RESUMO
The management of patients with pancreatic cancer has advanced over the last few years. We convey a multidisciplinary group of experts in an attempt to stablish practical guidelines for the diagnoses, staging and management of these patients. This paper summarizes the main conclusions of the working group. Patients with suspected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma should be rapidly evaluated and referred to high-volume centers. Multidisciplinary supervision is critical for proper diagnoses, staging and to frame a treatment plan. Surgical resection together with chemotherapy offers the highest chance for cure in early stage disease. Patients with advanced disease should be classified in treatment groups to guide systemic treatment. New chemotherapeutic regimens have resulted in improved survival. Symptomatic management is critical in this disease. Enrollment in a clinical trial is, in general, recommended.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , EspanhaRESUMO
Recently, the optimal sex allocation in monogonont rotifers is studied, and, as a closely related question, the relative frequencies of the relevant types of mictic females. The authors focus on the evolution of the age at which young mictic females lose their fertilization susceptibility and they address the threshold age of fertilization that maximizes resting egg production. Assuming that a stationary population is achieved, with stable age distribution, they obtain their results, without knowing the stationary population. Our aim is to study this problem in the framework of the theory of nonlinear age-dependent population dynamics developed by G. F. Webb, which is more appropriate from the mathematical point of view and permits to us to obtain analytically the stationary population and consequently it is analytically shown that a threshold age of fertilization equal to the age of maturation is not an ESS, despite the fact that then the production of resting eggs is maximum, which has been obtained by simulation.