Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health among parents play a crucial role in shaping oral hygiene and preventing early childhood caries. This study was intended to determine the effect of a neuroeducational strategy in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to early childhood caries among mothers or caregivers of children. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, implementing an educational strategy involving 33 mothers or female caregivers of children who met specific selection criteria. The strategy consisted of three key elements derived from neuroeducation: (1) experiment, (2) surprise and play, and (3) learn. Based on the participants' attendance at the sessions, they were categorized into two groups: those who underwent in-person intervention (G1) and those who received a combined in-person and virtual intervention (G2). The impact of the strategy was evaluated by comparing the participants' knowledge and attitudes, as well as their children's plaque index, before and after the intervention (immediate and 6-month impact). RESULTS: The participants exhibited a favorable and statistically significant effect on the median number of correct answers related to knowledge (G1 immediate effect (IE): p = 0.03, 6-month effect (ME): p = 0.002; G2 IE p = 0.002, ME: p = 0.001), and in the children's plaque index (G1 IE: p = 0.003, ME: p = 0.003; G2 IE: p = 0.033, ME: p = 0.003). Furthermore, there was an increase in the number of participants with a high level of knowledge (G1 IE: 41.5%; ME: 75%; G2 IE: 45.5%, ME: 42.9%), and of children with a good level of oral hygiene (G1 IE: 50%; ME: 73.0%; G2 IE: 27.3%, ME: 84.6%). Finally, qualitative interviews revealed a lasting clarity in concepts and sustained knowledge and attitudes at the six-month mark. However, a slightly diminished understanding of the relationship between bacteria, sugar, and caries was observed in G2 group, and some loss of association in the G1 group, at six months. CONCLUSION: The implementation of this strategy resulted in significant and lasting impacts on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, especially in the G1 group. Nevertheless, there is a need for further reinforcement of the association between bacteria, sugar, and caries.

Does high sugar intake really alter the oral microbiota?: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Diet is one of the main factors influencing the diversity and interactions of the oral microbiota. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of sugar intake on the microbial diversity and bacteria that predominate under these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and combinations of the words "microbiota," "microbiology," "bacteria," "sugars," "dysbiosis," "caries," "microbiome," "oral microbial," and "oral microbiota profile pattern." The selection criteria included year, language, type of publication, comparison of microbiota during low and high sugar intake, and bacterial identification by molecular sequencing of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA. RESULTS: Out of a total of 374 papers that came up after the initial search, 8 met the criteria for this review. The papers included research on populations comprising children, young adults, and adults, with most of the studies reporting selection criteria for the participants and using validated instruments to determine sugar intake. Apart from one study, all others reported for high sugar intake conditions a significant decrease in microbial diversity of the oral microbiome and the predominance of several bacterial genera or species, including Streptococcus, Scardovia, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS: Sugar-rich diets have a significantly unfavorable effect on the diversity and balance of oral microbiota; however, further studies are required to determine the exact role of sugar in microbial interactions.

Éxito de la ortopedia prequirúrgica en pacientes con labio fisurado y paladar hendido ­ Revisión de alcance / Sucesso pré-cirúrgico em ortopedia em pacientes com fissura de labio e palato - Revisão da abordagem / Pre-surgical orthopedics success in patients with cleft lip and cleft palate - Scoping review

Resumen: Kerr McNeil, protesista escocés introdujo la ortopedia maxilar neonatal hace más de dos siglos, fue así que sugirió inicialmente que la reposición de los segmentos maxilares mediante aparatos ortopédicos producía una maxila aparentemente normal. Se han descrito distintos tipos de aparatología ortopédica prequirúgica, divididos en tres categorías: activos, semiactivos y pasivos. Objetivo: Realizar una búsqueda de la literatura en bases de datos indexadas sobre el éxito de la ortopedia prequirúrgica en pacientes con labio fisurado y paladar hendido. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda computarizada en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, PROQUEST, COCHRANE, OVIDSP SCOPUS, Y MEDLINE. Los buscadores booleanos utilizados en las diferentes bases de datos fueron OR, AND, NOT. Resultados: Trece artículos cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y se incluyeron en esta revisión, 4 son estudios observacionales descriptivos longitudinales y prospectivos, 5 son reportes de casos clínicos, 1 es en estudio retrospectivo, 1 es una revisión Cochrane, 2 son casos y controles; el uso de la ortopedia dependía del caso de extensión y severidad según la fisura labiopalatina y el tiempo de uso debía ser desde el momento del nacimiento del bebé hasta los 3 meses de vida. Conclusión:La ortopedia prequirúrgica es exitosa si se usa desde el momento del nacimiento y hasta los tres meses de vida, ofreciendo resultados satisfactorios y de manera eficaz disminuyendo la hendidura palatina, la deformidad nasal y la fisura labial antes de practicar la queilorrafia y la palatorrafia.

Resumo: Kerr McNeil, um protesista escocês introduziu a ortopedia maxilar neonatal há dois séculos, estabelecendo o conceito de uso de peças ortopédicas para produzir uma maxila mais natural. Três tipos diferentes de ortopedia pré-cirúrgica foram descritos. São eles: ativo, semi-ativo e passivo. Objetivo: Realizar uma pesquisa em dados indexados sobre o sucesso do tratamento ortopédico pré-cirúrgico em pacientes com quadro de fissura labiopalatina. Metodologia: Foi realizada pesquisa informatizada em bancos de dados eletrônicos como: PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, PROQUEST, COCHRANE, OVIDSP SCOPUS e MEDLINE. As pesquisas booleanas utilizadas nas bases de dados múltiplas foram OR, AND, NOT. Resultados: Treze artigos atenderam aos padrões de elegibilidade e foram incluídos nesta revisão. 4 (quatro) deles são estudos observacionais descritivos, longitudinais e prospectivos. 5 (cinco) são relatórios clínicos, 1 (um) é um estudo retrospectivo, 1 (um) é uma revisão Cochrane e 2 (dois) são casos clínicos e check ups. A implantação do tratamento ortopédico dependeu do tipo de extensão dos casos e da gravidade da fenda palatina. Conclusão: a ortopedia pré-cirúrgica tem sucesso se implementada ao nascimento até os 3 meses de idade. Assegura resultados satisfatórios diminuindo consideravelmente a fenda palatina, a malformação nasal e a fenda labial antes da realização dos procedimentos de Queilorrafia e Palatorrafia

Kerr McNeil, Scottish prosthetic introduced the Neonatal maxillary orthopedics two centuries ago setting the concept of using orthopedic parts to. Three different types of pre-surgical orthopedics have been described. These are: active, semi-active and passive. Objective: Perform a research in indexed data regarding the success of pre-surgical orthopedics treatment in patients with a condition of cleft lip and cleft palate. Methodology: A computer based research was performed at electronic data bases such as: PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, PROQUEST, COCHRANE, OVIDSP SCOPUS, and MEDLINE. The Booleans researches used in the multiples data bases were OR, AND, NOT. Findings: Thirteen papers met the eligibility standards and were included in this review. 4 (four) of them are descriptive, longitudinal and prospective observational studies. 5 (five) are clinic reports, 1 (one) is a retrospective study, 1 (one) is a Cochrane review, and 2 (two) are clinic cases and check ups. The orthopedics treatment implementation depended on the kind of extension cases and severity of the cleft palate. Conclusion: the pre-surgical orthopedics is successful if it is implemented at birth up to 3 months of age. It assures satisfactory results decreasing considerably cleft palate, nasal malformation, and cleft lip before performing Cheilorrhaphy and Palatorrhaphy procedures. Key words: Cleft lip, cleft palate, orthopedic surgery, palatal obturators, nose deformities