[The epidemiology of systolic and diastolic arterial hypertension in relation to risk factors and education among the male population of some cities of Russia, the CIS nations and the Baltic states (a cooperative study)]. / Epidemiologiia sistolicheskoi i diastolicheskoi arterial'noi gipertonii v sviazi s faktorami riska i obrazovaniem sredi muzhskogo naseleniia v nekotorykh gorodakh Rossii, stran SNG i pribaltiiskikh gosudarstv (kooperativnoe issledovanie).

The prevalence of systolic and diastolic arterial hypertension (AH) was studied on a material of random representative samples of male population aged 20-54 years in the cities of Moscow, Saint Petersburg [correction of Sankt-Peterburg], Tallinn, Kiev, Novosibirsk, Alma-Ata, Tashkent and Bishkek. AH was estimated in connection with risk factors (RF) from the standpoint of uni- and multidimensional statistical analysis. It has been established that RF (age, cholesterol and triglycerides concentration, overweight and alcohol use) make more significant contribution into the prevalence of diastolic AH whereas the systolic AH prevalence is largely determined only by age and education. The data obtained are likely to form the basis for the design of a more integral system of prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases.

[Significance of risk factors in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease in men living in different climatic-geographic areas of Russia, the CIS countries and the Baltic states (a cooperative study)]. / Znachenie faktorov riska v rasprostranennosti ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin, prozhivaiushchikh v razlichnykh klimato-geograficheskikh zonakh Rossii, stran SNG i Pribaltiiskikh gosudarstv (kooperativnoe issledovanie).

The paper deals with the contribution of risk factors to the spread of coronary heart disease (CHD) among males living in various cities and towns of Russia, CIS countries and Baltic states. The examination of random representative samples of male populations established that risk factors, such as age, arterial hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipoproteinemia, and smoking (p < 0.05), make a significant contribution to the spread of CHD, including acute CHD. Age, arterial hypertension, and body weight (p < 0.01) also make a substantial contribution to the development of CHD. The risk factors play a greater role in the spread of CHD in Tallinn, Alma-Ata, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk than in Moscow and Ufa, but in the spread of acute CHD in Tallinn, Kaunas, Ufa, and Alma-Ata than in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

[The epidemiology of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their combination among the male population in the cities of different regions of the CIS Nations and Baltic states. A cooperative study]. / Epidemiologiia faktorov riska serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii i ikh kombinatsii sredi muzhskogo naseleniia v gorodakh razlichnykh regionov SNG i pribaltiiskikh gosudarstv. Kooperativnoe issledovanie.

The prevalence of risk factors (RF) to develop cardiovascular disorders alone and in combination has been studied in males aged 20-54 differing by occupation and education. They lived in various cities of CIS and Baltic States. It was established that RF alone and in combination are common among the male population. The risk is the highest in the group of males engaged in hard physical labour (p < 0.05) and in low-education subjects. In subjects with higher education RF are the lowest. RF alone and in combination proved higher in Europeans and Siberians compared to males living in the Central Asia.

[The comparative characteristics of the distribution of the lipid component of the blood and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in men 20-54 years old in the cities of the CIS Nations and Estonia (a cooperative study)]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika raspredeleniia lipidnogo sostava krovi i rasprostranennost' giperkholesterinemii u muzhchin 20--54 let v nekotorykh gorodakh SNG i Estonii (kooperativnoe issledovanie).

A comparative study of hypercholesterolemia and lipid distribution in males aged 20-54 randomly selected in one of the districts of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Kiev, Novosibirsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata and Bishkek has been performed. A comparative interpopulation analysis involved mean values of blood lipid spectrum: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLPC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLPC). TC, TG, LDLPC in blood were higher in European region and Siberia than in Middle Asia populations. These findings correlated with hypercholesterolemia prevalence. An average of 50% of European population studied need preventive treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

Ischaemic heart disease in men of productive age: comparison of epidemiological and morphological data.

Data obtained from a cross-sectional population study of men aged 20-54 years and results of a morphological epidemiological examination of the aorta and coronary arteries of 507 men aged 20-59 years, deceased from various causes in the city of Tallinn, were analysed to find whether there is a relationship between the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), its risk factors and morphological features of atherosclerosis. An association has been found between the development of clinical IHD manifestations with age, extent of morphological signs of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta and coronary arteries, and occurrence of hypercholesterolaemia. Estonian men showed more marked changes in lipid indicators and greater extent of morphological signs of atherosclerosis than men of other nationalities; this corresponds to the more atherogenic character of the former's diet. However, Estonian men did not differ from other nationalities in the occurrence of IHD and expected death risk--a finding the authors explain by the lower percentage of smokers among Estonians.

[Age-related dynamics of aortic atherosclerosis of various ethnic groups of the male population of Andizhan]. / Osobennosti vozrastnoi dinamiki ateroskleroza aorty u razlichnykh étnicheskikh grupp muzhskogo naseleniia Andizhana.

Quantitative study of the aortic atherosclerosis was performed in 587 males of the indigenous (IP) and in 149 males of non-indigenous population (NIP) at the age of 20 to 59 years in the city of Andizhan according to the WHO program. The course of atherosclerosis was more severe in NIP persons although at the age of up to 40 years the differences in the mean surface of atherosclerotic changes were lacking. The surface of lipid spots was similar in both groups or was somewhat lower in NIP, but these spots in NIP persons were thicker and contained more foam cells and more areas of diffuse lipid deposition. The rate of the surface increase of prominent lesions drastically increased in the 5th decade of life in both groups. The frequency of rhythmical structures in the aorta was the same in both groups; their incidence was higher in cases of pronounced atherosclerosis.

[Prognosis of the probability of development of ischemic heart disease with regard to family anamnesis in a Baku male population of 20-54 years of age]. / Prognoz veroiatnosti razvitiia ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa s uchetom dannykh semeinogo anamneza u muzhchin bakinskoi populiatsii v vozraste 20-54 let.

The analysis of the results obtained from a genetic population survey among an unorganized Baku male population aged 20-54 years provided quantitative assessments of a set of informative signs to reveal the factors predisposing to coronary heart disease. Predictive indicators of empirical and theoretical risk of the disease were constructed on the basis of the signs selected.

[Epidemiology of ischemic heart disease as related to the main risk factors among the male population in various Soviet cities (a cooperative study)]. / Epidemiologiia ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa i ee sviaz' osnovnymi faktorami riska sredi muzhskogo naseleniia v nekotorykh gorodakh SSSR (kooperativnoe issledovnaie).

A study was made of the prevalence of coronary heart disease, risk factors (arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia, overweight, tobacco-smoking) and of the relation of coronary heart disease to the risk factors in men aged 20 to 39 years and 40 to 54 years, living in 8 cities of the USSR. The study was carried out on material of random representative samples. It has been established that the prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors is bigger among the populations living in the European part of the USSR and Siberia, being lower among the populations of Central Asia. The relationship between coronary heart disease and the risk factors is pronounced to a greater measure in arterial hypertension and overweight and to a less degree in other conditions. Besides, the relation of coronary heart disease to the risk factors is marked to a much greater measure among men belonging to the senior age groups.

[Comparative characteristics of nutrition of the male population in some cities of the USSR (a cooperative study)]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika pitaniia muzhskogo naseleniia v nekotorykh gorodakh SSSR (kooperativnoe issledovanie).

The state of nutrition was studied in men of varying age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-54 years) living in different cities of the USSR. The standard method of food ration "daily reproduction" was used to investigate 25% of representative subsample in each age group. It has been found that the daily ration of men living in the European part of the USSR (Moscow, Kiev, Tallinn) is characterized by a rather high caloric value and by a significant imbalance in the consumption of the main food substances.

[Comparative characteristics of the incidence of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors among men and women aged 20-69 years (epidemiological study)]. / Sravnite'lnaia kharakteristika rasprostranennosti faktorov riska i ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin i zhenshchin 20-69 let (Tepidemiologicheskoe issledovanie).

The study was undertaken to examine a random representative sample from the nonorganized male and female population from on of the Moscow districts. The survey covered 1238 males and 1241 females; the response-rate was 71% and 74%, respectively. Routine epidemiological tools and consistent criteria for their assessment were applied to the survey of the population. The authors examined the following risk factors: arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphacholesterolemia, and cigarette smoking in relation to a particular CHD: acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, etc.

[Blood plasma lipids and apolipoproteins as indicators of coronary atherosclerosis]. / Lipidy i apolipoproteiny plazmy krovi kak indikatory koronarhogo ateroskleroza.

An assessment of one-feature and combined diagnostic value of plasma lipid and apolipoprotein parameters, using stepwise discriminant analysis, was designed to make possible correct differentiation between coronary heart disease (CHD) due to angiographically-verified coronary atherosclerosis and neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) without signs of coronary arterial affection. The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein AI (apo B/apo AI) ratio was shown to be the best single apolipoprotein marker capable of correct differentiation between CHD and NCD in 74% of cases. It was similar to the best lipid diagnostic marker, the cholesterol atherogenic index, in terms of discriminating power. The combination of the apo B/apo AI ratio + age + systolic arterial blood pressure proved to be the best combined indicator, bringing the diagnostic error down to 18%.

[Nutrition of patients with ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension in the general population]. / Izuchenie pitaniia bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i arterial'noi gipertonieiv populiatsii.

A representative randomized sample of 525 men aged 40-59 years was examined in one of the regions of Moscow. The diet was studied by the method of a one-day questionnaire. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was revealed in 59 subjects, arterial hypertension (AH) in 51. Analysis of the means of food consumption and energy sources in subjects with and without CHD showed significant differences to manifest only in less consumption of carbohydrates and calories per kg bw by CHD patients. Application of discriminant analysis showed that age and consumption of carbohydrates per kg bw are informative signs that distinguish CHD patients from subjects without CHD. CHD patients were older and consumed less carbohydrates. Analysis of the means of food consumption and energy sources by AH patients and subjects without AH revealed differences in food cholesterol consumption per kg bw. It appeared to be lower in AH patients. Discriminant analysis demonstrated highly significant differences in the age of the examinees as well as in cholesterol (in mg per kg bw) and refined sugar consumption (in per cent of the energy value). Subjects with AH were older and consumed less food cholesterol and refined sugar, which, in all probability, is linked with a change in the pattern of nutrition caused by illness.

[Characteristics of blood pressure in schoolchildren 7-17 years old (based on one-stage and prospective studies)]. / Kharakteristika arterial'nogo davleniia u shkol'nikov 7-17 let (po dannym odnomomentnogo i prospektivnogo issledovanii).

One-stage epidemiological survey permitted one to define the limits of normal blood pressure values in schoolchildren aged 7-17 years for each age-sexual group differentially. Isolated blood pressure elevation was found to be rare, amounting to 4.4% in boys and to 3.1% in girls. The rate of new cases of elevated blood pressure per 100 subjects was equal to 8.2 cases for systolic and 10.3 cases for diastolic blood pressure.

[Prognostic significance of arterial pressure, blood plasma lipids, Ketle's index and smoking in relation to the possible development of arterial hypertension]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie urovnei arterial'nogo davleniia, lipidov plazmy krovi, indeksa Ketle i kureniia v otbnoshenii vozmozhnogo razvitiia arterial'noi gipertonii.

A prospective study of 40-59 year-old males from one of the Moscow districts has shown the correlation between newly developed cases of arterial hypertension and blood pressure level, blood lipids, body weight, smoking. Complex informative index of the above parameters for possible hypertension development is being analyzed. The most informative criteria have been stated and the prognostic value of the index for possible hypertension development has been established.

[Physical load tolerance examined in epidemiological studies]. / Izuchenie tolerantnosti k fizicheskoi nagruzke v épidemiologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.

The work presents the results of the study of tolerance to exercise test in 677 men aged 40-59, carried out during a cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Persons with positive electrocardiographic results of the test were shown to be characterized by a diminished tolerance to exercise, the duration of the test and cardiac index being informative indicators together with such IHD risk factors as blood serum cholesterol level and age.