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1.
Salud ment ; 44(1): 25-30, Jan.-Feb. 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290051

RESUMO

Abstract Background A relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity has been consistently documented. Obesity and metabolic syndrome have been associated with misalignment between daily activities and circadian rhythm. ADHD patients have a high prevalence of delayed sleep phase syndrome, which is a circadian rhythm disorder. Understanding this relationship is important for the evaluation of obese population at risk. Objective The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the information updated until 2019 about the role of circadian rhythms in obese ADHD individuals. Method A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database. The terms ADHD, obesity, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, adolescent, adult, Adolesc, circadian, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and child were combined with logical functions. Results A total of 132 articles were reviewed. Evidence showed that ADHD subjects have an increased risk to present obesity and circadian rhythms disorders. Some possible pathways for this relationship have been hypothesized including obesity as a risk factor, an underpinned common biological dysfunction, and behavioral and cognitive features of individuals with ADHD. As most of the articles are methodologically cross-sectional, it is not possible to establish causative associations. Discussion and conclusion This review points out the importance of early recognizing and treating circadian rhythms disorders and obesity in ADHD patients. Future studies must be carried out with a longitudinal design to establish the effect of each comorbidity in the treatment of individuals with ADHD.


Resumen Antecedentes La relación entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y la obesidad se ha documentado consistentemente. Por otro lado, el síndrome metabólico y la obesidad se han asociado con un desfase del ritmo circadiano. En poblaciones clínicas con TDAH se han encontrado una alta prevalencia del trastorno de fase de sueño retrasada, el cual es un trastorno del ritmo circadiano. Entender la relación entre estos padecimientos es importante para evaluar la población en riesgo de obesidad. Objetivo Resumir la información actualizada hasta 2019 sobre el rol del ritmo circadiano en individuos obesos con TDAH. Método Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y Google Scholar. Los términos TDAH, obesidad, ritmos circadianos, trastornos del sueño, adolescentes, adultos y niños se combinaron con operadores lógicos. Resultados Se revisaron un total de 132 artículos. La evidencia demostró que los sujetos con TDAH tienen un alto riesgo de sufrir obesidad y ritmos circadianos alterados. Existen algunas hipótesis para establecer esta relación, incluyendo la obesidad como factor de riesgo para TDAH, la disfunción biológica común entre estos trastornos y las características conductuales y cognitivas de los individuos con TDAH. Sin embargo, como la mayoría de los artículos son transversales, no es posible establecer una asociación causal. Discusión y conclusión Esta revisión señala la importancia del reconocimiento temprano y tratamiento de los trastornos del ritmo circadiano y obesidad en pacientes con TDAH. Estudios futuros deben realizarse de manera longitudinal para establecer el efecto de estas comorbilidades en el tratamiento de los individuos con TDAH.

2.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(4)oct.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093847

RESUMO

Introducción: A finales de la segunda década del siglo XX, entre los años 1918 y 1919, a nivel mundial se propagó la pandemia de influenza que se conoce como gripe española. En Cuba causó una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, lo que motivó una gran preocupación en la población y las autoridades sanitarias del país. Objetivos: Caracterizar la epidemia de gripe de 1918-1919 en Cuba a partir del análisis de los documentos que se conservan sobre su evolución y medidas preventivas. Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa a partir del análisis documental como procedimientos para la aplicación del método teórico histórico-lógico. Se revisaron estadísticas, artículos, directrices y planes de enfrentamiento a la epidemia, de la dirección de Sanidad, e informes sobre su control. Resultados: Entre 1918 y 1920, se reportó la mayor mortalidad en Cuba por gripe. La morbilidad se recoge desde 1942, con cifra mayor en 1957 (tasa de 1419.86 x 105 habitantes), 1951 (6.92 x 105 habitantes), 1947 (5.88 x 105 habitantes). La mortalidad más elevada correspondió a los años 1918- 1920 (193,92 x 105 habitantes; 50,11 y 47,46). Conclusiones: La epidemia de gripe de 1918, causó en Cuba una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, se elaboraron planes adecuados de contingencia para frenarla, de acuerdo a su naturaleza y al desarrollo de los conocimientos científicos del momento(AU)


Introduction: At the end of the second decade of the 20th century, between the years 1918 and 1919, there was a global outbreak of influenza known as Spanish flu. In Cuba, it caused a high morbidity and mortality, which led to a great concern in the population and the health authorities of the country. Objective: To characterize the 1918-1919´s influenza epidemic in Cuba by analysing the documents preserved on its evolution and preventive measures. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out by performing a documentary analysis as a procedure for the implementation of the historical-logical theoretical method. There were reviewed statistics, articles, guidelines and plans of confrontation to the epidemic, and also reports on its control issued by the Health´s Directorate. Results: The epidemic was intense until early 1919; then it had some outbreaks with a relative frequency, but in a most benign form, until 1920. The morbidity data have records from 1942, with higher figures in 1957 (rate of 1419,86 x 105 inhabitants); 1951 (6.92 x 105 inhabitants); 1947 (5.88 x 105 inhabitants). The higher mortality rate corresponded to the years 1918-1920 (193.92 x 105 inhabitants; 50.11 and 47.46, respectively). Conclusions: The 1918´s Influenza Epidemic caused in Cuba a high morbidity and mortality. Adequate contingency plans were developed to halt it, according to its nature and the development of scientific knowledge at the time(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/história , Influenza Pandêmica, 1918-1919/história , Influenza Pandêmica, 1918-1919/mortalidade , Cuba
3.
Cir Esp ; 84(4): 221-5, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18928773

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The respiratory system still continues to be a common place which deteriorates in HIV patients. Among the signs and symptoms, is the occurrence of a pneumothorax due to trauma and infections and is a cause of aggravation for these patients. The present study attempts to identify and characterise the behaviour of a group of variables in HIV patients with this complication. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An observational, descriptive case series study was carried out. The desired variables were obtained from clinical records. RESULTS: Of the total number, 91.67% were males, and the mean age was 32.17 years. The main causes of pneumothorax were infections, particularly due to Pneumocystis jirovecii and deep venous catheterisation. A persistent statistically significant air leak was present in 33.3% of patients and two cases of pleural sepsis. Four patients died, all with acute respiratory failure and bacterial bronchopneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: The majority were males in the third decade of life, AIDS patients. The main causes of the pneumothorax were infections and catheterisation of the subclavian vein. Immunodepression played a significant prognostic role in the progression and outcome of the patient. Minimum pleurotomy continues to be the first treatment option in these patients, due to their precarious general state which contraindicates a major procedure. The most frequent complication was the persistent air leak, being a significant indicator of a poor prognosis in the progress of these patients. Causes of death such as acute respiratory failure and bilateral bronchopneumonia prevailed.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Broncopneumonia/etiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Pneumocystis carinii , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/etiologia , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Broncopneumonia/mortalidade , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Masculino , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/mortalidade , Pneumotórax/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Cir Esp ; 84(4)Oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-39747

RESUMO

Introducción. El sistema respiratorio continúa siendo un sitio común de deterioro en los pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Entre sus manifestaciones está el neumotórax por causas traumáticas e infecciosas y que es una causa de agravamiento para estos pacientes. El presente estudio pretende identificar y caracterizar el comportamiento de un conjunto de variables en pacientes con VIH con esta complicación. Material y método. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo del tipo de serie de casos. De los registros clínicos se obtuvieron las variables deseadas. Resultados. El 91,67por ciento eran varones, la media de edad fue 32,17 años. Las principales causas del neumotórax fueron infecciosas, particularmente neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii y cateterismo venoso profundo. El 33,3 por ciento de los pacientes presentó fuga de aire persistente (con significación estadística) y 2 casos, sepsis pleural. Fallecieron 4 pacientes, todos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y bronconeumonía bacteriana. Conclusiones. Fueron mayoría los varones en la tercera década de la vida, enfermos de sida. Las principales causas de neumotórax fueron las infecciosas y la cateterización de la vena subclavia. La inmunodeficiencia tuvo un papel pronóstico relevante en la evolución y el desenlace del enfermo. La pleurostomía mínima sigue siendo la primera opción de tratamiento en estos pacientes debido a un precario estado general que contraindica un proceder mayor. La complicación más frecuente fue la fuga de aire persistente, que fue significativa como factor de mal pronóstico en la evolución de los pacientes. Prevalecieron, como causas de muerte, la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y la bronconeumonía bacteriana bilateral(AU)


Introduction. The respiratory system is still a common site of damage in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among its manifestations are pneumothorax traumatic and infectious causes and that is a cause of worsening in these patients. This study aims to identify and characterize the behavior of a set of variables in HIV patients with this complication. Materials and methods. We performed an observational study describing the type of case series. From the clinical records were obtained the desired variables. Results. The 91.67 percent were male, mean age was 32.17 years. The main causes of pneumothorax were infectious, particularly Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and deep venous catheterization. 33.3 percent of patients had persistent air leak (with statistical significance) and 2 cases, pleural sepsis. 4 patients died, all with acute respiratory failure and bacterial bronchopneumonia. Conclusions. Most were men in the third decade of life, sick with AIDS. The main causes of pneumothorax were infectious and catheterization of the subclavian vein. Immunodeficiency had forecast a significant role in the evolution and outcome of the patient. The minimum pleurostomía remains the first choice of treatment in these patients due to a poor general state contraindicate a couple proceed. The most frequent complication was persistent air leak, which was significant as a factor of poor prognosis in the evolution of patients. Prevailed, as causes of death, acute respiratory failure and bilateral bacterial bronchopneumonia(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Broncopneumonia/etiologia , Broncopneumonia/mortalidade , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Pneumotórax/etiologia
5.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 84(4): 221-225, oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67914

RESUMO

Introducción. El sistema respiratorio continúa siendo un sitio común de deterioro en los pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Entre sus manifestaciones está el neumotórax por causas traumáticas e infecciosas y que es una causa de agravamiento para estos pacientes. El presente estudio pretende identificar y caracterizar el comportamiento de un conjunto de variables en pacientes con VIH con esta complicación. Material y método. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo del tipo de serie de casos. De los registros clínicos se obtuvieron las variables deseadas. Resultados. El 91,67% eran varones, la media de edad fue 32,17 años. Las principales causas del neumotórax fueron infecciosas, particularmente neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii y cateterismo venoso profundo. El 33,3% de los pacientes presentó fuga de aire persistente (con significación estadística) y 2 casos, sepsis pleural. Fallecieron 4 pacientes, todos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y bronconeumonía bacteriana. Conclusiones. Fueron mayoría los varones en la tercera década de la vida, enfermos de sida. Las principales causas de neumotórax fueron las infecciosas y la cateterización de la vena subclavia. La inmunodeficiencia tuvo un papel pronóstico relevante en la evolución y el desenlace del enfermo. La pleurostomía mínima sigue siendo la primera opción de tratamiento en estos pacientes debido a un precario estado general que contraindica un proceder mayor. La complicación más frecuente fue la fuga de aire persistente, que fue significativa como factor de mal pronóstico en la evolución de los pacientes. Prevalecieron, como causas de muerte, la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y la bronconeumonía bacteriana bilateral (AU)


Introduction. The respiratory system still continues to be a common place which deteriorates in HIV patients. Among the signs and symptoms, is the occurrence of a pneumothorax due to trauma and infections and is a cause of aggravation for these patients. The present study attempts to identify and characterise the behaviour of a group of variables in HIV patients with this complication. Material and method. An observational, descriptive case series study was carried out. The desired variables were obtained from clinical records. Results. Of the total number, 91.67% were males, and the mean age was 32.17 years. The main causes of pneumothorax were infections, particularly due to Pneumocystis jirovecii and deep venous catheterisation. A persistent statistically significant air leak was present in 33.3% of patients and two cases of pleural sepsis. Four patients died, all with acute respiratory failure and bacterial bronchopneumonia. Conclusions. The majority were males in the third decade of life, AIDS patients. The main causes of the pneumothorax were infections and catheterisation of the subclavian vein. Immunodepression played a significant prognostic role in the progression and outcome of the patient. Minimum pleurotomy continues to be the first treatment option in these patients, due to their precarious general state which contraindicates a major procedure. The most frequent complication was the persistent air leak, being a significant indicator of a poor prognosis in the progress of these patients. Causes of death such as acute respiratory failure and bilateral bronchopneumonia prevailed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumotórax/complicações , Pneumotórax/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Broncopneumonia/complicações , Pneumocystis carinii/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Sinais e Sintomas , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Pneumocystis carinii/patogenicidade , Broncopneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumotórax/cirurgia , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/complicações , Infecções por Pneumocystis/complicações , Insuficiência Respiratória/complicações , Insuficiência Respiratória/mortalidade
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