Re-Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) con preservación del injerto original tras free roll en cámara anterior: a propósito de un caso / Re-descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with preservation of the original graft after free-roll in the anterior chamber: a case report

Introducción: Las queratoplastias lamelares han supuesto un gran impacto en el manejo del edema corneal por disfunción endotelial. Las técnicas de trasplante mínimamente invasivo como la Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) han permitido reducir la morbilidad que suponía la realización de una queratoplastia penetrante en este tipo de pacientes. Aun así, se trata de técnicas complejas que no están exentas de complicaciones, y que requieren una larga línea de aprendizaje quirúrgico y una aún más exigente experiencia en el manejo postoperatorio.Caso clínicoUna mujer de 89 años afecta de distrofia endotelial de Fuchs e intervenida de cirugía combinada de catarata y DMEK, presentó a las 24h de la intervención un edema estromal de predominio inferior y un despegamiento sectorial del injerto. Tras un re-bubbling en consultas y 4 días más tarde, se observó el injerto enrollado y libre en cámara anterior.Se intervino de re-DMEK con preservación del injerto original tras 24h, con desepitelización para optimizar la visualización. Se tiñó el injerto con azul tripán y se protegió el estroma posterior con aire. Se reimplantó el injerto bajo maniobras intraoculares y con burbuja de aire.A las 24h de la cirugía se observó el injerto adherido, con una gran disminución del edema estromal. Un mes después, la paciente presentaba una córnea transparente, una persistente adhesión completa del injerto y una agudeza visual de 0,9.ConclusiónEl hallazgo del free roll en cámara anterior tras cirugía de DMEK constituye la forma más compleja de despegamiento del injerto. El edema corneal, así como la disposición de las diferentes estructuras intraoculares son condicionantes a tener en cuenta para la resolución quirúrgica de esta complicación. En muchos casos el reposicionamiento quirúrgico del injerto es factible, hecho que implica ahorrar costes sin necesidad de utilizar nuevos tejidos corneales donantes. (AU)

Introduction: Lamellar keratoplasties have had a great impact in the management of corneal edema due to endothelial dysfunction. Minimally invasive transplant techniques such as descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) have helped to reduce the morbidity involved in performing penetrating keratoplasty in this type of patient. Even so, these are complex techniques that are not free of complications and require a long line of surgical learning and an even more demanding experience in postoperative management.Clinical caseAn 89-year-old woman suffering from Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and undergoing combined cataract and DMEK surgery presented stromal edema predominantly inferior and sectoral detachment of the graft 24h after the intervention. After re-bubbling in consultations and 4 days later, the graft was observed rolled and free in the anterior chamber.She underwent re-DMEK with preservation of the original graft after 24h, with de-epithelialization to optimize visualization. The graft was stained with trypan blue and the posterior stroma was protected with air. The graft was reimplanted under intraocular maneuvers and with an air bubble.Twenty four hours after surgery, the adhered graft was observed, with a great decrease in stromal edema. One month later, the patient had a clear cornea, persistent complete graft adhesion, and visual acuity of 0.9.ConclusionThe discovery of free roll in the anterior chamber after DMEK surgery constitutes the most complex form of graft detachment. Corneal edema as well as the arrangement of the different intraocular structures are conditions to be considered for the surgical resolution of this complication. In many cases, surgical repositioning of the graft is feasible, which means saving costs without the need to use new donor corneal tissues. (AU)

Re-descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with preservation of the original graft after free roll in anterior chamber: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Lamellar keratoplasties have had a great impact in the management of corneal edema due to endothelial dysfunction. Minimally invasive transplant techniques such as Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) have helped to reduce the morbidity involved in performing penetrating keratoplasty in this type of patient. Even so, these are complex techniques that are not free of complications and require a long line of surgical learning and an even more demanding experience in postoperative management. CLINICAL CASE: An 89-year-old woman suffering from Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and undergoing combined cataract and DMEK surgery presented stromal edema predominantly inferior and sectoral detachment of the graft 24 h after the intervention. After re-bubbling in consultations and 4 days later, the graft was observed rolled and free in the anterior chamber. She underwent re-DMEK with preservation of the original graft after 24 h, with de-epithelialization to optimize visualization. The graft was stained with trypan blue and the posterior stroma was protected with air. The graft was reimplanted under intraocular maneuvers and with an air bubble. 24 h after surgery, the adhered graft was observed, with a great decrease in stromal edema. One month later, the patient had a clear cornea, persistent complete graft adhesion, and visual acuity of 0.9. CONCLUSION: The discovery of free roll in the anterior chamber after DMEK surgery constitutes the most complex form of graft detachment. Corneal edema as well as the arrangement of the different intraocular structures are conditions to be considered for the surgical resolution of this complication. In many cases, surgical repositioning of the graft is feasible, which means saving costs without the need to use new donor corneal tissues.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in first-year university students and its association with lifestyle-related factors: A cross-sectional study / Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes universitarios de primer año y su asociación con factores relacionados con el estilo de vida: un estudio transversal

Introduction: Students’ dietary habits are moving from Mediterranean diet guidelines towards unhealthy eating patterns. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a sample of Spanish university students and its association with lifestyle factors. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 685 university students who completed a self-report questionnaire. The data collected included demographic characteristics, dietary habits, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Mediterranean diet adherence was assessed by measuring the consumption of the foods that compose this type of diet through a score (range 0–10). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was considered poor, average, or good. Results: The mean adherence score for the Mediterranean diet was 4.9 (1.2) points out of 10. A higher degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was observed in physically active students (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.05–5.10; p=0.038). Students who performed ≥150min/week of physical activity (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.33–0.62; p<0.001) and those over 25 years old (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.73; p=0.002) were less prone to low adherence to the Mediterranean diet than sedentary and younger students. Conclusion: The university students have poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results of the current study indicate that age and physical activity are associated with Mediterranean diet adherence. It is urgent to raise awareness among university students and implement intervention programmes promoting a healthy lifestyle. (AU)

Introducción: Los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes universitarios se están alejando de las pautas de la dieta mediterránea hacia patrones de alimentación poco saludables. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios españoles y su asociación con factores del estilo de vida. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 685 universitarios que cumplimentaron un cuestionario autoinformado. Los datos recogidos incluyeron características demográficas, hábitos alimentarios, hábito tabáquico, consumo de alcohol y actividad física. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue evaluada midiendo el consumo de alimentos que componen este tipo de dieta a través de una escala (rango 0-10). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se consideró pobre, media y buena. Resultados: La puntuación media de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue de 4,9 (1,2) puntos de 10. Se observó un mayor grado de adherencia a esta dieta en los estudiantes físicamente activos (OR=2,31; IC95%: 1,05-5,10; p=0,038). Los estudiantes que realizaban ≥150min/semana de actividad física (OR=0,45; IC95%: 0,33-0,62; p<0,001) y los mayores de 25 años (OR=0,44; IC95%: 0,26-0,73; p=0,002) fueron menos propensos a una baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea que los estudiantes sedentarios y los más jóvenes. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios tienen una pobre adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que la edad y la actividad física están asociadas con la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Es urgente concienciar a los universitarios e implementar programas de intervención que promuevan un estilo de vida saludable. (AU)

Postnatal genetic and neurodevelopmental assessment in infants born at term with severely low birth weight of non-placental origin.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of genetic syndromes and childhood neurodevelopmental impairment in non-malformed infants born at term with severely low birth weight and no evidence of placental insufficiency. METHODS: This case series was constructed from the data of infants delivered at term between 2013 and 2018 with severely low birth weight, defined as birth weight more than 2.5 SD below the mean, with normal maternal and fetal Doppler (umbilical artery, fetal middle cerebral artery, cerebroplacental ratio and uterine artery) and no maternal hypertensive disorder during pregnancy or fetal structural anomaly on prenatal ultrasound examination. Clinical exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis were performed using DNA extracted from the children's saliva. Cognitive and psychomotor development was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th edition tests, according to the child's age at testing. RESULTS: Among the 36 405 infants born within the study period, 274 (0.75%) had a birth weight below -2.5 SD, of whom 98 met the inclusion criteria. Among the 63 families contacted, seven (11%) reported a postnatal diagnosis of a genetic syndrome and a further 18 consented to participate in the study. Median gestational age at delivery was 38.0 (interquartile range (IQR), 37.3-38.5) weeks and median birth weight was 2020 (IQR, 1908-2248) g. All 18 children showed a normal result on clinical exome sequencing and CNV analysis, but six (33%) obtained a low score on neurodevelopmental testing. CONCLUSION: Non-malformed severely small term infants with no clinical or Doppler signs of placental insufficiency present a high rate of genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental impairment during childhood. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in first-year university students and its association with lifestyle-related factors: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Students' dietary habits are moving from Mediterranean diet guidelines towards unhealthy eating patterns. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a sample of Spanish university students and its association with lifestyle factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 685 university students who completed a self-report questionnaire. The data collected included demographic characteristics, dietary habits, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Mediterranean diet adherence was assessed by measuring the consumption of the foods that compose this type of diet through a score (range 0-10). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was considered poor, average, or good. RESULTS: The mean adherence score for the Mediterranean diet was 4.9 (1.2) points out of 10. A higher degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was observed in physically active students (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.05-5.10; p=0.038). Students who performed ≥150min/week of physical activity (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.33-0.62; p<0.001) and those over 25 years old (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.73; p=0.002) were less prone to low adherence to the Mediterranean diet than sedentary and younger students. CONCLUSION: The university students have poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results of the current study indicate that age and physical activity are associated with Mediterranean diet adherence. It is urgent to raise awareness among university students and implement intervention programmes promoting a healthy lifestyle.

A prospective study on the efficacy of oral estrogen in female patients with acromegaly.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral estrogen therapy in female patients of childbearing age with uncontrolled acromegaly and to verify the significance of the presence of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) in somatotropinomas. METHODS: Prospective study in which biochemical and radiological evaluations were performed at baseline and after six months of treatment with an oral formulation of ethinyl-estradiol 0.03 mg and levonorgestrel 0.15 mg. ER-α was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunopositivity was considered when it was present in ≥ 1% of cells. RESULTS: Eight patients with uncontrolled acromegaly were selected. All patients underwent surgery. Four patients were on octreotide LAR 30 mg, two patients were on lanreotide autogel 120 mg, and two patients had active disease after surgery. At the end of follow-up, IGF-I normalized in 3/8 (37%), 2/8 (25%) patients presented with mean IGF-I reduction of 25% but without IGF-I normalization, and 2/8 (25%) did not respond-one had a 13% increase in IGF-I and IGF-I level remained unchanged after treatment in the other. In one patient, treatment was discontinued after 3 months due to side effects (headache), with an IGF-I reduction of 28% but without normalization. Tumor volume increase (41%) was observed in only one patient (the only tumor with positive ER-α expression). CONCLUSIONS: In uncontrolled patients with acromegaly, a trial with oral estrogen can be an option for young women. Oral estrogen was well tolerated, but the somatotropinoma that presented ER-α expression was the only somatotropinoma that presented growth during treatment.

T-wave peak-end interval and ratio of T-wave peak-end and QT intervals: novel arrhythmogenic and survival markers for dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: In the past few years, novel markers such as the interval between the peak and the end of T-wave (Tpte) and Tpte/QT ratio have been shown to have high sensitivity for ventricular arrhythmias and mortality. We analyzed these and other parameters of ventricular repolarization, such as QT interval, QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc), and QT dispersion (QTd) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Additionally, we investigated their relationship with the progression of the disease, echocardiographic parameters, and ventricular arrhythmias and assessed their prognostic value with development of clinical signs or mortality as the final outcome. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic data were obtained from 236 dogs with MMVD and 15 healthy dogs. Prognostic and survival information was also recorded for the MMVD group. All ventricular repolarization indices were measured in 10 lead electrocardiographic recordings. RESULTS: With the exception of the QT interval, most repolarization markers increased along with the frequency of arrhythmias and with the progression of MMVD. The parameters that best identified ventricular arrhythmias (AUC > 0.7) were Tpte (aVR, rV2, average rV2-V10, average rV2-V4) and Tpte/QT (II, aVR, rV2). In survival analysis, statistically significant markers with the highest differences in median survival were Tpte (maximum of any lead, maximum rV2-V10), QTc aVR, and Tpte rV2. CONCLUSION: Tpte and Tpte/QT are good non-invasive markers for clinical risk stratification in dogs with MMVD.

A New Species of Moth Lacewing from the Mesoamerican Genus Adamsiana Penny 1996 (Neuroptera: Ithonidae).

The poorly studied Mesoamerican genus Adamsiana Penny, 1996 (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) was considered monotypic for more than 20 years, containing only Adamsiana curoei Penny. However, a second species was recently discovered in the southern region of Guatemala and is described here as Adamsiana alux Ardila-Camacho, Castillo-Argaez & Martinez, sp. nov. A key to the Adamsiana species and a list of the extant New World Ithonidae species are provided. This work emphasizes the necessity for more studies about not only Ithonidae but also all entomological fauna in the Neotropics.

Clinical spectrum of BICD2 mutations.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mutations in the BICD2 gene cause autosomal dominant lower extremity-predominant spinal muscular atrophy 2A (SMALED2A), a condition that is associated with a specific pattern of thigh and calf muscle involvement when studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients may present minor clinical sensory impairment, but objective sensory involvement has yet to be demonstrated. METHODS: We collected clinical data from 11 patients from five different families carrying mutations in BICD2. Genetic diagnosis was achieved using gene panel testing and skin biopsies were taken from two patients to study the epidermal nerve fiber density. RESULTS: In the studied patients, three new pathogenic mutations were detected as well as the already defined pathogenic p.Ser107Leu mutation. The most frequent clinical picture was characterized by lower-limb weakness in combination with foot deformities. One patient manifested clinical and electrophysiological sensory impairment, and the epidermal nerve fiber density study of another patient revealed the existence of a small-fiber neuropathy. Muscle MRI showed a common pattern of fat deposition including selective involvement of gluteus medius and minimus at the pelvic level, the anterior compartment of the thigh and the posterior compartment of the calf, with only mild or no involvement of the intrinsic foot muscles. CONCLUSIONS: We report three new pathogenic mutations in the BICD2 gene. Muscle MRI confirms the existence of a selective pattern of thigh and leg muscle involvement in SMALED2A, providing additional information regarding pelvic and foot muscles. Moreover, our results raise the possibility of sensory involvement in the disease.

Determining the probability of locating peaks using computerized peak-location methods in gamma-ray spectra as a function of the relative peak-area uncertainty.

The probabilities of locating peaks with a high relative peak-area uncertainty were determined empirically with nine types of peak-location software used in laboratories engaged in gamma-ray spectrometry measurements. It was found that it is not possible to locate peaks with a probability of 0.95, when they have a relative peak-area uncertainty in excess of 50%. Locating peaks at these relatively high peak-area uncertainties with a probability greater than 0.95 is only possible in the library-driven mode, where the peak positions are supposed a-priori. The deficiencies of the library-driven mode and the possibilities to improve the probabilities of locating peaks are briefly discussed.

Exposure assessment of Salmonella spp. in fresh pork meat from two abattoirs in Colombia.

Salmonella spp. prevails as the main cause of raw meat foodborne illnesses. Implementation of food safety management systems such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points in swine abattoirs can help to mitigate pathogen exposure. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the HACCP system in slaughterhouses in Colombia on reducing Salmonella spp. exposure due to the consumption of fresh pork meat. Two slaughtering plants with a different degree of HACCP implementation were selected and a quantitative microbiological mapping was built by collecting 820 samples of Salmonella spp. enumeration at different processing stages. The overall Salmonella spp. mean concentration was 1.15 ± 0.55 log MPN/g, with no significant differences among plants (P > 0.05). Deficiencies during carcass disinfection and temperature during distribution of meat cuts from the slaughterhouse lacking of HACCP resulted in a significant increase of Salmonella spp. prevalence (20-40%) (P < 0.05). Processing stages with the highest pathogen prevalence were transport (28-32%) and hanging (16-36%). The exposure assessment model estimated a higher degree of pathogen contamination at the time of consumption in meat cuts from the slaughterhouse without HACCP (3.36 versus 3.68 log MPN/g) and 10-fold increase in the probability a consumer would acquire a contaminated portion (0.011 versus 0.105). Implementation of the HACCP system in swine slaughterhouses represents tangible Salmonella spp. reduction control and public health protection measures.

Posible rotura tendinosa espontánea relacionada con el uso de atorvastatina / Possible spontaneous tendon rupture related to the use of atorvastatin

La rotura espontánea del tendón cuadricipital (REC) es una lesión de escasa incidencia cuya etiología se ha relacionado con el uso de diferentes fármacos. Las estatinas son fármacos que se han asociado a la aparición de reacciones adversas que afectan al sistema músculo-esquelético, aunque la relación entre su uso y las roturas tendinosas es controvertida. Presentamos 2 casos de REC de pacientes en tratamiento con atorvastatina. Este trabajo contribuye a aumentar la literatura publicada sobre la posible asociación entre el uso de atorvastatina y la aparición de REC

Spontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture (SQTR) is a lesion of low incidence whose etiology has been related to the use of different drugs. Statins have been associated with the appearance of adverse reactions that affect the musculoskeletal system. However, the relationship between their use and tendon rupture remains controversial. We present 2 cases of SQTR in patients taking atorvastatin. This work contributes to increase the published literature of the association between use of atorvastatin and appearance of SQTR

Assessment of antibodies against three zoonotic bacteria and associated risk factors in pig farms in Colombia. / Evaluación de anticuerpos frente a tres bacterias zoonóticas y factores de riesgo asociados en explotaciones porcinas de Colombia.

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella spp., Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella spp., together with associated risk factors, in pigs from various farms in seven regions of Colombia. A total of 350 blood samples were obtained from pigs at different stages in the production cycle of 23 farms, which were tested using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic kits Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (Qiagen®, Hilden, Germany), INgezim TB porcine and INgezim Brucella porcine (Ingenasa®, Madrid, Spain). The overall seroprevalence for Salmonella spp. was 42.85% (n = 150) and, for M. bovis, it was 5.42% (n = 19). No positive samples were detected for Brucella spp. In the farms evaluated, the presence of pests, such as rodents, was found to be the management variable with a statistically significant association with seropositivity for Salmonella spp. and M. bovis. The results suggest that, at some point in the primary production cycle, pigs came into contact with zoonotic bacteria, resulting in seropositivity, which may pose a risk to public health and national pig production.

Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une étude menée en Colombie pour déterminer la prévalence sérologique de Salmonella spp., de Mycobacterium bovis et de Brucella spp. et d'identifier les facteurs de risques associés chez les porcs de différents élevages répartis dans sept régions du pays. Au total, 350 prélèvements sanguins de porcs en différentes phases du cycle de production et provenant de 23 exploitations ont été analysés en utilisant les kits de diagnostic suivants : test immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (Qiagen®, Hilden, Allemagne), INgezim TB porcina et INgezim Brucella porcina (Ingenasa®, Madrid, Espagne). La prévalence sérologique globale de Salmonella spp. était de 42,85 % (n = 150) et celle de M. bovis de 5,42 % (n = 19) ; aucun échantillon n'a été trouvé positif pour Brucella spp. En ce qui concerne les facteurs en lien avec la gestion des élevages, une corrélation significative au plan statistique a été observée dans les exploitations étudiées entre la présence de ravageurs (rongeurs notamment) et l'apparition d'anticorps dirigés contre Salmonella spp. et M. bovis. Les résultats obtenus laissent penser que les porcs ont été exposés à ces bactéries zoonotiques à un moment ou un autre du cycle de production primaire, ce qui a déclenché l'apparition d'anticorps ; il s'agit d'une situation à risque tant pour la santé publique que pour la filière porcine du pays.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia respectoa Salmonella spp., Mycobacterium bovis y Brucella spp., junto con los factores de riesgo asociados, en porcinos de diferentes explotaciones de producción en siete regiones de Colombia. Se obtuvieron 350 muestras sanguíneas de porcinos de diferentes etapas del ciclo productivo provenientes de 23 explotaciones,y estas fueron analizadas utilizando los estuches de ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA) para diagnóstico Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (Qiagen®, Hilden, Alemania), INgezim TB porcina e INgezim Brucella porcina (Ingenasa®, Madrid, España). La seroprevalencia general respecto a Salmonella spp. fue del 42,85% (n = 150),y para M. bovis, del 5,42% (n = 19); no se detectó ninguna muestra positiva respecto a Brucella spp. Se determinó que en las explotaciones evaluadas, la presencia de plagas, como los roedores, fue la variable de manejo con asociación estadísticamente significativa a la seropositividad respecto a Salmonella spp.y a M. bovis. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, en algún momento del ciclo de producción primaria, los cerdos estuvieron en contacto con las bacterias zoonóticas frente a las que se obtuvo seropositividad, lo cual puede representar un riesgo para la salud pública y la producción porcina a nivel nacional.

Bloqueo del plano del erector espinal en L4 en cirugía de artrodesis lumbar: serie de casos / L4 erector spinal plane block after lumbar spine arthrodesi: a case-series

INTRODUCCIÓN: El bloqueo en el plano del erector espinal (erector spinae plane [ESP]) a nivel torácico se ha desarrollado en los últimos años en multitud de procedimientos quirúrgicos, incluido los pacientes tratados mediante artrodesis lumbar. Nos propusimos evaluar el efecto analgésico del ESP realizado a nivel lumbar L4 en el postoperatorio inmediato en pacientes intervenidos por artrodesis lumbar. MÉTODOS Y CASOS CLÍNICOS: Descripción de una serie de 8 casos clínicos intervenidos por artrodesis lumbar a quienes se les realizó un bloqueo del ESP lumbar bilateral en L4 con 20 ml de ropivacaína al 0,2% por lado. Se describió la intensidad del dolor durante las primeras 48 h del postoperatorio mediante escala visual analógica y la analgesia de rescate empleada. El dolor postoperatorio en reposo fue controlado en todos los pacientes (entre 0 y 3), si bien el dolor en movimiento fue considerado entre leve y severo según los pacientes (entre 0 y 8). El consumo de rescate fue entre 1 y 22mg de morfina. CONCLUSIONES: El ESP lumbar parece contribuir al control del dolor postoperatorio inmediato durante las primeras 48 h en pacientes intervenidos por artrodesis lumbar

INTRODUCTION: Thoracic erector spinae plane block is now performed in many different surgical procedures, including lumbar spinal fusion. We evaluated the analgesic effect of lumbar ESP performed at L4 after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. METHODS AND CASE SERIES: Eight patients scheduled for lumbar spinal fusion were included in the case series. Erector spinae plane block was performed at L4 preoperatively, administering 20 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine on each side. We recorded patient-reported pain intensity during the first 48 postoperative hours using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and rescue analgesia requirements. Pain at rest was controlled in all patients (VAS 0 to 3), although pain on movement ranged from mild to severe (VAS 0 to 8). Rescue analgesia consumption ranged from 1 to 22mg morphine. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar ESP appears to contribute to pain control during the first 48hours after lumbar spinal fusion

Bloqueo del nervio mediano en el antebrazo y arteria mediana persistente / Median nerve block in the forearm and persistent median artery

No disponible

Estudio anatómico de la distribución del volumen administrado tras bloqueo en el plano profundo del erector espinal a nivel lumbar / Anatomical description of anaesthetic spread after deep erector spinae block at L-4

Introducción: El bloqueo en el plano del erector espinal (erector spinae plane [ESP]) a nivel torácico se ha introducido cómo método analgésico postoperatorio. Sin embargo, a pesar de que su empleo a nivel lumbar ha sido publicada, su distribución y su mecanismo de acción no han sido esclarecidos. Nos propusimos describir la técnica de punción del bloqueo ESP a nivel lumbar y evaluar la distribución de 20ml administrados a nivel de la transversa de L4 en un modelo cadavérico. Métodos: Estudio observacional tras 12bloqueos del ESP lumbar en L4, sobre un modelo de cadáver fresco (6 bilaterales). Se valoró la distribución de 20ml de solución inyectada contrastada mediante tomografía computarizada en las 6 muestras. Fueron evaluados mediante estudio anatómico 4 de las muestras, 2mediante disección por planos y otros 2fueron congelados y seccionados con cortes axiales de 2-2,5cm de grosor. Resultados: La distribución de la solución inyectada se distribuyó en el interior de la musculatura erectora espinal cráneo-caudal desde L2 a L5, con límite medial en la articulares interapofisarias y lateral en la fascia toracolumbar. El paso anterior a la transversa no se observó en el 33% de los casos, fue mínimo y sin afectación de los nervios espinales correspondientes en el 51%, siendo extenso en 2 muestras (16%) y con afectación del nervio espinal correspondiente. Conclusiones: El ESP lumbar a nivel de L4 tiene una acción constante sobre los ramos posteriores de los nervios espinales, siendo infrecuente su paso al espacio paravertebral y bloquear el nervio espinal

Introduction: Thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block is now used for postoperative analgesia. However, although reports of lumbar ESP have been published, the anesthetic spread and mechanism of action of this technique remains unclear. We describe the lumbar ESP block technique and evaluate the spread of 20ml of solution administered at the level of the transverse process of L4 in a cadaver model. Methods: Observational study after 12 lumbar ESP blocks at L4 on a fresh cadaver model (6 bilaterally). The spread of 20ml of injected contrast solution was assessed by computed tomography in all 6 samples. Four of the samples were evaluated by anatomical study, 2 by plane dissection, and 2 others were frozen and cut into 2-2.5cm axial slices. Results: The injected solution spread from L2 to L5 in a cranio-caudal direction in the erector spinae muscle, reaching the facet joints medially and the thoracolumbar fascia laterally. In 33% of cases the solution did not spread anterior to the transverse process; in 51%, spread was minimal and did not affect the corresponding spinal nerves, and in 2 samples (16%), spread was extensive and reached the corresponding spinal nerves. Conclusions: Lumbar ESP at L4 always acts on the posterior branches of the spinal nerves, but seldom spreads to the paravertebral space to block the spinal nerve

Anatomical description of anaesthetic spread after deep erector spinae block at L-4. / Estudio anatómico de la distribución del volumen administrado tras bloqueo en el plano profundo del erector espinal a nivel lumbar.

INTRODUCTION: Thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block is now used for postoperative analgesia. However, although reports of lumbar ESP have been published, the anesthetic spread and mechanism of action of this technique remains unclear. We describe the lumbar ESP block technique and evaluate the spread of 20ml of solution administered at the level of the transverse process of L4 in a cadaver model. METHODS: Observational study after 12 lumbar ESP blocks at L4 on a fresh cadaver model (6 bilaterally). The spread of 20ml of injected contrast solution was assessed by computed tomography in all 6 samples. Four of the samples were evaluated by anatomical study, 2 by plane dissection, and 2 others were frozen and cut into 2-2.5cm axial slices. RESULTS: The injected solution spread from L2 to L5 in a cranio-caudal direction in the erector spinae muscle, reaching the facet joints medially and the thoracolumbar fascia laterally. In 33% of cases the solution did not spread anterior to the transverse process; in 51%, spread was minimal and did not affect the corresponding spinal nerves, and in 2 samples (16%), spread was extensive and reached the corresponding spinal nerves. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar ESP at L4 always acts on the posterior branches of the spinal nerves, but seldom spreads to the paravertebral space to block the spinal nerve.

L4 erector spinal plane block after lumbar spine arthrodesi: A case-series. / Bloqueo del plano del erector espinal en L4 en cirugía de artrodesis lumbar: serie de casos.

INTRODUCTION: Thoracic erector spinae plane block is now performed in many different surgical procedures, including lumbar spinal fusion. We evaluated the analgesic effect of lumbar ESP performed at L4 after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. METHODS AND CASE SERIES: Eight patients scheduled for lumbar spinal fusion were included in the case series. Erector spinae plane block was performed at L4 preoperatively, administering 20ml of 0.2% ropivacaine on each side. We recorded patient-reported pain intensity during the first 48 postoperative hours using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and rescue analgesia requirements. Pain at rest was controlled in all patients (VAS 0 to 3), although pain on movement ranged from mild to severe (VAS 0 to 8). Rescue analgesia consumption ranged from 1 to 22mg morphine. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar ESP appears to contribute to pain control during the first 48hours after lumbar spinal fusion.

Características y seguimiento de 38 casos de bronquiolitis obliterante post-infecciosa en Bogotá­Colombia / Characteristics and follow up of 38 Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans cases in Bogota­Colombia

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a chronic obstructive bronchial disease that develops after a viral respiratory infection, acquired before 2 years of age. In Bogotá, Colombia our group published in 2017 the description and follow-up of 21 cases of this pathology. The purpose of this publication is to describe the evolution of 38 children with PIBO living in Bogotá, Colombia at 2640 m above sea level, with an average of 6.5 years of follow-up. The estimated prevalence of PIBO in the population group in the group studied here was at least 1 case per 10,526 children under 15 years of age. The highest frequency of oxygen dependence and pulmonary hypertension are highlighted in this group of children living at high altitude…

La bronquiolitis obliterante post-infecciosa (BOPI) es una enfermedad bronquial obstructiva crónica, que se desarrolla luego de una infección respiratoria viral, adquirida antes de los 2 años de vida. En Bogotá, Colombia nuestro grupo hizo en al año 2017 la descripción y seguimiento de 21 casos de esta patología. La presente publicación tiene como objetivo describir la evolución de 38 niños con BOPI que viven en la ciudad de Bogotá a 2640 m sobre el nivel del mar, con un segumiento de 6.5 años en promedio. Se calcula que la prevalencia de la enfermedad en el grupo poblacional de donde se refieren estos casos, es de al menos 1 caso por 10.526 menores de 15 años. Se destacan la mayor frecuencia de oxigeno dependencia e hipertensión pulmonar en este grupo de niños que viven a gran altura.