Relacao isquiotibiais/quadriceps em mulheres idosas utilizando o dinamometro isocinetico / Isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps ratio in elderly women

A relacao entre o torque isocinetico maximo dos isquiotibiais e o torque isocinetico maximo do quadriceps (relacao IQT/QUA) e um parametro utilizado para descrever o equilibrio muscular da articulacao do joelho. Uma alteracao desse equilibrio predispoe a articulacao ou o grupo muscular mais fraco a lesao. A obtencao de valores de referencia da relacao IQT/QUA de idosas e importante, p[ois possibilita comparacoes entre individuos dessa faixa etaria. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer valores normativos para a relacao IQT/QUA de idosas nao-institucionalizadas que vivem na regiao metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Este foi um estudo transversal de uma amostra composta por 47 idosas voluntarias (69,11+-3,64 anos). Como nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significativa entre os membros, foram descritos apenas a media, o desvio padrao, o coeficiente de variacao (CV) e o erro estimado (EE) da relacao IQT/QUA do membro inferior dominante, nas velocidades angulares de (60s e 180s), utilizando o dinamometro isocinetico Biodex System 3 Pro. Na velocidade de 60s, a media foi de 47,95+-10,99(por cento); o Cv, 22,91; e o EE, 6,85. Na velocidade de 180s a media foi 59,59+-13,40(por cento); o Cv, 22,49; e o EE, 6,43. Assim, o valor da relacao foi maior com o aumento da velocidade. Os resultados aqui encontrados, aliados a outros de diferentes regioes, podem ser considerados referencia para idosas vivendo na comunidade, o que podera direcionar a reabilitacao, tornando-a mais efetiva. Alem disso, esses dados permitirao comparacoes com futuros estudos que envolvam populacoes de idosas comunitarias, institucionalizadas ou com alguma doenca

Thermoregulation in hypertensive men exercising in the heat with water ingestion.

Hydration is recommended in order to decrease the overload on the cardiovascular system when healthy individuals exercise, mainly in the heat. To date, no criteria have been established for hydration for hypertensive (HY) individuals during exercise in a hot environment. Eight male HY volunteers without another medical problem and 8 normal (NO) subjects (46 +/- 3 and 48 +/- 1 years; 78.8 +/- 2.5 and 79.5 +/- 2.8 kg; 171 +/- 2 and 167 +/- 1 cm; body mass index=26.8 +/- 0.7 and 28.5 +/- 0.6 kg/m2; resting systolic (SBP)=142.5 and 112.5 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)=97.5 and 78.1 mmHg, respectively) exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer (40% of VO2peak) with (500 ml 2 h before and 115 ml every 15 min throughout exercise) or without water ingestion, in a hot humid environment (30 masculine C and 85% humidity). Rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, heart rate (HR), SBP, DBP, double product (DP), urinary volume (Vu), urine specific gravity (Gu), plasma osmolality (Posm), sweat rate (S R), and hydration level were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in a split plot design, followed by the Newman-Keuls test. There were no differences in Vu, Posm, Gu and S R responses between HY and NO during heat exercise with or without water ingestion but there was a gradual increase in HR (59 and 51%), SBP (18 and 28%), DP (80 and 95%), Tre (1.4 and 1.3%), and Tsk (6 and 3%) in HY and NO, respectively. HY had higher HR (10%), SBP (21%), DBP (20%), DP (34%), and Tsk (1%) than NO during both experimental situations. The exercise-related differences in SBP, DP and Tsk between HY and NO were increased by water ingestion (P<0.05). The results showed that cardiac work and Tsk during exercise were higher in HY than in NO and the difference between the two groups increased even further with water ingestion. It was concluded that hydration protocol recommended for NO during exercise could induce an abnormal cardiac and thermoregulatory responses for HY individuals without drug therapy.

Estudo da propriocepcao e desempenho funcional em idosos com osteoartrite de joelhos / Proprioception and funcional performance study in the elderly wit knee osteoarthritis

Ha evidencias de que a propriocepcao e o desempenho funcional tendem a declinar nos idosos saudaveis e essa tendencia e ainda maior nos idosos com osteoartite (OA). O objetivo deste foi verificar se havia diferenca quanto a propriocepcao e a funcao entre um grupo de 11 idosos assintomaticos (GASS) e 11 com OA de joelhos (GOA). A propriocepcao foi avaliada por meio de um dinamometro isocinetico e o protocolo consistiu de um teste de reposicionamentoativo a 20o. e 40o. de flexao de joelhos, em cadeia cinetica aberta. O desempenho funcional foi avaliado pelos testes de velocidade auto-selecionada de marcha e subida e descida de escadas. Para caracterizar a amostra foram usadas variaveis clinicas e para avaliar a gravidade da doenca, o Indice Lequesne. Os dados foram analizados utilizando-se o teste nao-parametrico de Mann-Whitney U. A maior proporcao do GOA apresentava OA leve, segundo o Indice de Lequesne. Houvee tendencia do GOA a apresentar maior deficit proprioceptivo comparado ao grupo assintomatico, apesar dessa diferenca nao ter sido estatisticamente significativa (p=0,056 e p=0,134 para 20o. e 40o., respectivamente). Os individuos com OA de joelhos foram mais lentos nos tres testes funcionais (p=0,003, p=0,000 e p=0,000 para velocidade de marcha, subida e dsecida de escadas, respectivamente). Concluimos que os individuos com OA leve de joelhos apresentam deficit funcional e tendencia a reducao da acuidade proprioceptiva em relacao aos idosos saudaveis. A intervencao precoce da fisioterapia ode contribuir para prevenir a progressao dos deficits de propriocepcao que tem impacto negativo sobre o desempenho funcional

Thermoregulation in hypertensive men exercising in the heat with water ingestion

Hydration is recommended in order to decrease the overload on the cardiovascular system when healthy individuals exercise, mainly in the heat. To date, no criteria have been established for hydration for hypertensive (HY) individuals during exercise in a hot environment. Eight male HY volunteers without another medical problem and 8 normal (NO) subjects (46 ± 3 and 48 ± 1 years; 78.8 ± 2.5 and 79.5 ± 2.8 kg; 171 ± 2 and 167 ± 1 cm; body mass index = 26.8 ± 0.7 and 28.5 ± 0.6 kg/m²; resting systolic (SBP) = 142.5 and 112.5 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) = 97.5 and 78.1 mmHg, respectively) exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer (40 percent of VO2peak) with (500 ml 2 h before and 115 ml every 15 min throughout exercise) or without water ingestion, in a hot humid environment (30ºC and 85 percent humidity). Rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, heart rate (HR), SBP, DBP, double product (DP), urinary volume (Vu), urine specific gravity (Gu), plasma osmolality (Posm), sweat rate (S R), and hydration level were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in a split plot design, followed by the Newman-Keuls test. There were no differences in Vu, Posm, Gu and S R responses between HY and NO during heat exercise with or without water ingestion but there was a gradual increase in HR (59 and 51 percent), SBP (18 and 28 percent), DP (80 and 95 percent), Tre (1.4 and 1.3 percent), and Tsk (6 and 3 percent) in HY and NO, respectively. HY had higher HR (10 percent), SBP (21 percent), DBP (20 percent), DP (34 percent), and Tsk (1 percent) than NO during both experimental situations. The exercise-related differences in SBP, DP and Tsk between HY and NO were increased by water ingestion (P < 0.05). The results showed that cardiac work and Tsk during exercise were higher in HY than in NO and the difference between the two groups increased even further with water ingestion. It was concluded that hydration protocol recommended for NO during exercise could induce an abnormal cardiac and thermoregulatory responses for HY individuals without drug therapy.