Single Nucleotide Variants in the TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 Genes: A Case-Control Study in a Colombian Population.

BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide variants in toll-like receptor genes play a crucial role in leprosy susceptibility or resistance. METHODS: With an epidemiology case-control study, associations between SNVs rs5743618 in TLR1, rs5743708 in TLR2, and rs5743810 in TLR6 and overall susceptibility for leprosy were estimated in 114 cases and 456 controls. Following that, stratified analysis was performed. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Genotyping was performed using predesigned TaqMan probes. RESULTS: The A/G genotype of rs5743810 behaved as a protective factor for the development of leprosy in the codominant (OR= 0.37; 95% CI = 016-0.86, p = 0.049) and over-dominant (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.16-0.88, p = 0.019) inheritance models. The A/G and A/A genotypes behaved as a protective factor (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17-0.87, p = 0.016) in the dominant model. The SNVs rs5743618 and rs5743708 showed no association with any of the models. The CGG haplotype (rs5743618-rs5743708-rs5743810) behaved as a susceptibility factor for developing leprosy (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.11-3.10, p = 0.019). The latter haplotype behaved as a susceptibility factor for leprosy development in women (OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.21-4.82, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The identified variants in the genes encoding TLRs, specifically rs5743810 in TLR6 and CGG (rs5743618-rs5743708-rs5743810) haplotypes, may somehow explain leprosy susceptibility in the studied population in a leprosy endemic region in Colombia.

Association of the rs2111234, rs3135499, rs8057341 polymorphisms in the NOD2 gene with leprosy: A case-control study in the Norte de Santander, Colombia population.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The development of leprosy involves several factors, including the causative agent, the individual host's immune response, environmental factors, and the genetic background of the host. Specifically, the host's innate immune response, encoded by genes, determines their susceptibility to developing leprosy post-infection. Polymorphic variants in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene are associated with leprosy among populations in a variety of endemic areas around the world. Colombia, a country located in the tropical zone, has several leprosy-endemic regions, including Norte de Santander. The aim of this study was to analyze the rs7194886, rs2111234, rs3135499, and rs8057341 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOD2 gene using a case-control study to determine whether they confer greater or lesser susceptibility to the development of leprosy. METHODOLOGY: The TaqMan qPCR amplification system was used for SNPs detection. FINDINGS: An association between the A-rs8057341 SNP (p = 0,006286) and resistance to leprosy was found. However, the rs3135499 (p = 0,9063) and rs2111234 (p = 0.1492) were not found to be associated with leprosy susceptibility. In addition, the rs7194886 SNP was not found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the study population. The GAG haplotype, consisting of SNPs rs2111234-G, rs3135499-A, and rs8057341G, acts as a susceptibility factor for the development of leprosy in women. SNPs rs3135499 and rs8057341 are functionally related to decreased NOD2 expression according to an in-silico analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The SNPs rs8057341-A was related with resistance to leprosy and the haplotype rs2111234-G, rs3135499-A and rs8057341-G SNPs was related with susceptibility in the Norte de Santander Colombia, studied population.

Tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio con el uso de la clonidina / Clonidine treatment in postoperatory pain

En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto de la clonidina, un agonista alfa 2 adrenérgico en la analgesia post-operatoria por vía intratecal y epidural en 60 pacientes asa 1 y 11, en edades comprendidas entre 18 a 70 años de ambos sexos programados para cirugías electivas. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente de la siguiente manera: Grupo control: 15 pacientes lidocaina al 2 por ciento 400mg vía peridural. Grupo II: 15 pacientes lidocaina al 2 por ciento 390 mg más clonidina 0.3 cc vía peridural. Grupo III: 15 pacientes lidocaina hiperbarica al 5 por ciento 2cc (100mg) más clonidina 1cc (150mcg). Grupo IV: 15 pacientes lidocaina hiperbarica al 5 por ciento 2cc (100mg) más solución salina al 0.9 por ciento...

Intubación precoz con el uso del bromuro de rocuronio / Precocious Intubación with the use of the bro rocuronio

Presenta este estudio con 30 pacientes que se operaron en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo y ameritaban anestesia general; indiferente de su patología, sexo y edad. Se midieron peso, signos vitales, y se colocó un neuroestimulador en la región cubital de la muñeca. La inducción se realizó con Thalamonal, Midazolan, Propofal y Rocuronio valorando la relajación por medio de la escala de Cooper, la cual incluye relajación mandibular, abertura de cuerdas vocales, y respuesta del paciente a la intubación; cada uno tiene su respectiva puntuación. Además se usó neuroestimulador periférico, que indica el índice de relajación del paciente; enviando un estímulo c/115". Luego se procedió a intubar a los 90". Se observó que de los 30 pacientes, 27 estuvieron en buenas condiciones para ser intubados ya que presentaron el 50xcto de relajación, que facilitó una entubación endotraqueal rápida y segura.