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1.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 12(5): 101752, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34134063

RESUMO

Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis are members of the Anaplasmataceae family that cause disease in dogs and are mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus species group ticks. We performed a cross-sectional study on these pathogens across six bioclimatic regions of Chile, including 719 free-ranging rural dogs, 132 Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus), and 82 South American gray foxes (Lycalopex griseus). Dog and fox blood samples were first screened for DNA of Anaplasmataceae followed by two Ehrlichia-specific protocols. Antibodies against Anaplasma sp. and E. canis were assessed by immunofluorescence in dogs. Ectoparasites were collected and identified, with the determination of the lineages of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species group by molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Finally, potential risk factors for infection were investigated across the different bioclimatic regions and host species. All DNA amplicons obtained from the screening protocol corresponded to Anaplasma platys. The occurrence of both A. platys DNA and antibodies was confirmed in all six bioclimatic regions, except for regions at high altitude and/or without either R. sanguineus species group lineage present. Dogs infested with R. sanguineus ticks were significantly more prone to be infected and exposed to Anaplasma spp. Prevalence of DNA was significantly higher in juvenile (19%) than in adult dogs (9%), whereas the opposite was found for seroprevalence (19% versus 35%, respectively). Overall prevalence of A. platys DNA was higher in dogs (11%) than in foxes (4%), probably owing to markedly lower tick infestations in the foxes. Ehrlichia canis DNA was not detected in any sample, and antibodies against this pathogen were detected only in four dogs, in areas with both R. sanguineus lineages present. Free-ranging dogs in Chile could be favoring the maintenance of A. platys in all areas suitable for its tick vector. Although apparently infrequent, spillovers from dogs to foxes may be taking place and should be considered in management plans in Chile.


Assuntos
Anaplasmataceae , Carnívoros/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Rickettsiaceae/veterinária , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmataceae/genética , Anaplasmataceae/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/sangue , Vetores Aracnídeos/microbiologia , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Ehrlichia canis/isolamento & purificação , Ehrlichiose/epidemiologia , Raposas/microbiologia , Genes Bacterianos , Filogenia , Prevalência , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/microbiologia , Infecções por Rickettsiaceae/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterinária
2.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-300090

RESUMO

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>The aim of this review was to describe the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis and management of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>We reviewed the tomographic characteristics of the eyes affected by RAP seen at our institution and imaged by OCT. Some eyes with RAP were also studied with OCT prior to and after laser treatment to determine the tomographic changes following laser photocoagulation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this preliminary report, OCT showed a typical pattern of structural changes in RAP: increased foveal thickness, cystoid macular oedema (CME) consisting of large central cysts and smaller cystoid spaces located mainly in the outer retinal layers, serous retinal detachment and a highly reflective intraretinal mass overlying a highly or moderately elevated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This mass corresponded to the hot spot observed on ICG angiography. After successful laser photocoagulation, significant decrease in foveal thickness, complete resolution of CME and retinal detachment with thinning of the neurosensory retina overlying the treated area could be observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OCT appears to be useful in evaluating and documenting RAP in AMD patients both before and after laser photocoagulation. Longitudinal studies are required to determine its exact place and utility in clinical practice.</p>


Assuntos
Humanos , Angiomatose , Patologia , Cirurgia Geral , Fotocoagulação a Laser , Degeneração Macular , Doenças Retinianas , Patologia , Cirurgia Geral , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica
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