El protagonismo de la familia en la atención temprana de niños y niñas con Síndrome de Down, Chile / The role of the family in the early care of children with Down's Syndrome, Chile / O papel da família no cuidado precoce de crianças com síndrome de Down, Chile

Resumen (descriptivo) Se presenta un modelo de intervención en atención temprana en niños y niñas con SD, inscribiéndose en el enfoque de derechos y la perspectiva de la educación inclusiva en primera infancia. Para abordar las necesidades educativo-sanitarias especiales de estos niños y niñas, de entre 0 y 4 años, se diseña un programa de intervención asociado al grado de discapacidad cognitiva-afectiva-relacional previamente diagnosticado. El seguimiento se desarrolla en un taller de acompañamiento con progenitores y en atenciones con los niños y niñas en un centro universitario de atención temprana. Este programa entrega a la familia herramientas para constituirse en agentes activos de cuidado en el proceso de desarrollo y aprendizaje de sus hijos e hijas. Se evidencian sus resultados y las propuestas de mejora que provienen de progenitores y cuidadores. Palabras clave: Atención temprana, Síndrome de Down, enfoque de derechos, discapacidad, familia. Tesauro de Ciencias Sociales de la Unesco, Iresie.

Abstract (descriptive) An intervention model for Early Childhood Assistance (ECA) is presented for children with Down's Syndrome. This is based on a human rights approach and an inclusive early childhood education perspective. To address the special educational and health needs of children with Down's Syndrome between the ages of 1 and 4 years, an intervention program based on the previously diagnosed degree of cognitive-affective-relational disability was designed. The follow-up session is carried out during a workshop with parents and in a practical session with the children at an ECA university center. This program gives families tools to become active agents in the process of their children's learning and development. The results of this work and the improvement proposals developed by the parents and caregivers themselves are described in the article. Keywords: Early attention, Down's syndrome, rights approach, disability, family.

Resumo (descritivo) Apresenta-se um modelo de intervenção em Atenção Precoce em crianças com síndrome de Down, registrado na abordagem dos direitos humanos e perspectiva da educação inclusiva na primeira infância. Para atender às necessidades educacionais e de saúde especiais destas crianças, com idades entre 1 e 4 anos, um programa de intervenção associada com o grau de deficiência relacional-afetivo-cognitiva é desenhado previamente e diagnosticado. O monitoramento ocorre em uma oficina de acompanhamento com os pais e os cuidados com as crianças em uma universidade atenção precoce. Este programa fornece ferramentas familiares para se tornarem agentes ativos no processo de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem dos seus filhos. Resultados e propostas de melhorias que vêm dos mesmos pais e cuidadores são evidentes. Palavras-chave: Atenção precoce; síndrome de Down; enfoque de direitos; deficiencia; família.

Low educational attainment is still associated with late melanoma diagnosis: A cross-sectional study from a European setting with universal healthcare.

BACKGROUND: An early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma remains determinant for improved survival. Low educational attainment has been associated with a late-stage diagnosis in settings where access to healthcare is restricted. Little evidence is available from regions with universal healthcare. We aimed at analysing whether educational attainment was associated with Breslow thickness at diagnosis in a peripheral European region with universal healthcare (in the Canary Islands, Spain). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with prospectively collected data (2010-2017). Patients were recruited at diagnosis, and information about Breslow thickness, age at diagnosis, gender, highest educational attainment and site of melanoma were registered. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Low educational attainment was associated with thicker tumours at diagnosis. The association remained true after adjustment for age, gender and site of melanoma. In the multivariate analysis, tumours diagnosed in patients with low educational attainment were on average 1.08 mm thicker (95% confidence interval: 0.36-1.81; p = 0.003) than those diagnosed in patients with high educational attainment. CONCLUSION: Public health strategies targeting this vulnerable group are currently needed in the Canary Islands (Spain).