The Spatial-Temporal Dimension of Oncological Prevalence and Mortality in Romania.

The objective of this study was to identify spatial disparities in the distribution of cancer hotspots within Romania. Additionally, the research aimed to track prevailing trends in cancer prevalence and mortality according to a cancer type. The study covered the timeframe between 2008 and 2017, examining all 3,181 territorial administrative units. The analysis of spatial distribution relied on two key parameters. The first parameter, persistence, measured the duration for which cancer prevalence exceeded the 75th percentile threshold. Cancer prevalence refers to the total number of individuals in a population who have been diagnosed with cancer at a specific time point, including both newly diagnosed cases (occurrence) and existing cases. The second parameter, the time continuity of persistence, calculated the consecutive months during which cancer prevalence consistently surpassed the 75th percentile threshold. Notably, persistence of elevated values was also evident in lowland regions, devoid of any discernible direct connection to environmental conditions. In conclusion, this work bears substantial relevance to regional health policies, by aiding in the formulation of prevention strategies, while also fostering a deeper comprehension of the socioeconomic and environmental factors contributing to cancer.

New clinical application of amniotic membrane transplant for ocular surface disease.

UNLABELLED: The new defined anatomical and functional complex conjunctiva-limbus-cornea is a new concept, which helps clinicians better understand and treat ocular surface pathologies. The management of the ocular surface disease has changed dramatically over the years, with spectacular improvements of techniques, and of course, results. The amniotic membrane, used as a graft or as a substrate for the cultivation of limbal corneal cells has showed encouraging results. AIM: To investigate the usefulness of amniotic membrane transplantation in ocular surface pathologies. METHOD: The study is retrospective. 28 eyes of 28 patients with ocular surface pathologies (ocular burns, recent and old, symblepharon, pterygium, corneal and conjunctival tumors, persistent epithelial defect) underwent an amniotic membrane transplantation during a 1 year period. The necrotic and the scar tissue were first excised in all the patients and the amniotic membrane was sutured with an epithelial face up. Follow up ranged from 1 to 12 months. RESULTS: Good results were obtained in all 28 eyes. The anatomy of cornea and conjunctiva was improved, with limited benefits only in old ocular burn, symblepharon and in one case of extended tumors of the cornea and conjunctiva. Out of 28 eyes, 23 (82%) also had a visual acuity improvement. CONCLUSION: The amniotic membrane may be considered a good alternative for ocular surface reconstruction especially in acute status. ABBREVIATIONS: AMT = amniotic membrane transplantation, BCVA = best corrected visual acuity, BUT = break up time.

Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis in HIV/AIDS patients compared with the general population.

UNLABELLED: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a wide spectrum of systemic and ocular infectious diseases. Little information is known about Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratoconjunctivitis in association with AIDS. Because HSV-1 is becoming, day by day, a common eye disease (nearly 100% patients of over 60 years old harbor HSV in their trigeminal ganglia at autopsy), this article discussing a worldwide public health problem. AIM: The purpose of this paper is to compare the incidence and clinical aspects of HSV-1 Keratitis in HIV/ AIDS patients compared with the general population who develops HSV- 1 Keratitis. METHOD: The study is retrospective and comparative. Each patient was examined thoroughly at the biomicroscope ocular slit after corneal staining with fluorescein or rose bengal. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure and corneal sensitivity were also examined. RESULTS: From 170 patients with HIV and ocular anterior segment disorders, 47 patients had viral etiology. 58 patients had keratitis; 14 of them were HSV-1 keratitis. CONCLUSION: Doctors should be aware of the existence of the ocular damage in HIV/ AIDS and emphasize the importance of regular ophthalmologic examination of patients with HIV/ AIDS as HSV infection is common nowadays among the general population.

[The significance of imaging in a case of intraorbital cystic tumor]. / Influenta investigatiilor imagistice într-un caz de tumora chistica intraorbitara.

Conjunctival inclusion cyst represents a congenital or, in most cases, an acquired disorder. The most frequent cause of an acquired conjunctival cyst is the implantation of conjunctival epithelium after surgical interventions or ocular trauma. Usually, these cysts are located supero-medially, with a stationary evolution, without a progression in dimension, but in some cases can evolve into enormous translucent cysts. Histologically, they are lined by stratified, nonkeratinized, squamous epithelium and contain desquamated cellular debris, chronic inflammatory cells and mucus, when goblet cells are present. Most cysts can be treated adequately by complete excision with marsupialization of the entire epithelial lining to prevent fluid reaccumulation.

[Proliferative diabetic retinopathy -- therapeutic approach (clinical case)]. / RETINOPATIE DIABETICA PROLIFERATIVA--ATITUDINEA TERAPEUTICA (CAZ CLINIC).

We present the case of a 54 year old pacient diagnosed with neglected insulin dependent diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Surgery was recommended and we practiced posterior vitrectomy, endolaser and heavy silicone oil endotamponade. Post-operative evolution was favorable.

[Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a patient with previous penetrating keratoplasty (clinical case)]. / DECOLARE DE RETINA REGMATOGENA LA PACIENT CU KERATOPLASTIE PERFORANTA ÎN ANTECEDENTE (CAZ CLINIC).

We present the case of a 54 year old patient diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and perforating keratoplasty. Surgery is recommended and we performed posterior vitrectomy, endolaser, and internal heavy oil tamponade. The post-operative course was favorable.

[Changes in intraocular pressure depending on posture]. / VARIATII ALE PRESIUNII INTRAOCULARE ÎN FUNCTIE DE POZITIA CORPULUI.

UNLABELLED: Glaucoma is an important eye disease that, left untreated, causes irreversible blindness by affecting optic nerve threads. Decreasing intraocular pressure and maintaining it at a low level throughout the day is one of the objectives of antiglaucoma therapy. METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted on a sample of 80 patients who presented at "Emergency Eye Hospital" Bucharest between 1st of December 2013 30th of July 2014. Patients were divided into two groups: 40 patients with glaucoma and 40 patients without glaucoma (control group). THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: To determine changes in intraocular pressure that may occur depending on body posture and the correlations between changes in intraocular pressure and glaucoma, obesity, hypertension. These IOP changes may be important in the progression of glaucoma regarding that one third of our time is spent on supine position during night. RESULTS AND CONCLUZIONS: IOP varies from sitting down to supine position. IOP increases in supine in most patients (with or without glaucoma) with an average of 1.25 mmHg. The increase among patients with glaucoma is higher (1.67 mmHg) compared to those without glaucoma (0.82 mmHg). In patients with hypertension and glaucoma, IOP increased with 2.62 mmHg. In patients with hypertension and obesity IOP increased with 2.5 mmHg.

The Anophthalmic Socket - Reconstruction Options.

Keeping the eye is impossible, functionality is lost and aesthetic requirements are high. What do we do? Which approach is right? This is the dilemma we face whenenucleation or evisceration are unavoidable. The patient loses a sensory organ with a very important function and, at the same time, is faced with a major aesthetic defect, leading to significant anxiety. The purpose of this article is to describe the different reconstruction techniques for anophthalmic sockets. In preparing the anopthalmic socket for prosthesis fitting we have several options: dermis-fat graft with a very good biocompatibility, the Guthoff artificial implant, which provides better motility or the methyl methacrylate implant inside the muscle cone. Each option has advantages and disadvantages but the choice of technique should be adapted to the needs and expectations of the patient, taking into account both time and cost.

[Ocular hypertension in herpes simplex keratouveitis]. / Hipertensiunea intraoculara în keratouveitele date de virusul herpes simplex.

The herpes simplex virus is one of the most common pathogens in humans, who are seropositive for the virus in 90% of the cases at the adult age. It determines reccurent infections in more than a third of the population and these infections depend on the immune response of the host. Ocular infections of newborns are due to the herpes simplex virus type 2, meanwhile type 1 is found predominantly at adults; almost all ocular structures can be affected. HSV-1 in the most frequent etiologic agent in infectious anterior uveitis (with the varicelo-zosterian virus) and it is responsible for 6-10% of all cases of anterior uveitis. More than half of the keratouveitides due to HSV will develop intraocular hypertension and open-angle secondary glaucoma, during reccurences and most of them will resolve after proper control of inflammation.

[Retinal detachment with retinoschisis--case report]. / Decolare de retina cu retinoschizis--caz clinic.

We present the case of a 43 year old patient diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and retinoschizis, a rare case of disease association. Surgery is recommended and we practice 23 gauge vitrectomy, laser retinopexy, criopexy in the periphery and internal heavy oil tamponade. Postoperatory evolution was favorable.

[Clinical and functional considerations in some cases of postoperative endophthalmitis]. / Consideratii clinice si functionale pe marginea unor cazuri de endoftalmita postoperatorie.

We present 3 cases of postsurgery endophthalmitis, with good initial operatory technique, which were admitted in our hospital within variable time, to which a second surgery was performed, with good postoperative evolution, without any inflammatory signs and preserving the eye. We analyse the pre and post-operative treatment of endophthalmitis, but also the ways to prevent the appearance of this post-operative complication.

[Alternative therapeutic excision of intraepithelial conjunctival carcinoma with corneal extension]. / Alternative terapeutice la excizia unui carcinom intraepitelial conjunctival cu extensie corneeana.

Surgical treatment for conjunctival neoplasms, with wide local excision, with or without supplemental cryotherapy to the surgical margins represents the treatment of choice for this pathology. In some cases, these neoplasms can be diffuse or multifocal, with borders that are difficult to detect clinically, such that topical therapies offer a more efficient method for treating the entire ocular surface, delivering high drug concentrations at this level, with negligible systemic side effects. Beginning from the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, we try to present other therapeutical alternatives, although in this case the therapeutical approach was the classic one.

[How to select patients for excimer laser refractive surgery]. / Selectia pacientilor pentru chirurgia refractiva cu laser excimer.

The first very important step for the refractive surgery is the selection of the patients, because there are situations when the surgery for reducing the diopters can produce complications which are difficult to solve. The investigation of the patients who come for a refractive surgery has many steps and each step has his importance.

[Complication of excimer laser refractive surgery]. / Complicatiile chirurgiei refractive cu laser excimer.

The success of the refractive surgery depends of the absence of the incidents during and after the surgery. Any complication can compromise more or less the result of the intervention and make it inefficient or even injurious.

Identification of the main odor-active compounds in musts from French and Romanian hybrids by three olfactometric methods.

Three olfactometric methods (frequency of detection, time--intensity method, and aroma extract dilution analysis) were used to evaluate the main odorants of three musts obtained from French--Romanian hybrids (Valerien, Admira, and Brumariu). The three methods allow detection of the same odor-active compounds. The results obtained from these methods were closely related. Nineteen odor-active compounds were detected, and 13 were identified. The three methods showed the importance of an unidentified compound with a grape and grape juice aroma note in the three musts. Among the other compounds, 3-hexen-1-al, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadien-1-ol, and 1-ccten-3-one seemed to contribute actively to the odor of Valerien must. 3-(Methylthio)propanal and hexanal were contributors to the Admira and Brumariu odor. Phenylacetaldehyde was one of the main odor-active compounds in must from Admira.

[Acute posterior or multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy]. / Epiteliopatia pigmentara placoida multifocala acuta.

The paper presents a clinical case of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and the specific diagnosis problems of this case. Being a less frequent disease the common aspects are emphasized as well as the latest concepts about this syndrome.

[Cryotherapy in ophthalmology]. / Crioterapia în oftalmologie.

This article is a general view of cryotherapy and its clinical applications in ophthalmology. The method of cryotherapy is used less after LASER therapy and EEC appearance in ophthalmology but remains a unique method in treatment of some disease and a very valuable choice to the modern techniques.