RESUMO
el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar fallas a la integridad científica por parte de personal de investigación latinoamericano. Metodología: se realizaron cuestionarios anónimos y voluntarios después de tratar este tema en 121 cursos de redacción científica / taller de tesis dictados en Latinoamérica, sobre todo en Argentina, durante 20 años (2001-2020). Resultados: las 2064 respuestas válidas mostraron que un 60 % tenía cinco o más años de egreso, 48,6 % señalaron coautoría indebida y 28,9 % que su nombre fue omitido de publicaciones. Un 24,9 % reconoció haber cometido alguna clase de mala conducta en su carrera. La coacción a que fue sometido para que lo hiciera fue reconocida por un 56,7 %. El 60,7 % de las 512 personas ignoraba que era un error. La coautoría indebida fue la mala conducta más frecuente (46 %), seguida de plagio y falseamiento de datos. En relatos conocidos de primera mano se destacan: publicación en salamín, duplicación y robo de datos, así como soborno y manipulación de imágenes. Ninguna de las personas que tomaron cursos previos de formación en bioética (0/560) cometieron motu propio actos inadecuados. Conclusión: el personal científico comete un porcentaje relativamente elevado de fallas a la integridad científica; impartir cursos de integridad científica tiene un fuerte rol en el autocontrol para evitarlas.
Objective: This work aims to analyze failures in scientific integrity on the part of Latin American research personnel. Methodology: anonymous and voluntary questionnaires were carried out after dealing with this topic in 121 scientific writing courses/thesis workshops in Latin America, mainly in Argentina, for 20 years (2001-2020). Results: The 2064 valid responses showed that 60% had five or more years of graduation, 48.6% indicated improper co-authorship, and 28.9% that their name was omitted from publications. 24.9% acknowledged having omitted their name from publications. Some 24.9% acknowledged having committed some misconduct in their career. The coercion to which he was subjected to do so was recognized by 56.7%. 60.7 % of the 512 people were unaware that it was a mistake. Misconduct was the most frequent misconduct (46 %), followed by plagiarism and misrepresentation of data. In first-hand accounts, salami publication, data duplication, theft, bribery, and image manipulation stand out. None of the persons who took previous bioethics training courses (0/560) committed inappropriate acts of their own accord. Conclusion: scientific personnel commits a relatively high percentage of scientific integrity failures; providing scientific integrity courses has a decisive role in self-monitoring to avoid them.
Objetivo: analisar falhas na integridade científica por parte de equipe de pesquisa latino- -americana. Metodologia: foram analisados questionários anônimos e voluntários depois de tratar esse tema em 121 cursos de redação científica/oficina de tese ministrados na América Latina, principalmente na Argentina, durante 20 anos (2001-2020). Resultados: as 2.064 respostas válidas mostraram que 60 % tinham cinco ou mais anos de formados, 48,6 % indicaram coautoria indevida e 28,9 % que seu nome foi omitido de publicações. 24,9 % reconheceram ter cometido alguma classe de mau comportamento em sua carreira. A coação a qual foi submetido para que o fizesse foi reconhecida por 56,7 %. 60,7 % das 512 pessoas ignoravam que era um erro. A coautoria indevida foi o mau comportamento mais frequente (46 %), seguida de plágio e falseamento de dados. Em relatos conhecidos de primeira mão se destacam: publicação "salame", duplicação e roubo de dados, bem como suborno e manipulação de imagens. Nenhuma das pessoas que fizeram cursos prévios de formação em bioética (0/560) cometeram motu propio atos inadequados. Conclusão: o pessoal científico comete uma porcentagem relativamente elevado de falhas na integridade científica; dar cursos de integridade científica tem um forte papel no autocontrole para evitá-las.
RESUMO
La dislexia es un trastorno específico del aprendizaje con una prevalencia de 5-17%, en todos los idiomas del mundo, caracterizado por la dificultad en el reconocimiento preciso de las palabras, con impacto en la fluidez y comprensión lectora, con consecuencias emocionales y sociales a mediano y largo plazo, como ansiedad, depresión y fracaso escolar. Objetivo: Diseñar una herramienta de pesquisa rápida de riesgo de desarrollo de dislexia para uso pediátrico y escolar. Método: Se desarrolló un instrumento compuesto por 7 ítems o estímulos de prueba. Participaron 138 infantes, entre 5-7 años y 11 meses, sin patologías neurológicas ni déficit visuales o auditivos, que concurrían a controles de salud pediátrico o a escuela inicial o primaria de Bariloche, Argentina. Resultados: La herramienta diseñada mostró muy buenos índices psicométricos y de correlación con las pruebas de TDR y LEE, lo cual permitiría una primera aproximación a una herramienta predictora de riesgo de desempeño lector. Conclusiones: la prueba en su etapa piloto permitió comparar el desempeño de niños en conciencia fonológica, fluidez y memoria de trabajo, predictores del aprendizaje del lenguaje escrito. La ampliación de la muestra y su validación permitirá el fácil acceso a su uso en escuelas o consultorios pediátricos.
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder with a prevalence of 5-17%, in all languages of the world, characterized by difficulty in precise word recognition, with an impact on fluency and reading comprehension, with emotional and social consequences. in the medium and long term, such as anxiety, depression and school failure. Objective: Design a rapid screening tool for risk of development of dyslexia for pediatric and school use. Method: An instrument composed of 7 test items or stimuli was developed. A total of 138 infants, between 5-7 years and 11 months, without neurological pathologies or visual or hearing deficits, who attended pediatric health check-ups or pre-school or primary school in Bariloche, Argentina, participated. Results: The designed tool showed very good psychometric indices and correlation with the TDR and LEE tests, which would allow a first approximation to a predictive tool for reading performance risk. Conclusions: The test in its pilot stage made it possible to compare the performance of children in phonological awareness, fluency and working memory, predictors of written language learning. The expansion of the sample and its validation will allow easy access to its use in schools or pediatric offices.
Assuntos
Humanos , Leitura , DislexiaRESUMO
Las revistas piratas o depredadoras (predatory journals en inglés) son cada vez más frecuentes y sorprenden en su buena fe a investigadores/as que buscan publicar sus manuscritos. Este artículo presenta un caso de descubrimiento y demostración de publicación en una revista pirata y un conjunto de sugerencias para evitar este error, como un aporte a profesionales de ciencias de la salud que realizan actividades de investigación. El resultado de las investigaciones mostró que la revista European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology(EJGO) es una revista pirata: fundada en 1980, solo desde 2020 posee International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) digital: sus primeras editoras, hasta 2020, no trabajaban en el área disciplinar de la revista ni pudieron ser rastreadas en ORCID; su actual editor no responde correos; la dirección postal de la editorial es la misma de una empresa canadiense importadora de juguetes. Hasta 2021 no poseía una plataforma web para el envío del manuscrito sino se enviaba el trabajo a un correo electrónico genérico. A raíz de nuestras denuncias fue suspendida de Scopus (Scimago) y Clarivate (Web of Science). Cuando Clarivate forzó a EJGO a avisar a sus lectores que estaba suspendida, inmediatamente cambió su página web y la empresa editora. En síntesis, se muestra un caso real de publicación en una revista pirata, la detección y comprobación de que dicha revista efectivamente cae en esta categoría y el aporte de conceptos y definiciones para tener en cuenta a fin de evitar caer en este error. (AU)
Predatory journals are becoming more frequent every day and surprise researchers who seek to publish their manuscripts. This article presents a case of discovery and demonstration of publication in a predatory journal and a set of suggestions to avoid this error, in a contribution to the education of health science professionals. The result of the research showed that the European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology (EJGO) is a pirate journal: founded in 1980, it obtainthe digital International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) in 2020; its former editors, until 2020, do not work in the disciplinary area of the journal and could not be tracked in ORCID, the new editor did not respond any mail; the postal address of the publisher is the same as that of a Canadian toy import company. Until 2021, it did not have a web platform for sending the manuscript, but rather the work was sent to a generic email. As a result of our complaints, it was suspended from Scopus (Scimago) and Clarivate (Web of Science).When Clarivate forced EJGO to notify its readers that it was suspended, it immediately changed its website and publisher. In brief, a real case of publication in a predatory journal is shown, the detection and verification that this journal actually falls into this category and contribution of concepts and definitions to avoid falling into this error. (AU)
Assuntos
Ética na Publicação Científica , Revistas Predatórias como Assunto , Comunicação Acadêmica/éticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The analysis of Editorials is a little explored topic, which can facilitate the understanding of historical processes and changes in Psychiatry. In the case of de Vertex Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría, the Editorials were written by the same person for 30 years. The most frequently used thematic areas were studied, using graph theory, to characterize the orientation of the editorial lines. This analysis was complemented with semi-structured interviews with the Editor. METHOD: The most significant words of the Editorials were determined and analyzed through a system of graph theory, divided by lustrums. RESULTS: The thematic areas of the journal were concentrated in five main themes that were reiterated in each lustrum: Ethics, History, Mental Health, Psychiatry and, in the last two, Politics. The editorials showed different degrees of complexity, being those of the first 15 years simpler than the last ones. The recurrence tendencies of the thematic areas of the Editorials were related to expressions arising from the interviews. CONCLUSION: The analysis with graph theory has made it possible to visualize aspects of the de Vertex Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría Editorials, their degree of thematic complexity and how some themes were reiterated over and over again throughout the 30 years of the journal.
Assuntos
Psiquiatria , Argentina , Humanos , Saúde Mental , RedaçãoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Los aspectos éticos y legales juegan un papel preponderante en la relación odontólogo paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los criterios relevantes necesarios para el consentimiento informado en odontología y evaluar su incorporación en modelos en uso por parte de profesionales. Métodos: Se analizaron 81 documentos teóricos y modelos de consentimiento informado de países de Sudamérica extraídos de Internet, en una selección por conveniencia. Los datos teóricos se contrastaron con los modelos aplicados en la práctica profesional. Luego de la depuración de los 81 materiales hallados para eliminar documentos teóricos con textos muy similares, quedaron 17 documentos teóricos y 12 modelos de consentimiento informado. Resultados: Los 17 documentos coinciden en señalar a 10 criterios como los más relevantes. Por el contrario, ninguno de los 12 modelos contempla estos 10 criterios. Siete de los modelos de consentimiento informado contenían 6 o menos criterios relevantes, en tanto que algunos solo contemplaban 4, los referidos a datos básicos de identificación del paciente, tratamiento y comprensión de lo que estaba firmando. Conclusión: Hay una falta de relación entre los criterios relevantes teóricos aceptados como importantes para el consentimiento informado en Odontología y los modelos en uso por parte de profesionales.
Summary Introduction: Ethical and legal aspects play a preponderant role in the dentistpatient relationship. It is necessary to review the theoretical bodies for the elaboration of the informed consent used by the dental professionals in theirdaily practice, to foresee that the relevant concepts are included. Objective: Analyze relevant criteria necessary for the informed consent in dentistry and to evaluate its inclusion in models that are currently being applied by professionals. Methods: Eighty-one theoretical documents and informed consent models from South America extracted from the Internet were analyzed, in a convenience sampling method. The theoretical data were contrasted with the models applied in the profesional practice. After the depuration of the 81 materials to eliminate similar documents, 17 theoretical documents and 12 models remained. Results: The 17 documents coincide in pointing to 10 criteria as the most relevant. On the contrary, none of the 12 models cover the 10 criteria. Seven of the informed consent models contained 6 or less criteria, while some only contemplated 4 criteria. Conclusion: There is a lack of agreement between the theoretical criteria accepted as important for informed consent in dentistry and the models in use by professionals.
Assuntos
Bioética , Ética , Odontologia Legal , América do Sul , Consentimento Livre e EsclarecidoRESUMO
Vertex, Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría es una de las pocas publicaciones de la especialidad editadas en español que está incluida en PubMed. Durante los 30 años de existencia (1990 hasta el presente) ha sido dirigida por el Dr. Juan Carlos Stagnaro, quien es el autor exclusivo de los editoriales. Mediante el análisis de sus palabras clave y de extensas entrevistas semiestructuradas, este trabajo indaga sobre aspectos biográficos del joven Stagnaro para comprender la génesis de la revista, su impronta científico-política y las líneas editoriales que abordó. Se trabajó sobre los años de formación en la Argentina, el exilio en Francia durante la última dictadura militar y aspectos formativos en psiquiatría que le permitieron, al regreso a la Argentina, fundar la revista. (AU)
Vertex, Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría is one of the few journal of this specialty published in Spanish that is included in PubMed. During its 30 years of existence (1990 to present) it has been directed by Dr. Juan Carlos Stagnaro, who is the exclusive author of the editorials. Through the analysis of their keywords and extensive semi-structured interviews, this work investigates the biographical aspects of the young Stagnaro in order to understand the genesis of the journal, its scientific-political imprint and the editorial linesit addressed. The work describes the formative years in Argentina, the exile in France during the last military dictatorship and formative aspects in psychiatry that allowed him, upon his return to Argentina, to create the journal. (AU)
Assuntos
História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Psicologia/história , Saúde Mental/história , ArgentinaRESUMO
Introducción: Los aspectos éticos y legales juegan un papel preponderante en la relación odontólogo paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los criterios relevantes necesarios para el consentimiento informado en odontología y evaluar su incorporación en modelos en uso por parte de profesionales. Métodos: Se analizaron 81 documentos teóricos y modelos de consentimiento informado de países de Sudamérica extraídos de Internet, en una selección por conveniencia. Los datos teóricos se contrastaron con los modelos aplicados en la práctica profesional. Luego de la depuración de los 81 materiales hallados para eliminar documentos teóricos con textos muy similares, quedaron 17 documentos teóricos y 12 modelos de consentimiento informado. Resultados: Los 17 documentos coinciden en señalar a 10 criterios como los más relevantes. Por el contrario, ninguno de los 12 modelos contempla estos 10 criterios. Siete de los modelos de consentimiento informado contenían 6 o menos criterios relevantes, en tanto que algunos solo contemplaban 4, los referidos a datos básicos de identificación del paciente, tratamiento y comprensión de lo que estaba firmando. Conclusión: Hay una falta de relación entre los criterios relevantes teóricos aceptados como importantes para el consentimiento informado en Odontología y los modelos en uso por parte de profesionales.
Summary Introduction: Ethical and legal aspects play a preponderant role in the dentistpatient relationship. It is necessary to review the theoretical bodies for the elaboration of the informed consent used by the dental professionals in theirdaily practice, to foresee that the relevant concepts are included. Objective: Analyze relevant criteria necessary for the informed consent in dentistry and to evaluate its inclusion in models that are currently being applied by professionals. Methods: Eighty-one theoretical documents and informed consent models from South America extracted from the Internet were analyzed, in a convenience sampling method. The theoretical data were contrasted with the models applied in the profesional practice. After the depuration of the 81 materials to eliminate similar documents, 17 theoretical documents and 12 models remained. Results: The 17 documents coincide in pointing to 10 criteria as the most relevant. On the contrary, none of the 12 models cover the 10 criteria. Seven of the informed consent models contained 6 or less criteria, while some only contemplated 4 criteria. Conclusion: There is a lack of agreement between the theoretical criteria accepted as important for informed consent in dentistry and the models in use by professionals.
RESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens in humans and animals. In this study eighty strains were analyzed by RAPD-PCR to assess the genetic relationship between S. aureus isolates from bovine and human hosts. Results were compared with those obtained by biotyping. Fifty-two percent of the S. aureus isolates belonged to a host specific biotype (human, bovine and poultry). Bovine and human ecovars were the most prevalent. Dendrogram obtained by RAPD results showed that all the isolates clustered into eleven groups (A-K) at a relative genetic similarity of less than 30% when analyzed with the three primers. Group A clustered 95% of the human host isolates and the remaining groups (B-K) clustered the bovine host isolates. Principal coordinate analysis also showed that the isolates could be arbitrarily divided into two groups, bovine and human, by the second coordinate. Only 9 isolates (11%) were not clustered into these groups. The genetic diversity among the S. aureus isolates from bovine hosts is relatively low compared to that of isolates from human hosts. There were no statistically significant differences among isolated from bovine and human hosts. This study shows that RAPD-PCR assayed with three primers can be successfully applied to assess the genetic relationship of S. aureus isolates from different hosts.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Bovinos , Indústria de Laticínios , Feminino , Humanos , Aves Domésticas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiological agent of bovine mastitis. Intramammary infections are difficult to cure and vaccination appears to be an alternative to prevent the disease. Research has focused on the development of mutants affected in the synthesis of pathogenicity determinants. We constructed a mutant strain (RC122) after chemical mutagenesis. In a mouse model, the strain was shown to be 1500 times less virulent, showed similar kinetics of disappearance in the kidney as its parental strain, and a good degree of protection against a challenge from homologous and heterologous strains. The objective of the present report was to study the avirulent RC122 S. aureus mutant strain in rabbit and bovine infection models. The results clearly show that RC122 was less virulent than its parental strain in a rabbit skin model, and was also correlated with its avirulence as an udder pathogen. These traits make the RC122 mutant strain interesting as a potential strain for an experimental vaccine trial in dairy herds.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas , Mastite Bovina/prevenção & controle , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Animais , Bovinos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/patologia , Coelhos , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/patologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/classificaçãoRESUMO
En este trabajo se describe el contenido de plásmidos de 27 cepas de A. brasilense y A. lipoferum aisladas de diferentes zonas del país y de distintas especies vegetales y se describen características de los métodos de extracción de plásmidos de alto peso molecular empleados. Casi todas las cepas presentaron entre uno y cuatro plásmidos, todos de alto peso molecular. Uno de ellos, de aproximadamente 100 Megadaltons, se encuentra en el 44% de las cepas analizadas. Aún no hay evidencias en cuanto a la información genética codificada por ellos
Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Plasmídeos , Spirillum/genética , Meios de Cultura , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar/métodosRESUMO
En este trabajo se describe el contenido de plásmidos de 27 cepas de A. brasilense y A. lipoferum aisladas de diferentes zonas del país y de distintas especies vegetales y se describen características de los métodos de extracción de plásmidos de alto peso molecular empleados. Casi todas las cepas presentaron entre uno y cuatro plásmidos, todos de alto peso molecular. Uno de ellos, de aproximadamente 100 Megadaltons, se encuentra en el 44% de las cepas analizadas. Aún no hay evidencias en cuanto a la información genética codificada por ellos (AU)