The Use of Automated Machine Translation to Translate Figurative Language in a Clinical Setting: Analysis of a Convenience Sample of Patients Drawn From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with limited English proficiency frequently receive substandard health care. Asynchronous telepsychiatry (ATP) has been established as a clinically valid method for psychiatric assessments. The addition of automated speech recognition (ASR) and automated machine translation (AMT) technologies to asynchronous telepsychiatry may be a viable artificial intelligence (AI)-language interpretation option. OBJECTIVE: This project measures the frequency and accuracy of the translation of figurative language devices (FLDs) and patient word count per minute, in a subset of psychiatric interviews from a larger trial, as an approximation to patient speech complexity and quantity in clinical encounters that require interpretation. METHODS: A total of 6 patients were selected from the original trial, where they had undergone 2 assessments, once by an English-speaking psychiatrist through a Spanish-speaking human interpreter and once in Spanish by a trained mental health interviewer-researcher with AI interpretation. 3 (50%) of the 6 selected patients were interviewed via videoconferencing because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interview transcripts were created by automated speech recognition with manual corrections for transcriptional accuracy and assessment for translational accuracy of FLDs. RESULTS: AI-interpreted interviews were found to have a significant increase in the use of FLDs and patient word count per minute. Both human and AI-interpreted FLDs were frequently translated inaccurately, however FLD translation may be more accurate on videoconferencing. CONCLUSIONS: AI interpretation is currently not sufficiently accurate for use in clinical settings. However, this study suggests that alternatives to human interpretation are needed to circumvent modifications to patients' speech. While AI interpretation technologies are being further developed, using videoconferencing for human interpreting may be more accurate than in-person interpreting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03538860; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03538860.

Asynchronous Telepsychiatry: A Component of Stepped Integrated Care.

OBJECTIVE: Integrated behavioral healthcare models typically involve a range of consultation options for mental healthcare. Asynchronous telepsychiatry (ATP) consults may be an additional potential choice, so we are conducting a 5-year clinical trial comparing ATP with synchronous telepsychiatry (STP) consultations. METHODS: Patients referred by primary care providers are randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, ATP or STP. Clinical outcome, satisfaction, and economic data are being collected from patients for 2 years at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics for the first 158 patients and case examples of ATP are presented. CONCLUSION: Implementing ATP in existing integrated behavioral healthcare models could make mental healthcare more efficient.

The hybrid doctor-patient relationship in the age of technology - Telepsychiatry consultations and the use of virtual space.

The doctor-patient relationship is evolving and changing through the impact of many technological, social and environmental factors. These factors will be examined, especially the impact of changing attitudes among younger generations of physicians and patients who live in an information-driven networked world. Telepsychiatry is already over 50 years old and has a strong evidence base which suggests that it is a better form of practice compared with the traditional in-person consultation for certain patient groups. In particular, telepsychiatry encourages intimacy in relationships through the use of the 'virtual space' in the consultation, better collaboration between psychiatrists and primary care physicians, and improved patient satisfaction. The practice of psychiatry will change through the use of mobile devices, asynchronous consultations, and the opportunities that automated interpretation and translation bring to work across cultures. The future will likely bring many psychiatrists working increasingly in a hybrid model, both in-person, and online, using the strengths of both approaches to improve patient care.

Psychiatrists with substance use disorders: positive treatment outcomes from physician health programs.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrist physicians enrolled in state physician health programs for substance use disorders. METHODS: The study used the data set from a five-year, longitudinal cohort study of 904 physicians, including 55 psychiatrists, with diagnoses of substance abuse or dependence consecutively admitted to one of 16 state physician health programs between 1995 and 2001. RESULTS: There was a higher proportion of women among psychiatrists than among other physicians, but there were no other significant differences between the cohorts. Five-year outcomes were similar between psychiatrists and the other physicians, with at least 75% of psychiatrists continuing their medical practice after five years of monitoring and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatrists were not overrepresented compared with other physician groups and had similar clinical outcomes at the five-year follow-up. Physician health programs appeared to be effective treatment programs for psychiatrists with substance use disorders.

Telemedicine can make healthcare greener.

The American healthcare industry is generally lacking environmentally sustainable practices. The environmental impact of healthcare practices in the country has been largely disregarded due to ambivalence, ignorance, and fears of additional costs and regulations. The current practices continue to pollute the environment by requiring large amounts of travel and paperwork by both the patient and the clinician. Telemedicine and health information technology help save time, energy, raw materials (such as paper and plastic), and fuel, thereby lowering the carbon footprint of the health industry. By implementing green practices, for instance, by engaging in carbon credit programs, the health industry could benefit financially as well as reduce its negative impact on the health of our planet. Companies that reduce their carbon emissions by implementing energy-saving practices can sell their carbon credits to companies that emit more carbon than permissible by their legally binding commitment. These carbon profits can then be used for healthcare research or to provide healthcare to the underserved. Alternatively, the savings could be used for green purchasing and to implement other carbon-reducing activities. This report reviews the numerous possible options for the American health industry to become greener and lower its carbon footprint while at the same time becoming more time- and cost efficient.