Urgent first-step screening method for ketamine, phenobarbital, zopiclone, zolpidem, phenytoin and thiopental in adulterated soft drink.

Date-rape drugs given to victims through drinks without their knowledge in drug-facilitated sexual assaults and thefts (money, property and body organs), are important threats for the public. Detection in beverage residues gains importance, since some of them can be quickly eliminated from the body, till the victim understands what he/she has experienced, goes to the hospital and gives a urine sample for analysis. Here, date-rape drugs; ketamine, thiopental, phenobarbital, zolpidem, phenytoin and zopiclone were analyzed simultaneously in 1.00mL caffeine-based carbonated beverage residue, through direct injection, using a modified, economical emergency first-step screening method with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (elution time: 11 minutes). Screening power of the method was qualitatively observed in sour cherry juice, sweet soda and beer with some additional experiments. Caffeine in caffeine-based carbonated beverage could also be detected simultaneously. LODs and LOQs were between 0.02-1.79 and 0.08-5.60µgmL-1. Repeatability and reproducibility values were <9.91%. HorRat values were between 0.184-0.500. As the first screening and quantitative study on the simultaneous analysis of these drugs in a beverage, it's important for solving the crimes committed using drugs in caffeine-based carbonated beverage residues found at the crime scene, when the use of these drugs is suspected after anamnesis and inspection.

Development and validation of a UV-Radio-HPLC method to assess chemical and radiochemical purity of [68Ga] Ga-PSMA-11.

[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, a urea-based peptidomimetic, has been widely used in recent years for PET imaging of patients with prostate cancer. Since it has short half-life and should be in-house synthesized, synthesis conditions may affect quality and in vivo behavior of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Therefore in this study we aimed to develop an alternative, simple and validated HPLC method to test chemical and radiochemical purity of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for clinical routine.

Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine.

COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods.

Determination of Drugs by Online Column-Switching Liquid Chromatography.

A fully automated and validated 2D online solid-phase extraction (SPE) high-performance liquid chromatographic method was described for the direct simultaneous determination of clenbuterol (CLEN) and doxazosin (DOX) in spiked human plasma samples. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved by column-switching. SPE column packed with restricted access material for depleting matrix and a reversed phase HPLC column for eluting analytes were used with UV detection on 250 nm. A 10 mM acetate buffer (pH: 4) and acetonitrile mixture was used in gradient elution with 1 mL/min flow rate, as mass spectrometry friendly mobile phase. Calibration graphs were prepared for spiked plasma, and good linearity was achieved over a dynamic range of 75.0 ng/mL-200.0 µg/mL for CLEN and 37.5 ng/mL-100.0 µg/mL for DOX. Detection and quantification limits were 8.47 and 11.94 ng/mL, 25.66 and 36.18 ng/mL for CLEN and DOX, respectively. Online column-switching liquid chromatography technique combines the sample preparation by online SPE and separation steps in one allowing direct determination of drugs in biological fluids. This article could be assessed as a good example of combination of online sample preparation and separation, thus simultaneous determination of drugs in plasma samples.