a countrywide cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health problem in many countries, including Brazil. Primary health care (PHC) services are a set of important services with infrastructure and resources to diagnose, treat, and cure several diseases, including the TB. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyse aspects of the facility infrastructure of Brazilian PHC, regarding the control and treatment of TB from a countrywide perspective. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study based on PHC services. Data were collected from 38,812 health centres and were assessed by means of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality Primary Care. The outcome was obtained by the presence and availability of the following infrastructure items: air circulation in the consultation room, refrigerator, individual protective equipment, plastic jar for sputum examination, and TB notification form of the primary care information system. Poisson regression was used to calculate the prevalence ratio. FINDINGS: Of the 38,812 evaluated centres, only 1628 (4.2%) presented a positive result regarding the outcome. Primary health centres, among all types of centres, presented the highest quality of facility infrastructure for TB control. Centres with large workloads, as well as those that presented a list of offered services and a welcoming consulting room, also presented the highest quality infrastructure. The present study shows that major improvements should be made to the infrastructure to reach a satisfactory TB control in Brazil.

Avaliação de estrutura e processo na atenção em Diabetes mellitus / Evaluation of structure and process in care in Diabetes mellitus

Avaliar a atenção à saúde aos pacientes com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a partir dos recursos humanos, registros de profissionais e de atividades técnicas em um Centro de Saúde Escola. Metodologia: Estudo avaliativo quantitativo, descritivo por meio de observação e análise de 150 pacientes com DM em um Centro de Saúde Escola no interior paulista. Resultados: A estrutura física segue a maioria das exigências da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, os recursos materiais atendem as necessidades em relação às quantidades e qualidade. Em 145 (96.6%) prontuários haviam registros médicos oque aponta a organização do trabalho centrada no modelo biomédico. O registro das medidas antropométricas foi considerado baixo, sendo que em apenas 4 (2.6%) havia a medida da circunferência abdominal.Apenas 5 (3.3%) dos pacientes tiveram consulta com o enfermeiro. Essas consultas foram pontuais enfatizando orientações sobre uso dos medicamentos e aparentemente não se constitui em rotina no serviço. Conclusão: Considerou-se a estrutura do serviço como apropriada, no entanto o processo é um fator a ser revisto pela equipe de saúde...

Evaluate health care to patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2 by means of human resources, records of professional and technical activities in a School Health Center. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive evaluative study through observation and analysis of 150 patients with DM at a School Health Center in São Paulo. Results: The physical structure follows most of the requirements of the National Health Surveillance Agency; the material resources cater the needs in the quantities and quality. The medical records 145 (96.6%) indicates that work organization was focused on the biomedical model. The registration of anthropometric measures was considered low, and in only 4 (2.6%) hadthe measure of waist circumference. Only 5 (3.3%) patients had consultation with the nurse. These consultations were punctual and highlighting specific guidelines on use of medications and there seems to be not in the service routine. Conclusion: We considered the structure of the service as appropriatebut the process is a factor to be reviewed by the health team...

Determinantes da organização da atenção em diabetes mellitus mellitusna satisfação do usuário / Determinants of the organization of diabetes mellitus care in usersatisfaction

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os determinantes da satisfação do usuário com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) sobre o atendimento no ambulatório de especialidades de um Centro de Saúde Escola. O estudo transversal com abordagem qualitativa foi desenvolvido no ambulatório de especialidades com 20 usuários com diagnóstico de DM. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas por meio de um roteiro norteador. Utilizou-se software Atlas ti 7.0 para auxílio na codificação das falas e técnica de Análise de Conteúdo para análise dos dados. Como resultado, observou-se que os temas mais evidenciados estão relacionados à acessibilidade organizacional e à relação entre usuário, equipe e serviço na perspectiva da longitudinalidade. Observou-se a identificação do ambulatório de especialidade como fonte regular de cuidado e a insatisfação no que se refere à acessibilidade ao serviço...

The objective of the study was analyze user satisfaction determinants of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) regarding the outpatient clinic specialties at the Health Centre of the School. Qualitative crosssectional study was carried out in outpatient specialty with 20 users with diagnosis of DM. We adopted the method of semi-structured interview using a scripting guide. We used Atlas it software 7.0 to aid in the decoding of speech, and analyzed it by content analysis. The empirical material encoded enabled to observe that the most evident themes are related to organizational accessibility and the relationship between user and service staff in perspective of longitudinality. It was observed the outpatient identifying clinic specialties as a regular source of care and dissatisfaction with regard to service accessibility...

Estudo comparativo da liberaçäo de flúor de três tipos de materiais restauradores / Comparative study of the fluoride release from three types of restorative materials

A Odontologia atual propicia aos cirurgiöes-dentistas adotar técnicas restauradoras conservadoras que devolvem a funçäo, além de proporcionar estética à estrutura dentária. Na busca de se obter materiais restauradores "ideais", surgem materiais que além de devolver a funçäo e estética possuem a capacidade de liberar flúor. Esse trabalho laboratorial analisou comparativamente a liberaçäo de flúor em três tipos de materiais restauradores estéticos: Vitremer (3M), Dyract (Dentsply) e Tetric Ceram (Vivadent) - cimento de ionômero de vidro, compômero e resina composta, respectivamente. Para a determinaçäo do teor de flúor destes materiais utilizou-se nove amostras (três corpos-de-prova cada material), durante um período de trinta dias. O método usado foi o do eletrodo seletivo de fluoreto para dosagem de pequenos volumes. O Vitremer-3M (cimento de ionômero de vidro), foi o material que liberou mais flúor, sendo sua liberaçäo alta nas primeiras 24 horas e reduzindo consideravelmente ao final de trinta dias. O Dyract-Dentsply (compômero) liberou grande quantidade inicialmente, reduzindo essa liberaçäo com o tempo. Por final o Tetric Ceram - Vivadent (resina composta) foi o que menos liberou flúor mas manteve sua taxa de liberaçäo constante durante os trinta dias de estudo. Concluiu-se que o Vitremer-3M liberou mais flúor que o Dyract-Dentsply e o Tetric Ceram-Vivadent, até o final do experimento

Resistência à tração de coroas: convencional x Er:yag x Nd:yag / Resistance to traction of artificial teeth crows: conventional x Er:yag x Nd:yag

O estudo in vitro comparou a resistência à tração de coroas totais metálicas, em dentes onde a dentina coronária, após o uso de fresas convencionais, foi tratada no grupo I, com laser Nd:yag, no grupo II comlaser Er:yag e o grupo III de maneira convencional, sem aplicação do laser na superfície dentinária. Depois de cimentadas com fosfato de zinco e termociclados, as coroas foram removidas com o Coronaflex (Kavo). Assim pode-se observar que no método convencional as coroas tiveram uma resistência maior à tração. Os dentes tratados com Er:yag ficaram em segundo lugar e a menor retenção foi para o grupo tratado com Nd:yag

Comparação da resistência à tração de três cimentos odontológicos / Comparison of the resistence to tra traction of three types of materials

A proposta dos autores foi comparar a resistência à tração de coroas metálicas, cimentadas com fosfato de zinco, cimento e hidróxido de cálcio e óxido de zinco e eugenol, quando removidas com o Coronaflex (Kavo). De acordo com o experimento, o parelho Coronaflex precisou realizar mais impulsos para remover as coroas cimentadas com fosfato de zinco (maior resistência à tração), seguido de hidróxido de cálcio e óxido de zinco e eugenol