Understanding the Dynamics of Inflammatory Cytokines in Endodontic Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.

The primary aim of this literature review is to delineate the key inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of pulp inflammation. By elucidating the roles of these cytokines, a deeper comprehension of the distinct stages of inflamed pulp can be attained, thereby facilitating more accurate diagnostic strategies in endodontics. The PRISMA statement and Cochrane handbook were used for the search strategy. The keywords were created based on the review question using the PICO framework. The relevant studies were meticulously assessed according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria for this systematic review. A rigorous quality checklist was implemented to evaluate each included study, ensuring scrutiny for both quality and risk-of-bias assessments. The initial pilot search conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and WoS databases yielded 9 pertinent articles. Within these articles, multiple cytokines were identified and discussed as potential candidates for use in endodontic diagnosis, notably including IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-2. These cytokines have been highlighted due to their significant roles in the inflammatory processes associated with pulp pathology. The identification of specific inflammatory cytokines holds promise for enhancing endodontic diagnostic procedures and exploring diverse treatment modalities. However, the current body of research in this area remains limited. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential of cytokines in refining diagnostic techniques in endodontics.

Prevalence of NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: This research quantitatively explored the prevalence of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses related to the care of patients experiencing heart failure. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted with the systematic review protocol registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022382565). METHODS: Systematic searches were performed between March and April 2022, including peer review for selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis of all included studies. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed, focusing on the proportion of nursing diagnoses in patients with heart failure. The logistic random effects model with maximum likelihood estimation assessed the combined proportion, and heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic. The goodness-of-fit of the meta-analysis results was assessed using the leave-one-out method and by evaluating publication bias through contour-enhanced funnel plots. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, WOS, and Embase were used. RESULTS: Of the 11 studies that met the eligibility criteria, 44 nursing diagnoses were identified as most frequently occurring in patients experiencing heart failure, and only 16 diagnoses appeared in more than one publication. The combined mean proportion was 35.73% (95% CI = [26.67%; 48.56%]), indicating the presence of heterogeneity based on the I2 value. However, no publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of the meta-analysis suggest priority diagnoses in individuals with heart failure, such as deficient knowledge (00126). Additionally, secondary diagnoses, such as activity intolerance (00092), excess fluid volume (00026), and ineffective breathing pattern (00032), were identified as responses to decreased cardiac output (00029). Less prevalent nursing diagnoses were associated with deterioration of health status and the need for hospitalization. OBJETIVO: Investigar cuantitativamente la prevalencia de diagnósticos de enfermería NANDA-I asociados con la atención de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. DISEÑO: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. El protocolo de revisión sistemática quedó registrado en PROSPERO) número de registro: CRD42022382565). MÉTODOS: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas entre marzo y abril de 2022, llevándose a cabo una revisión por pares sobre la selección, evaluación de calidad, extracción de datos y análisis de todos los estudios incluidos. Se realizó un metanálisis posterior centrado en la proporción de diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. El modelo logístico de efectos aleatorios con estimación de máxima verosimilitud evaluó la proporción combinada y la heterogeneidad entre los estudios se evaluó mediante el estadístico I2. La bondad de ajuste de los resultados del metanálisis se evaluó mediante el método Leave-one-out y la evaluación del sesgo de publicación mediante gráficos de embudo (funnel plot), denominado Contour-Enhanced Funnel Plot. FUENTES DE DATOS: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, WOS, Embase. RESULTADOS: En los 11 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad, se identificaron 44 diagnósticos de enfermería aunque sólo 16 diagnósticos aparecieron en más de una publicación. La proporción media combinada fue del 35,73% (IC del 95%) = [26,67%; 48,56%]), y el valor de I2 indica la presencia de heterogeneidad, aunque no hay sesgo de publicación. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de este metaanálisis indican que habría diagnósticos prioritarios en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca, como Conocimientos deficientes (00126). Además, se han identificado otros diagnósticos de enfermería como diagnósticos secundarios: Intolerancia a la actividad (00092), Exceso de volumen de líquidos (00026) y Patrón respiratorio ineficaz (00032), que sería la respuesta a Disminución del gasto cardíaco (00029). Además de diagnósticos de enfermeríaa menos prevalentes relacionados con el deterioro del estado de salud y la necesidad de hospitalización.

Seasonal changes in bird communities on poultry farms and house sparrow-wild bird contacts revealed by camera trapping.

Introduction: Wild birds are considered reservoirs of poultry pathogens although transmission routes have not been conclusively established. Here we use camera trapping to study wild bird communities on commercial layer and red-legged partridge farms over a one-year timeframe. We also analyze direct and indirect interactions of other bird species with the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), a potential bridge host. Methods: We conducted camera trapping events between January 2018 and October 2019, in two caged layer farms, one free-range layer farm, and two red-legged partridge farms in South-Central Spain. Results and Discussion: We observed wild bird visits on all types of farms, with the significantly highest occurrence on red-legged partridge farms where food and water are more easily accessible, followed by commercial caged layer farms, and free-range chicken farms. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) followed by spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor) was the most encountered species on all farms, with the highest frequency in caged layer farms. On partridge farms, the house sparrow accounted for 58% of the wild bird detections, while on the free-range chicken farm, it made up 11% of the detections. Notably, the breeding season, when food and water are scarce in Mediterranean climates, saw the highest number of wild bird visits to the farms. Our findings confirm that the house sparrow, is in direct and indirect contact with layers and red-legged partridges and other wild birds independent of the type of farm. Contacts between house sparrows and other bird species were most frequent during the breeding season followed by the spring migration period. The species most frequently involved in interactions with the house sparrow belonged to the order Passeriformes. The study provides a comparative description of the composition and seasonal variations of bird communities in different types of layer/ poultry farms in Southern Spain i.e. a Mediterranean climate. It confirms the effectiveness of biosecurity measures that restrict access to feed and water. Additionally, it underscores the importance of synanthropic species, particularly the house sparrow, as potential bridge vector of avian pathogens.

Menarche and reproductive health in Spanish Roma women from a reproductive justice perspective: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Roma women about their experience of menarche and reproductive health considering the principles of reproductive justice. DESIGN: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with Roma women ages 18 through 67 in different neighborhoods in the southeast of Spain. Using a thematic analysis, we analyzed experiences related to menarche and menstruation and their significance for reproductive health, the preparation for the phase of menarche and intergenerational support. RESULTS: The Roma women interviewed shared their approach to the experiences of menarche and menstruation as children in their family environments with a focus on access to information provided by other women in the family and community for reproductive health management. In their discourses we observed that the onset of menstruation supposes a rupture in the public and private spaces of girls and women. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that women and girls do not gain access to information that contributes to their reproductive wellbeing through their experience of menarche. Access to resources and skills to manage biological changes in adolescents could contribute to reducing the impact of cultural myths, false ideas and taboos that prevent advocacy and empowerment on issues of reproductive justice.

This study shows that the public spaces surrounding Roma women do not provide the tools and resources to promote and maintain their wellbeing and reproductive health after the onset of this important time. Sexual and reproductive health is not addressed during the time of childhood nor adolescence. Roma women lack a framework with an established discourse on reproductive justice, along with the necessary institutional resources. Preparation for and follow-up of the onset of menstruation among Roma women could be a key for their health. These results coincide with qualitative studies carried out in women from different cultural origins, in which menarche and menstruation are experienced as a transcendental fact. In other contexts, similar to Roma women, this stage in women's health lacks resources and information and an adequate approach from the perspective of reproductive health, which conditions the menstrual, sexual and reproductive health of women across their lifespan. Roma women experience menarche as a significant change in the life of a woman. They describe having lived the process as an abandonment of childhood and the beginning of an adult life, one that is implicitly linked to maternity and couple relationships. The results show that they defend the continuity of childhood among the new generation. Roma women express that they experienced menarche as an event that was traumatic, embarrassing and confusing. Menarche and menstruation are attended to in private and among the family, and masculine figures do not participate. The mother is the only transmitter of information and support during the process.

FTA-LAMP based biosensor for a rapid in-field detection of Globodera pallida-the pale potato cyst nematode.

The combination of a sensitive and specific magnetoresistive sensing device with an easy DNA extraction method and a rapid isothermal amplification is presented here targeting the on-site detection of Globodera pallida, a potato endoparasitic nematode. FTA-cards were used for DNA extraction, LAMP was the method developed for DNA amplification and a nanoparticle functionalized magnetic-biosensor was used for the detection. The combinatorial effect of these three emerging technologies has the capacity to detect G. pallida with a detection limit of one juvenile, even when mixed with other related species. This combined system is far more interesting than what a single technology can provide. Magnetic biosensors can be combined with any DNA extraction protocol and LAMP forming a new solution to target G. pallida. The probe designed in this study consistently distinguished G. pallida (∆Vac binding/Vac sensor above 1%) from other cyst nematodes (∆Vac binding/Vac sensor below 1%). It was confirmed that DNA either extracted with FTA-cards or Lab extraction Kit was of enough quantity and quality to detect G. pallida whenever present (alone or in mixed samples), ensuring probe specificity and sensitivity. This work provides insights for a new strategy to construct advanced devices for pathogens in-field diagnostics. LAMP runs separately but can be easily integrated into a single device.

Rapid Detection and Identification of Vancomycin-Sensitive Bacteria Using an Electrochemical Apta-Sensor.

In order to combat the complex and diverse infections caused by bacteria, it is essential to develop efficient diagnostic tools. Current techniques for bacterial detection rely on laborious multistep procedures, with high costs and extended time of analysis. To overcome these limitations, we propose here a novel portable electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection and identification of Gram-positive bacteria that leverages the recognition capabilities of vancomycin and aptamers. A vancomycin-modified screen-printed carbon electrode was used to selectively capture Gram-positive bacteria susceptible to this antibiotic. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that capture was achieved in 10 min, with a limit of detection of only 2 CFU/mL. We then tested the device's potential for aptamer-based bacterial identification using Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus as the test strains. Specifically, electrodes with captured bacteria were exposed to species-specific aptamers, and the resulting changes in current intensity were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry. When used directly in untreated milk or serum, the system was able to successfully identify a small amount of S. aureus and B. cereus (100 CFU/mL) in less than 45 min. This novel biosensor has the potential to serve as an invaluable tool that could be used, even by inexperienced staff, in a broad range of settings including clinical diagnostics, food safety analysis, environmental monitoring, and security applications.

Biocontrol of almond canker diseases caused by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi.

BACKGROUND: Botryosphaeria dieback is a canker disease caused by fungal species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family that threatens almond productivity. The most common control measure to prevent canker development is the application of fungicides which are being phased out by European Union regulations. In the present study, two sets of bacterial strains were evaluated for their antifungal activity against pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae species through in vitro and in vivo antagonism assays. RESULTS: The rhizospheric bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC17 and Bacillus velezensis ACH16, as well as the endophytic bacteria Bacillus mobilis Sol 1-2, respectively inhibited 87, 95, and 63% of the mycelial growth of Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and Macrophomina phaseolina. Additionally, they significantly reduced the length of lesions caused by N. parvum and B. dothidea in artificially inoculated detached almond twigs. All these bacterial strains produce hydrolytic enzymes that are able to degrade the fungal cell wall. P. aeruginosa AC17 also produces toxic volatile compounds, such as hydrogen cyanide. This strain was the most effective in controlling Botryosphaeria dieback in planta under controlled conditions at a level similar to the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride and standard chemical fungicide treatments. CONCLUSION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC17 is the best candidate to be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against Botryosphaeriaceae fungi affecting almond. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Diseño y validación de una escala de soporte social para adolescentes / Design and validation of a social support scale for adolescents

Introducción: el soporte social es de gran importancia en la adolescencia; aquellos adolescentes con mayor soporte tienen mejores estrategias de salud. Existen pocos instrumentos para evaluar el soporte social en todas sus dimensiones y las fuentes de éste, ninguno ha sido validado en español. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de un nuevo instrumento para identificar el soporte social y la fuente de este soporte en adolescentes. Material y métodos: la escala de soporte social para adolescentes (ESSA) consiste en un cuestionario de autoaplicación de 22 ítems, con cinco opciones de respuesta tipo Likert que van de nunca a siempre, con seis subescalas: familia, mejor amigo, compañeros de clase, profesores, otras relaciones, y salud general y oral. Los datos de la ESSA se recogieron de estudiantes de secundaria (N = 191; edad media 16.1 ± 1.2 años). Los análisis psicométricos incluyeron análisis factorial de ejes principales, consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y correlaciones de la escala con la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (MSPSS) y la Escala de Depresión 20 del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD20) (correlaciones de Spearman, p). Resultados: el análisis factorial de ejes principales mostró que la escala explica el 72.23% de la variabilidad. La escala completa mostró una consistencia interna adecuada, con un alfa de Cronbach = 0.92 [0.90-0.93]. En cuanto a la validez discriminativa, la correlación con las puntuaciones de la escala CES-D20 fue ρ = -0.32, la escala mostró una fuerte correlación con las puntuaciones MSPSS (p = 0.81). Los resultados fueron estables en la repetibilidad (ICC = 0.93). Conclusiones: la ESSA es válida y confiable. Este instrumento podría ser adecuado para una amplia gama de aplicaciones de investigación entre la población adolescente (AU)

Introduction: social support is of great importance in adolescence; those who have more support have better health strategies. There are few instruments to evaluate social support in all its dimensions and the sources of this support, and none has been validated in Spanish. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of a new instrument to identify social support and the source of this support for adolescents. Material and methods: the adolescent social support scale (ADSSS) consists of a 22-item self-report questionnaire with 5 Likert-type responses ranging from never to always and six different subscales: family, best friend, classmates, teachers, other relationships, and general and oral health. ADSSS data were collected from high school students (N = 191; mean age 16.1 years [standard deviation = 1.2]). Psychometric analyses included main axis factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and scale correlations with the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-20 (CES-D20) (Spearman correlations, p). Results: main axis factor analysis showed that the scale explained 72.23% of the variability. The entire scale showed adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 [0.90-0.93]. For discriminative validity, the correlation with CES-D20 scores was p = -0.32, and the scale showed a strong correlation with MSPSS scores (p = 0.81). The results were stable across repeated measurements (ICC = 0.93). Conclusions: the ADSSS has good reliability and validity. This instrument could be suitable for a broad range of research applications among adolescents (AU)

Using the Expanded Andersen Model to Determine Factors Associated with Mexican Adolescents' Utilization of Dental Services.

Many factors contribute as facilitators of or barriers to adolescents' use of dental services. Guided by the expanded Andersen model for dental service utilization, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the use of dental services among adolescents ages 12-16 in south Mexico City (n = 247). Adolescents answered a questionnaire on predisposing factors (age and gender), enabling factors (socioeconomic status, oral health support, parental years of education, and previous dental treatments), and psychosocial and behavioral factors (attitudes towards oral health; knowledge of gingivitis; alcohol, drug, and tobacco use; and depressive symptoms), and they underwent a visual clinical exam to determine their need factors (caries and gingivitis). The adolescents reported whether or not they had attended a dental visit in the last year for any reason. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate these factors. Having oral health support increased the odds of a dental visit by 2.69 (95% CI = 1.24-5.84). Previous dental treatment increased the odds of a dental visit by 2.25 (95% CI = 1.12-4.52). The presence of depressive symptoms reduced the odds of a dental visit by 4% (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99). Enabling and psychosocial factors of oral health support and previous dental treatment were positively associated with the utilization of dental services, while depressive symptoms were negatively associated.

Assessment of the Penetration of an Endodontic Sealer into Dentinal Tubules with Three Different Compaction Techniques Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.

Adequate root canal sealing is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. There are numerous techniques available; identifying simple and efficient techniques is important to provide good patient care. The purpose of the study was to compare the maximum penetration depth and the percentage of sealant penetration of an endodontic sealer into dentine tubules using cold lateral condensation, continuous wave, and hybrid techniques, and to contrast the effectiveness of two different tapered gutta-percha master cones (0.02 and 0.04). A sample of sixty single root teeth was used. Six experimental groups were formed from the three filling techniques and the two tapered master cones. Images were acquired using a confocal laser scanning microscope. In the apical root third, the penetration percentage was higher in the hybrid compared with the continuous wave technique. The results indicated a higher penetration depth of hybrid compared with cold lateral condensation in the middle and coronal thirds, and in the apical third, a higher penetration was identified in the hybrid group compared with the continuous wave group. No significant differences in penetration were found comparing 0.02 with 0.04 taper gutta-percha groups. The coronal cross-sections presented a higher penetration than the apical third sections. In conclusion, the hybrid technique a had higher maximum sealer penetration than the continuous wave in the apical third, and the coronal third hybrid and continuous wave had a higher penetration than cold lateral condensation.

High cell-free DNA is associated with disease progression, inflammasome activation and elevated levels of inflammasome-related cytokine IL-18 in patients with myelofibrosis.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder classified among chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by exacerbated myeloid and megakaryocytic proliferation and bone marrow fibrosis. It is induced by driver (JAK2/CALR/MPL) and high molecular risk mutations coupled to a sustained inflammatory state that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Patient outcome is determined by stratification into risk groups and refinement of current prognostic systems may help individualize treatment decisions. Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA comprises short fragments of double-stranded DNA, which promotes inflammation by stimulating several pathways, including inflammasome activation, which is responsible for IL-1ß and IL-18 maturation and release. In this work, we assessed the contribution of cfDNA as a marker of disease progression and mediator of inflammation in MF. cfDNA was increased in MF patients and higher levels were associated with adverse clinical outcome, a high-risk molecular profile, advanced disease stages and inferior overall survival, indicating its potential value as a prognostic marker. Cell-free DNA levels correlated with tumor burden parameters and markers of systemic inflammation. To mimic the effects of cfDNA, monocytes were stimulated with poly(dA:dT), a synthetic double-stranded DNA. Following stimulation, patient monocytes released higher amounts of inflammasome-processed cytokine, IL-18 to the culture supernatant, reflecting enhanced inflammasome function. Despite overexpression of cytosolic DNA inflammasome sensor AIM2, IL-18 release from MF monocytes was shown to rely mainly on the NLRP3 inflammasome, as it was prevented by NLRP3-specific inhibitor MCC950. Circulating IL-18 levels were increased in MF plasma, reflecting in vivo inflammasome activation, and highlighting the previously unrecognized involvement of this cytokine in MF cytokine network. Monocyte counts were higher in patients and showed a trend towards correlation with IL-18 levels, suggesting monocytes represent a source of circulating IL-18. The close correlation shown between IL-18 and cfDNA levels, together with the finding of enhanced DNA-triggered IL-18 release from monocytes, suggest that cfDNA promotes inflammation, at least in part, through inflammasome activation. This work highlights cfDNA, the inflammasome and IL-18 as additional players in the complex inflammatory circuit that fosters MF progression, potentially providing new therapeutic targets.

An intrapulmonary tumor out of the box / Un tumor intrapulmonar “out of the box”

Primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PIT) are very rare tumors of unclear pathogenesis. We report a case of a 60-years-old woman who present with an accidental finding of a mass on her chest. Histology analysis shown to be primary intrapulmonary thymoma and she underwent surgical resection, remaining currently asymptomatic and without evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Since its rarity, reporting these cases is essential to better understand its clinical course and management. (AU)

Los timomas intrapulmonares primarios (TIP) son tumores muy infrecuentes de patogenia incierta. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 60 años que presenta el hallazgo accidental de una masa en el tórax. El análisis histológico demostró que se trataba de un timoma intrapulmonar primario y fue sometida a resección quirúrgica, permaneciendoactualmente asintomática y sin evidencia de recurrencia o metástasis. Dada su rareza, la comunicación de estos casos es esencial para comprender mejor su curso clínico y manejo. (AU)

Root-knot nematode assessment: species identification, distribution, and new host records in Portugal.

Considered one of the most devastating plant parasitic nematodes worldwide, Meloidogyne spp. (commonly known as the root-knot nematodes (RKNs)) are obligate sedentary endoparasites that establish in the roots, causing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of surrounding cells, triggering the formation of galls. These galls will affect root development and physiology, leading to substantial yield losses. During 2017-2022, an extensive survey of Meloidogyne species was undertaken in Portugal (mainland and islands). A total of 1,071 samples were collected by the National Plant Protection Organization (DGAV) and private farmers from different regions of the country and were analysed at the Laboratory of Nematology (NemaINIAV). Samples in which the presence of Meloidogyne sp. was detected were used to perform bioassays to obtain females and juveniles for further studies. Since the accurate identification of RKNs is an important aspect of crop management, morphological and biochemical characterisation was performed. The most common morphological features were observed, showing consistency with previous descriptions of the genus. The biochemical identification using the esterase (EST) phenotype revealed the phenotypes of Meloidogyne arenaria, M enterolobi, M. hispanica, M. hapla, M. incognita, M javanica, and M. luci. Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica were found to be the most prevalent species in the different regions followed by M. arenaria and M. hapla. This is the first distribution report performed in Portugal on RKNs, contributing to the development of management strategies and to updated information on the status of these pests in Europe.

Depression symptoms and sweet foods consumption in Mexican college men: the role of emotional eating / Síntomas de depresión y consumo de alimentos dulces en un grupo de varones universitarios mexicanos: el papel de la alimentación emocional

Objective: to evaluate the association between depression symptoms and frequency of unhealthy food consumption, and to explore the mediation effect of emotional eating in this relationship in college men. Method: a cross-sectional study was performed on 764 men at a public university in Mexico City. To assess emotional eating (EE), a validated Spanish-language version of the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) was applied. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the scale elaborated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) and a Questionnaire of Frequency of Food Consumption was used to measure frequency of food consumption. Path and mediation analysis were applied. Results: one-fifth (20.42 %) of college men reported depression symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). Students with depression symptoms had a higher mean EE score (p < 0.001), a higher frequency of fried food (p = 0.049), sweetened beverages (p = 0.050), and sweet foods consumption (p = 0.005) than students with low CES-D score. According to the mediation analysis, the effect of depression symptoms on the frequency of sweet foods consumption was partially mediated by EE (23.11 % of the total effect). Conclusion: the prevalence of depression symptoms was high. EE is an important mediator in the relationship between depression symptoms and the consumption of sweet foods. Understanding the manifestation of eating behaviors in men and their relationship with depression symptoms may help clinicians and health authorities develop treatment and prevention programs aimed to decrease the risk of obesity and eating disorders.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre los síntomas de depresión y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos no saludables y explorar el efecto dela alimentación emocional como variable mediadora en esta relación en hombres universitarios.Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en 764 hombres de una universidad pública en la Ciudad de México. Se aplicó la versión validada enespañol del Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) para evaluar la alimentación emocional (AE). Los síntomasde depresión fueron evaluados mediante la escala elaborada por el Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) y el consumo de alimentos seevaluó con el Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de senderos y de mediación.Resultados: una quinta parte (20,42 %) de los hombres universitarios reportaron síntomas de depresión (CES-D ≥ 16). Los estudiantes consíntomas de depresión tuvieron una puntuación media de AE más alta (p < 0,001), mayor frecuencia de consumo de frituras (p = 0,049), debebidas azucaradas (p = 0,050) y de alimentos dulces (p = 0,005) que aquellos con baja puntuación en la escala de CES-D. De acuerdo con elanálisis de mediación, el efecto de los síntomas de depresión sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos dulces fue mediado parcialmentepor la AE (23,11 % del efecto total).Conclusión: la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión fue alta. La alimentación emocional es un mediador importante en la relación entresíntomas de depresión y consumo de alimentos dulces. Conocer la conducta alimentaria en los hombres y su relación con los síntomas dedepresión puede ayudar a los médicos y autoridades de salud a desarrollar tratamientos y programas preventivos destinados a disminuir elriesgo de obesidad y trastornos alimentarios.(AU)

Depression symptoms and sweet foods consumption in Mexican college men: the role of emotional eating.

Introduction: Objective: to evaluate the association between depression symptoms and frequency of unhealthy food consumption, and to explore the mediation effect of emotional eating in this relationship in college men. Method: a cross-sectional study was performed on 764 men at a public university in Mexico City. To assess emotional eating (EE), a validated Spanish-language version of the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) was applied. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the scale elaborated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) and a Questionnaire of Frequency of Food Consumption was used to measure frequency of food consumption. Path and mediation analysis were applied. Results: one-fifth (20.42 %) of college men reported depression symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). Students with depression symptoms had a higher mean EE score (p < 0.001), a higher frequency of fried food (p = 0.049), sweetened beverages (p = 0.050), and sweet foods consumption (p = 0.005) than students with low CES-D score. According to the mediation analysis, the effect of depression symptoms on the frequency of sweet foods consumption was partially mediated by EE (23.11 % of the total effect). Conclusion: the prevalence of depression symptoms was high. EE is an important mediator in the relationship between depression symptoms and the consumption of sweet foods. Understanding the manifestation of eating behaviors in men and their relationship with depression symptoms may help clinicians and health authorities develop treatment and prevention programs aimed to decrease the risk of obesity and eating disorders.

Introducción: Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre los síntomas de depresión y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos no saludables y explorar el efecto de la alimentación emocional como variable mediadora en esta relación en hombres universitarios. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en 764 hombres de una universidad pública en la Ciudad de México. Se aplicó la versión validada en español del Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) para evaluar la alimentación emocional (AE). Los síntomas de depresión fueron evaluados mediante la escala elaborada por el Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) y el consumo de alimentos se evaluó con el Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de senderos y de mediación. Resultados: una quinta parte (20,42 %) de los hombres universitarios reportaron síntomas de depresión (CES-D ≥ 16). Los estudiantes con síntomas de depresión tuvieron una puntuación media de AE más alta (p < 0,001), mayor frecuencia de consumo de frituras (p = 0,049), de bebidas azucaradas (p = 0,050) y de alimentos dulces (p = 0,005) que aquellos con baja puntuación en la escala de CES-D. De acuerdo con el análisis de mediación, el efecto de los síntomas de depresión sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos dulces fue mediado parcialmente por la AE (23,11 % del efecto total). Conclusión: la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión fue alta. La alimentación emocional es un mediador importante en la relación entre síntomas de depresión y consumo de alimentos dulces. Conocer la conducta alimentaria en los hombres y su relación con los síntomas de depresión puede ayudar a los médicos y autoridades de salud a desarrollar tratamientos y programas preventivos destinados a disminuir el riesgo de obesidad y trastornos alimentarios.

Reconstruction of Large Full-Thickness Lower Eyelid Defects With Remnant Eyelid Rotation, Semicircular Skin and Muscle Flap, and Lateral Tarsoconjunctival Flap.

PURPOSE: To describe and assess the results of reconstruction of large, full-thickness defects of the central or medial lower eyelid using a semicircular skin flap, rotation of the remnant lateral eyelid, and a lateral tarsoconjunctival flap. METHODS: The surgical approach is described, and the authors performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients between 2017 and 2023 reconstructed with this technique. Outcomes were assessed for size of eyelid defect, vision, subjective symptoms, facial and palpebral aperture symmetry, eyelid position and closure, corneal examination, surgical complications, and need for subsequent surgical intervention. Postoperative appearance was graded on malposition, distortion, asymmetry, contour deformity, and scarring (MDACS). RESULTS: Charts of 45 patients were identified. The average size of the lower eyelid defect was 18 mm (ranging from 12 to 26 mm). Facial and palpebral aperture symmetry were acceptable and all patients had preserved visual acuity and eyelid position and closure. The MDACS cosmetic score was perfect (0) in 15.6% (7/45) of eyelids, good (1-4) in 80.0% (36/45) of eyelids, and mediocre (5-14) in 4.4% (2/45) of eyelids. Second stage reconstruction was not necessary in 32 (71.1%) cases. There were no serious surgical complications, but minor complications included redness of the eyelid margin and pyogenic granulomas. CONCLUSIONS: Medial rotation of the remnant lower eyelid with a lateral semicircular skin and muscle flap over a lateral tarsoconjunctival flap was very effective in this series. Benefits include scarring within the facial skin tension lines, maintained vision throughout the recovery period, no eyelid retraction, and often single stage reconstruction.