Produção Científica dos Pesquisadores apoiados pela Chamada Pública voltada à Prevenção e ao Combate ao Zika Vírus

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a produção científica dos pesquisadores apoiados pela Chamada Pública voltada à Prevenção e ao Combate ao vírus Zika entre os anos de 2017 a 2020. Método: efetuou-se uma análise cientométrica com base nos indicadores de produção e de coautoria da produção científica dos pesquisadores indexada na Web of Science (WoS). Resultados: Verificou-se que os pesquisadores possuem vínculo com 31 instituições de ensino superior ou centros de pesquisa e foram analisadas 2022 produções científicas. Constatou-se que a quantidade de publicações foi diminuindo no decorrer dos anos, que a palavra-chave Zika Vírus foi a mais encontrada nos documentos analisados e que o maior nível de colaboração científica internacional ocorreu entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos da América. Conclusão: Verificou-se uma elevada produtividade científica dos pesquisadores brasileiros, além da visibilidade internacional das produções científicas nacionais em decorrência da publicação em períodos indexados na WoS. Conclui-se que a avaliação dos indicadores da chamada pública voltada à prevenção e ao combate ao vírus Zika pode funcionar como instrumento para a formulação de políticas públicas e para futuras tomadas de decisão acerca da criação de ações relacionadas ao combate de outras doenças e epidemias.

Scientific production and most researched diseases in the Biological Sciences postgraduate programs in Brazil / Produção científica e doenças mais pesquisadas nos programas de pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas no Brasil

This macro-level scientometrics study aimed to analyze the similarities and differences in the scientific communication patterns of the Brazilian postgraduate programs (BPPs) belonging to the Biological Sciences II field (BS2), as defined by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Also, it was identified the most researched diseases and it was discussed their relationship with the needs of Brazilian public health considering the burden of disease (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brazil) estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the scientific production of the BS2's sub-areas Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology was evaluated from 2013 to 2016, through considering the citation impact, Impact Factor (Journal Citation Reports), and scientific collaboration. Data collected included formal information provided to CAPES by all BPPs through the Plataforma Sucupira as well as metadata from Web of Science documents. In addition, were employed the standardized Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) for the analysis of researched diseases. We concluded that the patterns of scientific communication in Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology were predominantly different. Thus, there is a need to consider specificities among the five sub-areas in the evaluation process performed by CAPES. Different approaches are revealed by identifying the most frequently researched diseases and explaining the contributions of each sub-area for Brazilian public health.

Este estudo cientométrico de nível macro teve como objetivo analisar as semelhanças e as diferenças nos padrões de comunicação científica dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros (PPGs) da área de Ciências Biológicas II, avaliados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Além disso, foram identificadas as doenças mais pesquisadas e foi discutido sua relação com as necessidades de saúde pública brasileira, considerando a carga de doenças (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brasil) estimada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Assim, a produção científica das subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia da área de Ciências Biológicas II foi avaliada de 2013 a 2016, considerando o impacto de citações, o Fator de Impacto (Journal Citation Reports) e a colaboração científica. Os dados coletados incluíram informações declaradas à CAPES por todos os PPGs por meio da Plataforma Sucupira, bem como metadados de documentos da Web of Science. Além disso, foram utilizados os cabeçalhos de Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) para a análise das doenças pesquisadas. Concluímos que os padrões de comunicação científica entre as subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia foram predominantemente diferentes. Assim, é necessário considerar as especificidades entre as cinco subáreas no processo de avaliação realizado pela CAPES. Diferentes abordagens são reveladas a partir da identificação das doenças mais pesquisadas e da explicação das contribuições de cada subárea para a saúde pública brasileira.

Educação médica: linha do tempo e panorama da pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil / Medical education: timeline and panorama of stricto sensu graduate studies in Brazil

Resumo: Introdução: O presente trabalho apresenta uma sucinta retrospectiva da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira e elucida o atual panorama quantitativo das subáreas avaliativas da área de medicina. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo esboçar um panorama crítico da pós-graduação médica. Método: O método, aqui utilizado, contempla uma revisão das normativas que conduziram a formação da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira e uma categorização e análise estatística de dados fornecidos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, complementados por informações da Plataforma Sucupira e do último censo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, com recorte das áreas avaliativas da medicina e atenção a elas. Resultado: Como resultado, observou-se que, em junho de 2019, o Brasil atingiu 4.590 programas de pós-graduação, sendo 262 distribuídos nas áreas avaliativas da medicina. A partir desse quantitativo, apresentam-se uma tabela, dois quadros, uma figura e sete gráficos que demostram diferentes aspectos do Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação. Conclusão: Em conclusão, no que se refere ao Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação, descrevem-se, como ponto forte, a expansão e o crescimento da pós-graduação, e indicam-se, como ponto frágil, os traços de assimetrias regionais. Em face das subáreas da medicina, são evidenciadas as características de cada área avaliativa, incluindo relações entre modalidades, níveis e conceitos dos programas de pós-graduação. Por fim, fica a perspectiva de que, além do número de programas de pós-graduação e de seus respectivos conceitos, um panorama qualitativo deve considerar indicadores como produção científica e impacto social, temas a serem abordados em estudos futuros, utilizando-se dados e as ferramentas metodológicas específicas.

Abstract: Introduction: This work offers a succinct retrospective of the Brazilian stricto sensu graduate program and elucidates the current quantitative panorama of the evaluative sub-areas of Medicine. Objective: This study aimed to outline a critical panorama of medical Graduate Program. Method: The method addressed here includes a review of the regulations that led to the formation of the Brazilian stricto sensu graduate programs and a categorization and statistical analysis of data provided by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), complemented by information from the Sucupira Platform and the latest census published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, focusing on the evaluative areas of Medicine. Result: It was observed that in June 2019, Brazil reached 4,590 Graduate Programs, of which 262 programs were distributed in the evaluative areas of Medicine. Based on this quantity, tables, images and graphs are presented that show different aspects of the National Graduate System. Conclusion: With regard to the National Graduate System, the expansion and growth of graduate studies are described as a strong point, whereas the characteristics of regional asymmetries are indicated as a shortcoming. In view of the sub-areas of medicine, the characteristics of each evaluation area are highlighted, including relationships between modalities, levels and Graduate Program, and scores. Finally, the view persists that, in addition to the number of Graduate Program, and their respective scores, a qualitative panorama should consider indicators such as scientific production and social impact, themes to be addressed in future studies, using specific methodological data and tools.

Productivity of CNPq Researchers from Different Fields in Biomedical Sciences: The Need for Objective Bibliometric Parameters-A Report from Brazil.

In Brazil, the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) provides grants, funds and fellowships to productive scientists to support their investigations. They are ranked and categorized into four hierarchical levels ranging from PQ 1A (the highest) to PQ 1D (the lowest). Few studies, however, report and analyse scientific productivity in different sub-fields of Biomedical Sciences (BS), e.g., Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Biophysics and Physiology. In fact, systematic comparisons of productivity among the PQ 1 categories within the above sub-fields are lacking in the literature. Here, the scientific productivity of 323 investigators receiving PQ 1 fellowships (A to D levels) in these sub-fields of BS was investigated. The Scopus database was used to compile the total number of articles, citations, h-index values and authorship positions (first-, co- or last-listed author) in the most cited papers by researchers granted CNPq fellowships. We found that researchers from Pharmacology had the best performance for all of the parameters analysed, followed by those in Biochemistry. There was great variability in scientific productivity within the PQ 1A level in all of the sub-fields of BS, but not within the other levels (1B, 1C and 1D). Analysis of the most cited papers of PQ 1(A-D) researchers in Pharmacology revealed that the citations of researchers in the 1C and 1D levels were associated with publications with their senior supervisors, whereas those in the 1B level were less connected with their supervisors in comparison to those in 1A. Taken together, these findings suggest that the scientific performance of PQ 1A researchers in BS is not homogenous. In our opinion, parameters such as the most cited papers without the involvement of Ph.D. and/or post-doctoral supervisors should be used to make decisions regarding any given researcher's fellowship award level.

Avaliação do grau de implantação do Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde / Evaluation of the degree of implementation of the Program Research for SUS: shared management in health

RESUMO O estudo objetivou monitorar a execução e o grau de implantação do Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde, no País. Utilizou como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos, na busca ativa nos documentos do programa e no Sistema Pesquisa Saúde, do Ministério da Saúde. O programa lançou cinco edições e investiu R$ 274,5 milhões na contratação de 2.923 projetos de pesquisa, tendo sido executado de forma descentralizada. Está 'implantado' em 20 estados, e 'parcialmente implantado' nos demais. O êxito da ação pode ser medido pelo aporte de recursos federais e estaduais, pela adesão da comunidade científica e dos gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

ABSTRACT The study aimed to monitor the accomplishment and the degree of implementation of the Program 'Research for SUS: shared management in health', in Brazil. A multiple case design strategy was employed, involving an active search in the Programs´ documents and in the Health Research System of the Ministry of Health. The Program launched 5 editions, invested R$ 274.5 million in the hiring of 2.923 research projects, and had a decentralized implementation. The results indicate that the Project was considered 'Implemented' in 20 states, and 'Partially implemented' in the others. The success of the intervention can be due to the contribution of federal and state resources, the adherence of the scientific community and of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) managers.

Scientific Performance of Brazilian Researchers in Pharmacology with grants from CNPq: A comparative study within the Brazilian categories.

In Brazil, scientific performance of researchers is one important criteria for decision-making in grant allocation. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the profile of 82 seniors' investigators (graded as level 1A-D) which were receiving CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) productivity grant in Pharmacology, by analyzing the pattern of citation of their papers and h-index. Total documents, citations (with and without self-citations) and h-index (with and without self-citations) were retrieved from the Scopus database. The results indicated a clear difference among researchers from the higher categories (1A and 1B) in most of the parameters analyzed. However, no noticeable differentiation was found between researchers from grant category 1C and 1D. The results presented here may inform the scientific community and the grant agencies on the profile of PQ 1(A-D) fellows of Pharmacology, and may help to define new differences within CNPq grant categories, and consequently, a better allocation of grants.

Brazilian Science between National and Foreign Journals: Methodology for Analyzing the Production and Impact in Emerging Scientific Communities.

In recent decades, we have observed an intensification of science, technology and innovation activities in Brazil. The increase in production of scientific papers indexed in international databases, however, has not been accompanied by an equivalent increase in the impact of publications. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing production and the impact of certain research areas in Brazil related to two aspects: the origin of the journals (national or foreign) and international collaboration. These two variables were selected for being of particular importance in understanding the context of scientific production and communication in countries with emerging economies. The sample consisted of papers written by Brazilian researchers in 19 subfields of knowledge published from 2002 to 2011, totaling 85,082 papers. To calculate the impact, we adopted a normalized indicator called the relative subfield citedness (Rw) using a window of 5 years to obtain measurements evaluated in 2 different years: 2007 and 2012. The data on papers and citations were collected from the Web of Science database. From the results, we note that most of the subfields have presented, from one quinquennium to another, improved performance in the world production rankings. Regarding publication in national and foreign journals, we observed a trend in the distribution maintenance of production of the subfields based on the origin of the journal. Specifically, for impact, we identified a lower Rw pattern for Brazilian papers when they were published in national journals in all subfields. When Brazilian products are published in foreign journals, we observed a higher impact for those papers, even surpassing the average global impact in some subfields. For international collaboration, we analyzed the percentage of participation of foreign researchers and the connection between collaboration and the impact of papers, especially emphasizing the distinction of hyperauthorship papers in terms of production and impact.

Zebrafish in Brazilian Science: Scientific Production, Impact, and Collaboration.

By means of scientometric indicators, this study investigated the characteristics of scientific production and research collaboration involving zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Brazilian Science indexed by the Web of Science (WoS). Citation data were collected from the WoS and data regarding Impact Factor (IF) were gathered from journals in the Journal Citation Reports. Collaboration was evaluated according to coauthorship data, creating representative nets with VOSviewer. Zebrafish has attained remarkable importance as an experimental model organism in recent years and an increase in scientific production with zebrafish is observed in Brazil and around the world. The citation impact of the worldwide scientific production is superior when compared to the Brazilian scientific production. However, the citation impact of the Brazilian scientific production is consistently increasing. Brazil does not follow the international trends with regard to publication research fields. The state of Rio Grande do Sul has the greatest number of articles and the institution with the largest number of publications is Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Journals' average IF is higher in Brazilian publications with international coauthorship, and around 90% of articles are collaborative. The Brazilian institutions presenting the greatest number of collaborations are Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, and Universidade de São Paulo. These data indicate that Brazilian research using zebrafish presents a growth in terms of number of publications, citation impact, and collaborative work.