Randomized clinical trial to assess the protective efficacy of a Plasmodium vivax CS synthetic vaccine.

A randomized, double-blind, controlled vaccine clinical trial was conducted to assess, as the primary outcome, the safety and protective efficacy of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein in healthy malaria-naïve (phase IIa) and semi-immune (phase IIb) volunteers. Participants (n = 35) were randomly selected from a larger group (n = 121) and further divided into naïve (n = 17) and semi-immune (n = 18) groups and were immunized at months 0, 2, and 6 with PvCS formulated in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant or placebo (adjuvant alone). Specific antibodies and IFN-γ responses to PvCS were determined as secondary outcome; all experimental volunteers developed specific IgG and IFN-γ. Three months after the last immunization, all participants were subjected to controlled human malaria infection. All naive controls became infected and drastic parasitemia reduction, including sterile protection, developed in several experimental volunteers in phase IIa (6/11) (54%, 95% CI 0.25-0.84) and phase IIb (7/11) (64%, 95% CI 0.35-0.92). However, no difference in parasitemia was observed between the phase IIb experimental and control subgroups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates significant protection in both naïve and semi-immune volunteers, encouraging further PvCS vaccine clinical development. Trial registration number NCT02083068. This trial was funded by Colciencias (grant 529-2009), NHLBI (grant RHL086488 A), and MVDC/CIV Foundation (grant 2014-1206).

Imaginarios sociales sobre las violencias de género de los habitantes de una comunidad rural del departamento del Huila (Colombia) / Social Imaginaries about Gender-Based Violence of Inhabitants of a Rural Community in the State of Huila, Colombia

Resumen El uso de lenguajes sexistas y discriminatorios hacia la mujer, sobre todo en los roles desempeñados por el hombre y la mujer en el hogar, hacen parte de los imaginarios que en la comunidad de la Vereda Belén del municipio de Isnos (Huila) se evidencian sobre las violencias de género; además, se observó la emergencia de ciertos imagina rios radicales construidos desde la familia, a partir de experiencias y vivencias perso nales con sus padres como modelos de crianza.

Abstract: The use of sexist language, which is discriminatory towards women, especially in the roles played by men and women, at home, are part of the imaginaries that in the com munity of Belén Village, in the Municipality Isnos, Huila, about gender-based violence is made evident. Besides, the emergence of certain radical imaginaries built from the family, based on personal experiences, and experiences with their parents, as parenting models, was observed.