Primary Pulmonary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as an Endobronchial Lesion: The Youngest Adult Patient in the Literature.

A 20-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with complaints of chest and back pain in September 2018. There was a cavitary lesion in the upper zone of the left lung in the chest X-ray. Thorax CT revealed an irregular contoured and shaped mass with 87x67x79 mm sizes, in the upper lobe of the left lung lying to paramediastinal area. Since there was a doubt about malignancy, positron emission tomography (PET) was performed; there was a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe with high FDG uptake (SUVmax: 23.2). Bronchoscopic examination revealed an endobronchial lesion with nearly complete occlusion in the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed in this session for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was negative. The patient was diagnosed as primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of endobronchial biopsy specimens. Following the final diagnosis of Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma (BALTOMA), the patient was referred to the department of haematology, and chemotherapy was planned for therapy. Since DLBCL is extremely rare, and uncommonly presenting with an endobronchial lesion, we want to present this patient as the youngest adult case of primary endobronchial BALT lymphoma in the literature.

Development of Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseified granulomas in many different organs and systems. The disease most frequently manifests with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and infiltrations in the lungs and skin, as well as with eye lesions. It may mimic a number of systemic diseases and/or accompany them. The development of lymphoma in patients with sarcoidosis or the co-occurrence of both diseases is rarely reported in the literature. In this paper we report a female patient followed up with sarcoidosis for three years who developed Hodgkin lymphoma, according to the results of the investigations and biopsy results.

Mast cells positive for cluster of differentiation 117 protein: are they players or conductor in the orchestra of cholesteatoma?

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of cholesteatoma remains unclear, despite several theories. Alterations in the density of mast cells positive for cluster of differentiation 117 protein (also known as CD117) can be critical to cholesteatoma formation, due to the effect on keratinocyte growth factor production. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of these mast cells in cholesteatoma pathogenesis. METHODS: The number and density of mast cells positive for cluster of differentiation 117 protein were immunohistochemically analysed in 52 patients: 22 with chronic otitis media alone (group one), 25 with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma (group two) and five controls. RESULTS: The number of these mast cells was much higher in group two (in cholesteatoma matrix tissue) than in group one (in chronic otitis media granulation tissue) or the controls (in normal post-auricular skin). The density of these mast cells was significantly greater in group two than in group one or the controls (p < 0.05). The number and density of these mast cells was much greater in group one than in controls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Mast cells positive for cluster of differentiation 117 protein could play a role in cholesteatoma formation. Further investigation of the role of these mast cells in cholesteatoma may suggest new ways of addressing this disorder, and may enable the development of targeted treatments.