RESUMO
OBJECTIVES:: Brain maturation differs depending on the area of the brain and sex. Girls show an earlier peak in maturation of the prefrontal cortex. Although differences between adult females and males with schizophrenia have been widely studied, there has been less research in girls and boys with psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in verbal and visual memory, verbal working memory, auditory attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility between boys and girls. METHODS:: We compared a group of 80 boys and girls with first-episode psychosis to a group of controls. RESULTS:: We found interactions between group and sex in verbal working memory (p = 0.04) and auditory attention (p = 0.01). The female controls showed better working memory (p = 0.01) and auditory attention (p = 0.001) than males. However, we did not find any sex differences in working memory (p = 0.91) or auditory attention (p = 0.93) in the psychosis group. CONCLUSIONS:: These results are consistent with the presence of sex-modulated cognitive profiles at first presentation of early-onset psychosis.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Psicologia do EsquizofrênicoRESUMO
Objectives: Brain maturation differs depending on the area of the brain and sex. Girls show an earlier peak in maturation of the prefrontal cortex. Although differences between adult females and males with schizophrenia have been widely studied, there has been less research in girls and boys with psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in verbal and visual memory, verbal working memory, auditory attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility between boys and girls. Methods: We compared a group of 80 boys and girls with first-episode psychosis to a group of controls. Results: We found interactions between group and sex in verbal working memory (p = 0.04) and auditory attention (p = 0.01). The female controls showed better working memory (p = 0.01) and auditory attention (p = 0.001) than males. However, we did not find any sex differences in working memory (p = 0.91) or auditory attention (p = 0.93) in the psychosis group. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the presence of sex-modulated cognitive profiles at first presentation of early-onset psychosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Memória de Curto Prazo , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
Los anticonvulsivantes, como la Carbamacepina y el Valproato sódico, se han utilizado desde hace décadas, para el tratamiento de diferentes patologías psiquiátricas; especialmente, en los trastornos afectivos, y los trastornos de personalidad. Recientemente, se han comercializado nuevos antiepilépticos como la Oxcarbacepina y el Topiramato. El presento artículo revisa las propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas de estos dos productos, los principales estudios publicados sobre su efectividad en el manejo del trastorno bipolar y trastorno del control de los impulsos, con resultados prometedores aunque en muestras aún muy pequeñas, sus probables indicaciones terapéuticas, y sus efectos adversos más comunes. (AU)
