RESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease, determined by genetic, environmental and lifestyle-associated risk factors. Genetic (inherited) factors have great influence on its development; however, most cases of CRC are sporadic and gradually develop over several years. The main environmental risk factors are associated with b-catenin signaling pathway, including obesity, lack of physical activity, consumption of red and processed meats, alcoholism, and smoking. The pathway is related to cell homeostasis regulation and cell self-renewal during embryogenesis and adulthood. The main recommendation for preventing the development of CRC is to reduce the risk factors, increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and grains, exercise regularly and limit the consumption of both alcohol and tobacco. However, family history and the presence of a hereditary syndrome increase the risk, which is why carrying out periodic examinations to detect CRC is suggested, using development predictors such as biochemical and molecular markers, which are discussed in this work.
El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una enfermedad compleja determinada por factores de riesgo genéticos, ambientales y de estilo de vida. Los factores genéticos (hereditarios) tienen gran influencia en su desarrollo, sin embargo, la mayoría de los casos de CCR son esporádicos y se desarrollan gradualmente a lo largo de varios años. Los principales factores ambientales de riesgo están asociados a la vía de señalización de ß-catenina, entre ellos obesidad, falta de actividad física, consumo de carnes rojas y procesadas, alcoholismo y tabaquismo. La vía está relacionada con la regulación de la homeostasis celular, autorrenovación celular durante la embriogénesis y edad adulta. La principal recomendación para evitar el desarrollo del CCR es reducir los factores de riesgo, aumentar el consumo de frutas, verduras y granos, hacer ejercicio de manera rutinaria y limitar el consumo tanto de alcohol como de tabaco. Dado que los antecedentes familiares y la presencia de un síndrome hereditario aumentan el riesgo, se sugiere hacer exámenes periódicos para detectar CCR y emplear predictores del desarrollo como los marcadores bioquímicos y moleculares, los cuales se presentan en este trabajo.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade/complicações , Transdução de Sinais , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
Resumen El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una enfermedad compleja determinada por factores de riesgo genéticos, ambientales y de estilo de vida. Los factores genéticos (hereditarios) tienen gran influencia en su desarrollo, sin embargo, la mayoría de los casos de CCR son esporádicos y se desarrollan gradualmente a lo largo de varios años. Los principales factores ambientales de riesgo están asociados a la vía de señalización de β-catenina, entre ellos obesidad, falta de actividad física, consumo de carnes rojas y procesadas, alcoholismo y tabaquismo. La vía está relacionada con la regulación de la homeostasis celular, autorrenovación celular durante la embriogénesis y edad adulta. La principal recomendación para evitar el desarrollo del CCR es reducir los factores de riesgo, aumentar el consumo de frutas, verduras y granos, hacer ejercicio de manera rutinaria y limitar el consumo tanto de alcohol como de tabaco. Dado que los antecedentes familiares y la presencia de un síndrome hereditario aumentan el riesgo, se sugiere hacer exámenes periódicos para detectar CCR y emplear predictores del desarrollo como los marcadores bioquímicos y moleculares, los cuales se presentan en este trabajo.
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease, determined by genetic, environmental and lifestyle-associated risk factors. Genetic (inherited) factors have great influence on its development; however, most cases of CRC are sporadic and gradually develop over several years. The main environmental risk factors are associated with β-catenin signaling pathway, including obesity, lack of physical activity, consumption of red and processed meats, alcoholism, and smoking. The pathway is related to cell homeostasis regulation and cell self-renewal during embryogenesis and adulthood. The main recommendation for preventing the development of CRC is to reduce the risk factors, increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and grains, exercise regularly and limit the consumption of both alcohol and tobacco. However, family history and the presence of a hereditary syndrome increase the risk, which is why carrying out periodic examinations to detect CRC is suggested, using development predictors such as biochemical and molecular markers, which are discussed in this work.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the correlation between indices of diet quality (DQIs), insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) and resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference (WHR) and body mass (BMI) and the alleles and genotypes of the TJP1 SNP rs2291166 and the VNTR of ATXN2 in adolescent patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The study enrolled 85 subjects aged 10-20years, from the city of Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, recruited in the period 2017-2018. DQIs, BMI, WHR, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and diet quality index were measured. The rs2291166 polymorphism in TJP1 was determined by allele-specific PCR and the (CAG)n expansion in ATXN2 was determined by hot start PCR. PCR products were analyzed using 8% PAGE electrophoresis and silver nitrate staining. RESULTS: A correlation was found of indices DQIs, HOMA-IR, WHR and BMI with the heterozygous genotype of the TJP1 SNP rs2291166 and the long and short repeats of the ATXN2 CAG repeat in obese adolescent patients. A very strong positive correlation was seen between the TJP1 SNP and the HOMA-IR index (P<.05). A positive correlation was also found between the ATXN2 CAG repeat and the QUICKI index (P=.000) (P<.05), while the DQIs index correlated more closely with BMI and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: DQIs, TJP1 SNP rs2291166, and ATXN2 CAG repeat are determinants of obesity-related risk parameters such as BMI, WHR, QUICKI, and HOMA-IR in the adolescent population analyzed.
