RESUMO
Parasite infections are more quantifiable postmortem than antemortem in horses. Thus a study was carried out examining dead horses for specific parasite species. Most of the weanling and older horses submitted to the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) for postmortem examination between November 22, 2016 and March 23, 2017 were examined for certain species of internal parasites. The stomach and duodenum from 69 horses were examined for bots (Gasterophilus spp.). Combined data for both Thoroughbred and non-Thoroughbred (16 other than Thoroughbred breeds/mixed breeds) horses revealed that the prevalence of Gasterophilus intestinalis was 19% (n=12) with 2nd instars (xÌ 8.5) and 39% (n=27) with 3rd instars (xÌ 90). The prevalence of Gasterophilus nasalis was 1.5% (n=1) for 2nd instars (xÌ 1) and 7% (n=5) for 3rd instars (xÌ 25). A few third instar G. intestinalis placed in 10% formalin showed slight movement at over two hundred hours later. The cecum and about 25cm of the terminal part of the ileum were examined from 139 horses for tapeworms (Anoplocephala spp.) and large strongyles (Strongylus spp.). The prevalence of A. perfoliata was 44% (n=62) and the average number of specimens per infected horse was 92.5. Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus were not found in the gut of any horse.
Assuntos
Autopsia/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Cavalos/parasitologia , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Strongylus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Feminino , Cavalos/anatomia & histologia , MasculinoAssuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/patologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Neoplasias Otorrinolaringológicas/patologia , Neoplasias Otorrinolaringológicas/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Patologia Bucal , Sociedades Médicas , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Alemanha , Humanos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Neoplasias Otorrinolaringológicas/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genéticaRESUMO
A coherent x-ray diffraction experiment was performed on an isolated colloidal crystal grain at the coherence beamline P10 at PETRA III. Using azimuthal rotation scans the three-dimensional (3D) scattered intensity from the sample in the far-field was measured. It includes several Bragg peaks as well as the coherent interference around these peaks. The analysis of the scattered intensity reveals the presence of plane defects in a single grain of the colloidal sample. We confirm these findings by model simulations. In these simulations we also analyze the experimental conditions required to phase the 3D diffraction pattern from a single colloidal grain. This approach has the potential to produce a high resolution image of the sample revealing its inner structure, with possible structural defects.
RESUMO
Interactions, antagonistic or mutualistic, can exert selection on plant traits. We explored the role of Hadena bicruris, a pollinating seed predator, as a selective agent on its host, the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. We exposed females from artificial-selection lines (many, small flowers (SF) vs. few, large flowers (LF)) to this moth. Infestation did not differ significantly between lines, but the odds of attacked fruits aborting were higher in SF females. We partitioned selection between that caused by moth attack and that resulting from all other factors. In both lines, selection via moth attack for fewer, smaller flowers contrasted with selection via other factors for more flowers. In LF females, selection via the two components was strongest and selection via moth attack also favoured increased fruit abortion. This suggests that the moths act as more of a selective force on flower size and number via their predating than their pollinating role.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Flores/fisiologia , Mariposas/fisiologia , Polinização/fisiologia , Seleção Genética , Silene/genética , Animais , Feminino , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Modelos Lineares , Polinização/genética , Sementes , Silene/fisiologiaRESUMO
The breeding of male layer chickens is currently considered to be highly uneconomical. In Germany alone, 40 to 50 million newly hatched male chickens were killed annually immediately after hatching. Therefore, it is necessary to find a method for sexing chickens early in the embryonic development, preferably before incubation. The genotypic sex of an egg can be determined using information found in the germinal disc, so knowledge of the exact position of the germinal disc is essential for further sexing, or for other actions such as the in ovo injection of agents. Previous studies have shown that the germinal disc is located somewhere on top of the yolk. However, no studies have yet been performed that investigate the influence of time spent in horizontal storage on the position of the germinal disc. Magnetic resonance imaging was chosen to determine this influence on the position of the germinal disc. It was found that eggs placed horizontally for long periods of time before scanning had significant changes in the positions of their germinal discs compared with those of eggs scanned minutes after positioning. The position of the germinal disc in eggs, minutes after horizontal positioning, deviated 14.7 ± 0.6 mm from the maximum vertical plane of the egg (zero position) in the z-direction; eggs scanned after 96 h of horizontal positioning showed a deviation of only 4.9 ± 1.6 mm. The x-axis also exhibited changes in the position of the germinal disc over time. Immediately after horizontal positioning, the eggs showed a deviation of 0.4 ± 0.4 mm in the x-direction, whereas the deviation after 96 h was 2.9 ± 0.5 mm. These results show that horizontal positioning of the egg hours before the measurement is necessary.
Assuntos
Blastodisco/anatomia & histologia , Embrião de Galinha/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Blastodisco/química , Cruzamento , Feminino , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Análise para Determinação do Sexo/métodos , Análise para Determinação do Sexo/veterinária , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The objective of this research was to optimize sampling parameters for increased recovery and detection of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV). Collection media containing antifoams, activated carbons, protectants, and ethylene glycol were evaluated for direct effects on factors impacting the detection of PRRSV and SIV, including virus infectivity, viability of continuous cell lines used for the isolation of these viruses, and performance of reverse transcriptase PCR assays. The results showed that specific compounds influenced the likelihood of detecting PRRSV and SIV in collection medium. A subsequent study evaluated the effects of collection medium, impinger model, and sampling time on the recovery of aerosolized PRRSV using a method for making direct comparisons of up to six treatments simultaneously. The results demonstrated that various components in air-sampling systems, including collection medium, impinger model, and sampling time, independently influenced the recovery and detection of PRRSV and/or SIV. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that a 20% solution of ethylene glycol collected the greatest quantity of aerosolized PRRSV, which suggests the possibility of sampling at temperatures below freezing. Based on the results of these experiments, it is recommended that air-sampling systems be optimized for the target pathogen(s) and that recovery/detection results should be interpreted in the context of the actual performance of the system.
Assuntos
Microbiologia do Ar , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/isolamento & purificação , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Animais , Antiespumantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Meios de Cultura , Etilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/patogenicidade , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/virologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/genética , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/patogenicidade , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Virologia/métodosRESUMO
Se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras 18 años de experiencia en autotrasplante de caninos superiores incluidos. Se explican en detalle las indicaciones, técnica quirúrgica y resultados, concluyendo que a la vista de éstos, la manipulación quirúrgica de caninos retenidos sanos tiene un alto porcentaje de éxito a largo plazo
We present the result obtained during our 18 years of experience in autotransplantation of upper canines. Detailed explanation is given regarding the surgical indications, techniques indications, tecniques an results, In view of this, a conclusion is reached regarding the high, long-term sucess rate of surgical manipulation of embedded, healthy canines
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Dente Impactado/cirurgia , Dente não Erupcionado/transplante , Dente Canino/transplante , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Sobrevivência de EnxertoRESUMO
Presentamos los resultados obtenidos tras 17 años de experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las malposiciones dentales. Se incluyen los autotrasplantes de molares incluidos, autotrasplantes de caninos retenidos y reubicación de incisivos, caninos o premolares mal posicionados; 81 piezas dentales en total, de los cuales 60 dientes corresponden a autotrasplantes y 21 a reubicaciones, obteniendo un alto porcentaje de éxito. Se explica en detalle las indicaciones, técnica quirúrgica y resultados, concluyendo en que a la vista de los mismos, la manipulación quirúrgica de dientes retenidos sanos tiene un alto porcentaje de éxito a largo plazo (AU)
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Microscopia/métodos , Ortodontia/métodos , Contenções Periodontais , Placas Oclusais , Má Oclusão/cirurgia , Má Oclusão/diagnósticoRESUMO
Tyrosine protein kinases (TPKs) represent a diverse group of enzymes that contribute to cellular signal transduction. The generally low abundance of TPKs, coupled with their rapid activation and deactivation, usually precludes their purification through conventional biochemical means. Using immune-complex protein kinase assays, the presence or absence of a given TPK can be established and an estimation of its functional state obtained. In the Basic Protocol of this unit, TPKs are immunoprecipitated, allowed to autophosphorylate in the presence of labeled ATP, run out on an SDS-PAGE gel, and detected by autoradiography. Alternate protocols are provided for the assessment of the functional state of TPKs by providing a potential substrate along with the labeled ATP in the reaction mixture. In the first alternate protocol, the exogenous substrate is a protein, permitting simultaneous assessment of autophosphorylation and exogenous substrate phosphorylation. The second alternate protocol utilizes a peptide substrate, resulting in a rapid, high-throughput assay that evaluates only exogenous substrate phosphorylation.
Assuntos
Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/análise , Trifosfato de Adenosina/imunologia , Animais , Aprotinina/farmacologia , Autorradiografia/métodos , Caseínas/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Leupeptinas/farmacologia , Peptídeos/imunologia , Fluoreto de Fenilmetilsulfonil/farmacologia , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/imunologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/imunologia , Coelhos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Tempo , Vanadatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The tyrosine protein kinases are enzymes that are important in cellular signal transduction. Therefore, inhibition of TPKs provides an important means of investigating and potentially controlling many signaling pathways. The first basic protocol in this unit describes an assay of the inhibitory effects of TPK inhibitors in vitro on a specific TPK that has been immune-precipitated from cell lysates. An assay of the effects of several TPK inhibitors on TPKs in vivo in activated cells is also provided. Although the example used here is a nonreceptor TPK, these protocols can be used to assay the effects of inhibitors on receptor TPKs as well.
Assuntos
Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Genisteína/farmacologia , Lactamas Macrocíclicas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Tirfostinas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/imunologia , Rifabutina/análogos & derivados , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We report the molecular cloning and initial characterization of a novel fatty acid acylated serine/threonine protein kinase. The putative open reading frame is predicted to encode a 305 amino acid protein possessing a carboxy-terminal protein kinase domain and amino-terminal myristylation and palmitylation sites. The protein kinase has been accordingly denoted as the myristylated and palmitylated serine/threonine protein kinase (MPSK). Human and mouse MPSKs share approximately 93% identity at the amino acid level with complete retention of acylation sites. Radiation hybridization localized the human MPSK gene to chromosome 2q34-37. Northern analysis demonstrated that the human MPSK 1.7 kilobase mRNA is widely distributed. Epitope tagged human MPSK was found to be acylated by myristic acid at glycine residue 2 and by palmitic acid at cysteines 6 and/or 8. Palmitylation of MPSK in these experiments was found to require an intact myristylation site. While epitope tagged MPSK in immune complexes or purified human glutathione S transferase-MPSK was found to autophosphorylate at one or more threonine residues, the enzyme was not found to phosphorylate several other common exogenous substrates. Indeed, only PHAS-I was identified as an exogenous substrate which was found to be phosphorylated on threonine and serine residues.
Assuntos
Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/química , Fatores de Transcrição , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células Cultivadas , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2 , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Ácido Mirístico/metabolismo , Palmitatos/metabolismo , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
NO and cGMP have emerged as important signal transduction mediators of the effects of certain hormones, inter-/intracellular signals, toxins and drugs. However, a major challenge is to define relevant criteria for determining which of the many NO and/or cGMP effects are dependent on cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs). Important criteria include that: (1) the cell types/tissues investigated contain at least one form of cGK which is activated by the cGMP-elevating agent in the intact cell system; (2) specific activators/inhibitors of cGKs mimic/block the effects of cGMP-elevating agents in the intact cell system; and (3) the cGMP effect is absent or blunted in cGK-deficient systems, or can be reconstituted by the introduction of active cGKs. Previously, analysis of cGK activity in intact cells has been very difficult. However, the analysis of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation by polyclonal antibodies and newly developed monoclonal antibodies, each of which specifically recognize different phosphorylation sites, allows the quantitative measurement of cGK activity in intact cells. With the use of these methods, the properties of certain cGK mutants, cGK activators (cGMP, 8-Br-cGMP, 8-pCPT-cGMP) as well as various "specific cGK inhibitors" (KT 5823, Rp-8Br-PET-cGMPS, Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS, H8 and H89) were investigated. Although these "specific cGK inhibitors" have been widely used to establish or rule out functional roles of cGKs, very few studies have actually addressed the efficiency/specificity of such compounds in intact cells. Our results demonstrate that these inhibitors are useful tools only when used in combination with other experimental approaches and biochemical evidence.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de GMP Cíclico/fisiologia , GMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Isoenzimas/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Animais , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de GMP Cíclico/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Mind-body techniques and complementary care may assist people who are undergoing surgery and those recovering from cardiac surgery to cope with the event, the process of recovery, and accompanying lifestyle changes. These approaches can provide cardiac patients with nonpharmacologic tools that may prevent further coronary artery disease and the development of dysrhythmias. The Complementary Care Center at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center was developed to clinically apply and research the use of nonallopathic, complementary modalities with patients receiving care at the medical center, including those undergoing cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/reabilitação , Terapias Complementares , HumanosRESUMO
Ras, a signal-transducing protein involved in mediating growth factor-stimulated proliferation, is mutationally activated in over 30% of human tumors. To be functional Ras must bind to the inner surface of the plasma membrane, with post-translational lipid modifications being necessary for this localization. The essential, first modification of Ras is farnesylation catalyzed by the enzyme farnesyl: proteintransferase (FPTase). Inhibitors of FPTase (FTIs) are currently being tested to determine if they are capable of tumor growth inhibition. Here we describe our efforts, along with those of other groups, in testing the biological and biochemical effects of FTIs.