Medication prescribing errors: a pre- and post-computerized physician order entry retrospective study.

Background The computerization of prescriptions with a computerized physician order entry contributes to securing the error-free drug supply, but is not risk-free. Objective: To determine the impact of a computerized physician order entry system on prescribing errors immediately after its implementation and 1 year later. Setting The Cardiology and Diabetology Departments at Toulouse University Hospital, France. Method The prescriptions were analysed by pharmacists over three 30-day periods for 3 consecutive years (N: computerization period, N - 1, N + 1). For each identified error, the prescriber was informed by a pharmaceutical intervention. The pharmaceutical interventions were counted and arranged according to the classification by the French Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Their average numbers and clinical impacts were compared for each period using t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Main outcome measure The average numbers of pharmaceutical interventions. Results In total, 12.1 pharmaceutical interventions per 100 patient days were done during the N - 1 period, 14.1 during N and 9.6 during N + 1. Among those, 3.6 (N) and 2.1 (N + 1) were related to the computerization itself, and 10.5 (N) and 7.5 (N + 1) were not. The average number of computerization-related pharmaceutical interventions significantly decreased from N to N + 1 (p = 0.04). The average number of classic interventions decreased from N - 1 to N + 1 (p = 0.02). The clinical impacts of the computerization related errors were similar to those of other errors. Conclusion The implementation of the computerized physician order entry induced the appearance of specific computerized-related errors, but the number of classic errors decreased. The entry-system related errors were not more severe than other errors, and the number decreased after 1 year.

The Electronic Pharmaceutical Record: A new method for medication reconciliation.

RATIONALE, AIM, AND OBJECTIVE: There are several ways to establish an accurate medication list in the hospital admission medication reconciliation (MedRec). The challenge for MedRec lies in the availability, reliability, and completeness of the data used. In France, the Electronic Pharmaceutical Record (ePR) was developed to register each medication taken by ambulatory patients, primarily to make dispensation in community pharmacies safe. We evaluated the suitability of this tool in the MedRec when patients were admitted to the hospital. METHOD: We conducted a 6-month pilot study of 249 MedRec files from a hospital diabetology department. The analysis was supplemented by the ePR for any patient for whom this information was recorded. The study evaluated the ePR as a new MedRec tool, as well as the clinical impact (CI) of the new data collected. RESULTS: The ePR was contributory for 28% of the patients. Discrepancies were associated with polypharmacy, most of which had a CI = 1. Medication omission was the most frequently found discrepancy (72%), but self-medication (8%) and lack of medication adherence (9%) were also observed. CONCLUSION: This tool provided added value for reconciliation, as it quickly identifies regular medications, adherence, and self-medication behaviour. The ePR is essential for conducting a thorough MedRec.

[Factors Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation]. / Facteurs associés à la prescription d'anticoagulants oraux directs versus anti-vitamines K dans la fibrillation atriale non valvulaire.

OBJECTIVE: Describing the factors associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOA) prescription in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHOD: This study was performed in Toulouse on a cohort of patients received in rhythmology consultation, treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or DOA for AF. A multivariate model was performed using logistic regression to describe the factors associated with DOA prescription and secondly, those associated with discontinuation of the anticoagulant. RESULTS: Among the 140 patients included, 96 (66%) were treated with VKA and 48 (34%) with DOA. Recent AF diagnosis (OR 7.52, 95% CI [2.41;23.29], p = 0.001), previous exposure to VKA (OR 17.11, 95% CI [4.48;60.91], p<0.001), and no current exposure to anti-platelet agents (APA) (OR 7.69, 95% CI [1.22; 50.00], p = 0.030) were associated to DOA prescription. Discontinuation of the anticoagulant (n=24) was associated to DOA intake (OR 2.71, 95% CI [1.21; 6.08], p = 0.016). DISCUSSION: DOA are less prescribed than VKA in patients treated with APA. DOA switch to VKA was not systematic in patients diagnosed for a long time. However, international normalized ratio (INR) values were stable in most of patients treated with VKA at the switching to DOA. A more powerful study would confirm the factors associated with DOA prescription.