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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on corpus callosum (CC) morphometry in patients with TLE. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey between November 2010 and December 2013. The epileptic syndrome diagnosis was based on International League Against Epilepsy criteria, and this study was conducted on the MRIs of 25 epilepsy patients and 25 control subjects. We classified the patients according to their duration of epilepsy: <10 and >/=10 years. The projection area length (PAL) of the CC was also estimated. Total brain volumes (TBV) were measured on CT images. RESULTS: The mean values of TBV for patients with TLE and the control group were not statistically different, but the CC PAL values were statistically different. The mean CC PAL values of under and over 25 years of age in patients with TLE were statistically different. The mean values of TBV of under and over 10 years duration of TLE were small statistically, but the CC PAL values were statistically different. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a clear influence of TLE on the structure of the CC rather than TBV.
Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/patologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against arsenic-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat testes. A total of 27 male rats were divided into 3 groups: control (saline: 5 ml kg(-1) day(-1), intragastrically), arsenic (sodium arsenite (NaAsO2): 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), intragastrically), and arsenic + melatonin (sodium arsenite (NaAsO2): 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), intragastrically and melatonin: 25 mg kg(-1) day(-1), intraperitoneally) group. At the end of 30 days, the rats were killed under anesthesia. Histopathological examination showed that testicular injury mediated by arsenic was ameliorated by the administration of melatonin. The number of apoptotic germ cell was increased, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive germ cell was decreased in testis after arsenic administration. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling, and there was a rise in the expression of PCNA in testis of arsenic + melatonin group. The decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as increased malondialdehyde levels in testis due to arsenic administration were also counteracted by melatonin. These data suggested that melatonin has beneficial effects against arsenic-induced testicular damage by decreasing morphological damage, germ cell apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Our results suggest that melatonin plays a protective role against arsenic-induced testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Arsênio/toxicidade , Melatonina/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Arsenitos/toxicidade , Catalase/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Nucleotidilexotransferase/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/genética , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Compostos de Sódio/toxicidade , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Doenças Testiculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Testiculares/tratamento farmacológico , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
We aimed to investigate the protective role of thymoquinone (TQ) by targeting its antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties against kidney damage induced by arsenic in rats. We have used the 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into three groups. Physiological serum in 10 mL/kg dose as intragastric was given to the control group. Sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg, intragastric by gavage for fifteen days) was given to the arsenic group. Sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg, intragastric by gavage for fifteen days) and TQ (10 mg/kg, intragastric by gavage for 15 days) was given to the arsenic + TQ group. After 15 days, the animals' kidneys were taken theirs, then we have performed histological and apoptotic assessment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have examined as the oxidative stress parameters. We have determined the levels of arsenic. Increased renal injury and apoptotic cells have been detected in the arsenic group. Degenerative changes in the arsenic + TQ group were diminished. Although the MDA levels were augmented in the arsenic group, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activities were lessened than the other groups. Our findings suggest that TQ may impede the oxidative stress, the cells have been damaged and also the generation of apoptotic cells arisen from arsenic. TQ plays a protective role against arsenic-induced toxicity in kidney and may potentially be used as a remedial agent.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Intoxicação por Arsênico/complicações , Benzoquinonas/uso terapêutico , Nefropatias/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arsênio/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Arsênico/enzimologia , Intoxicação por Arsênico/patologia , Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Rim/enzimologia , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/enzimologia , Nefropatias/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Control group was given only saline by intragastric gavage. DOX group received DOX at the dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 28. DOX-ω-3 FA group was given as ω-3 FAs at the dose of 400 mg/kg daily by intragastric gavage for 30 days and received DOX at the dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 28. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, the serum, liver and kidney tissue specimens were taken from the animals by giving a general anesthesia. Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and GSH and MDA levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver and kidney tissues were measured spectrophotometrically. In our study, a significant increase in MDA levels was observed in rats when given a dose of DOX and a significant decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum, liver and kidney tissues was determined when compared with control group. In addition, a significant decrease in MDA levels was observed in rats when a dose of ω-3 FAs was given with DOX and a significant increase was determined in the levels of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum, liver and kidney tissues, when compared with DOX group. We concluded that ω-3 FA had favorable effects in rat liver and kidney tissues by preventing oxidative damage.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Glutationa/sangue , Malondialdeído/sangue , Superóxido Dismutase/análise , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Eutanásia Animal , Rim/química , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The cerebral sulci are known as main microanatomical borders that serve as a gateway and surgical passage to reach the ventricles or to the deeper lesions. It is a matter of curiosity that whether there is a convergence between the morphological asymmetry and the functional asymmetry, and also its significance in surgery. The aim of this study is make morphometric measurements and evaluate asymmetry of several sulci on the lateral aspects of the cerebrum in regard to main sulci and related reference key points. METHODS: A total of 100 cerebral hemispheres from 50 autopsy cadavers were examined. The lengths of several sulci on the superolateral aspect of the hemispheres and the distances between the sulci and nearby sulci and the reference key points were measured. Encountered variations were examined and photographed. RESULTS: Evaluation of the variations: superior frontal sulcus (SFS), inferior frontal sulcus, superior temporal sulcus (STS), precentral sulcus and postcentral sulcus were found to be discontinuous in 60, 46, 41, 84 and 70 % of the hemispheres, respectively. Evaluation of the asymmetry: the distances between SFS posterior end and longitudinal fissure, STS posterior end and lateral sulcus posterior end, as well as lengths of external occipital fissure (EOF), and discontinuous course of STS were significantly different between left and right hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS: There is usually a morphological partial asymmetry between the right and left hemispheres for any individual. Also, some of our measurements were found to be compatible with the ones in the literature, while others were incompatible.
Assuntos
Pontos de Referência Anatômicos , Cérebro/anatomia & histologia , Autopsia , Cadáver , Humanos , Procedimentos NeurocirúrgicosRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the structural changes of electromagnetic waves in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 Wistar Albino adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I consisted of control rats, and groups II-IV comprised electromagnetically irradiated (EMR) with 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz. The heads of the rats were exposed to 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz microwaves irradiation for 1h per day for 2 months. RESULTS: While the histopathological changes in the frontal cortex and brain stem were normal in the control group, there were severe degenerative changes, shrunken cytoplasm and extensively dark pyknotic nuclei in the EMR groups. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the Total Antioxidative Capacity level was significantly decreased in the EMR groups and also Total Oxidative Capacity and Oxidative Stress Index levels were significantly increased in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. IL-1ß level was significantly increased in the EMR groups in the brain stem. CONCLUSION: EMR causes to structural changes in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum and impair the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine system. This deterioration can cause to disease including loss of these areas function and cancer development.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Radiação Eletromagnética , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Química Encefálica/efeitos da radiação , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Tronco Encefálico/efeitos da radiação , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Cerebelo/patologia , Cerebelo/efeitos da radiação , Citocinas/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Micro-Ondas , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos da radiação , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos da radiação , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Some anomalies of the conus artery are relatively common, such as those arising from the discrete ostium of the right coronary artery. We report a 63 y/o male with an unusual anatomic variation of the conus artery terminating in the pericardium. Coronary anomalies may cause coronary ischemia, infarction and sudden cardiac death; hence, it is significant to identify coronary anomalies. Here, we identify an unusual conus artery anomaly for the first time, with accompanying imaging showing its very rare anatomical features that may be of interest to the larger medical community. KEY WORDS: Anomaly; Coronary angiography; Coronary artery.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: (1) To explore age-related changes in the volume of the pancreas on computed tomography (CT) images calculated by the method of Cavalieri. (2) To investigate the relationship between these changes and body mass index (BMI), gender, abdominal diameter, abdominal skinfold thickness. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed abdominal CT examinations of 272 adults between the ages of 20-88 years. There were seven groups of patients, with 40 patients (only ninth decade has 32 patients) for each decade. RESULTS: Pancreatic volume (PV) was found to be 63.68 ± 15.08 cm(3) in females, 71.75 ± 15.99 cm(3) in males (mean value of both groups, 67.71 ± 16.03 cm(3)). Maximum value of PV was found in the fourth decade in females, males and also for mean of both groups (73.50, 84.21 and 78.85 cm(3), respectively). PV remained constant until ~60 years of age. Thereafter, it gradually decreased in both genders. There was a negative correlation between PV and age (p < 0.001, r: -0.473). We found positive correlation between PV and BMI, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD), anterior subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses (ASAT), posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses (PSAT), bilateral subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses (BSAT). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative data may allow clinicians to better estimate age-related PV changes and help them in decision making.
Assuntos
Pâncreas/anatomia & histologia , Pâncreas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Abdome/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Radiografia Abdominal/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Gordura Subcutânea/anatomia & histologia , Gordura Subcutânea/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Obesity is a strong risk factor for the development and progression of sleep apnea. Responses to exercise by patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are clinically relevant to reducing body weight and cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to clarify the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities and their possible relationships with other findings in patients with OSAS. Forty patients (30 males, 10 females) and 40 controls (30 males, 10 females) were enrolled in this study. Questionnaires (excessive daytime sleepiness, daytime tiredness, morning headache, waking unrefreshed, and imbalance), overnight polysomnography, indirect laryngoscopy, and aerobic and anaerobic exercise tests were performed. Triceps, subscapular, abdomen, and thigh skinfold thicknesses were measured. Subcutaneous abdominal fat (abdomen skinfold) was significantly higher in OSAS patients than in controls. Maximal anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity were not different significantly between the patients and controls. We found that aerobic capacity was significantly lower in OSAS patients than in controls. Aerobic capacity was negatively correlated with upper-body subcutaneous fat (triceps and subscapular skinfolds) but not correlated with subcutaneous abdominal fat in OSAS patients. In multivariate analyses using all patients, the apnea-hypopnea index remained a significant independent predictor of aerobic capacity after controlling for a variety of potential confounders including body mass index. Our data confirm that central obesity (subcutaneous abdominal fat) is prominent in patients with OSAS. Our results suggest that lower aerobic exercise capacity in patients with OSAS might be due to daily physical activity that is restricted by OSA itself. This study also suggests that the degree of subcutaneous abdominal fat cannot be used for predicting aerobic capacity level. We think that upper-body subcutaneous fat might be suitable for determining the physical fitness of patients with OSAS.