Early Enteral Nutrition (within 48 h) for Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Medical nutrition therapy provides the opportunity to compensate for muscle wasting and immune response activation during stress and trauma. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the safety and effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in adults with sepsis or septic shock. METHODS: The MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP tools were searched from inception until July 2023. Conference proceedings, the reference lists of included studies, and expert content were queried to identify additional publications. Two review authors completed the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment; disagreements were resolved through discussion. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) comparing the administration of EEN with no or delayed enteral nutrition (DEE) in adult populations with sepsis or septic shock. RESULTS: Five RCTs (n = 442 participants) and ten NRSs (n = 3724 participants) were included. Low-certainty evidence from RCTs and NRSs suggests that patients receiving EEN could require fewer days of mechanical ventilation (MD -2.65; 95% CI, -4.44-0.86; and MD -2.94; 95% CI, -3.64--2.23, respectively) and may show lower SOFA scores during follow-up (MD -1.64 points; 95% CI, -2.60--0.68; and MD -1.08 points; 95% CI, -1.90--0.26, respectively), albeit with an increased frequency of diarrhea episodes (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.115-4.34). Even though the patients with EEN show a lower in-hospital mortality rate both in RCTs (OR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.23) and NRSs (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.69-1.13), this difference does not achieve statistical significance. There were no apparent differences for other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Low-quality evidence suggests that EEN may be a safe and effective intervention for the management of critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Aortitis sifilítica: a propósito de un caso del sur colombiano / Syphilitic aortitis: about a case in South Colombia

Resumen Se expone el caso de una paciente de 73 años procedente y residente de Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia), con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, que ingresa a un hospital de alta complejidad por un cuadro clínico de 3 meses de evolución consistente en dolor torácico tipo opresivo en la región anterior izquierda del tórax, no irradiado, de intensidad 8/10. En el ecocardiograma se evidencia enfermedad calcificada de la válvula aórtica con estenosis aortica grave, insuficiencia aórtica, hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo e insuficiencia mitral leve. Dentro de los estudios prequirúrgicos presentó VDRL con 1:4 diluciones, se confirmó el diagnóstico con el resultado de la prueba treponémica y se descartaron otras enfermedades infecciosas. Se realizó remplazo valvular con bioprótesis y tubo valvular supracoronario. En la biopsia se confirmó la valvulitis crónica cicatricial con extensas calcificaciones. Posterior a la intervención quirúrgica se dio egreso por adecuada evolución clínica.

Abstract The case of a 73-year-old female patient obtained and resident of Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia), with a history of hypertension who is admitted to a highly complex hospital due to a 3-month clinical picture of constant evolution in pain is presented. Thoracic oppressive type in the anterior region of the left thorax, non-irradiated, of intensity 8/10. The echocardiogram shows calcified aortic valve disease with severe aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and mild grade mitral regurgitation. Within the pre-surgical studies, she presented VDRL with 1:4 dilutions and the diagnosis was confirmed with the result of the treponemal test and other infectious diseases were ruled out. Valvular replacement was performed with a bioprosthesis plus a supra-coronary valvular tube. In the biopsy, chronic scar valvulitis with extensive calcifications was confirmed. After the surgical intervention, discharge was performed due to adequate clinical evolution.