[Systemic embolism after reversion to sinusal rhythm of persistent atrial flutter]. / Embolismo sistémico tras reversión a ritmo sinusal del aleteo auricular persistente.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of embolism in atrial flutter has been underestimated in the routine clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study the incidence of thromboembolic events after restoration of sinus rhythm (by catheter ablation or cardioversion) was compared in two groups of consecutive patients, with a different anticoagulation protocol. A total of 169 patients were evaluated. A first retrospective analysis of 79 non anticoagulated patients (group I). A second prospective group of 90 patients who were treated with an anticoagulation protocol (group II) similar to that for patients with atrial fibrillation. All had typical atrial flutter of at least one month's duration before the procedure. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in group I was 61 12 years and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 57 6%. Patients in group II had a mean age of 61 10 years and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 56 9%. No differences were observed regarding prevalence of structural cardiopathy, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, atrial size or atrial fibrillation between the two groups of patients. Four patients in the retrospective analysis (5%) had an embolic event associated with the procedure, compared with 0 (0%) in the group of patients treated with the anticoagulation protocol. The efficient anticoagulation was associated with a lower risk of thromboembolic events (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of embolic events after reversion to sinusal rhythm of persistent atrial flutter can be decreased. These patients should follow the same recommendations of anticoagulation that apply for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation that are going to be reverted to sinus rhythm.

Embolismo sistémico tras reversión a ritmo sinusaldel aleteo auricular persistente / Systemic embolism after reversion to sinusal rhythm of persistent atrial flutter

Pacientes y métodos. En este estudio se compara la incidencia de eventos tromboembólicos después de restaurar el ritmo sinusal (por ablación con catéter o cardioversión) en dos grupos consecutivos de pacientes con un protocolo de anticoagulación diferente. Se evaluaron 169 pacientes. Un primer análisis retrospectivo de 79 pacientes no anticoagulados (grupo I). Un segundo grupo prospectivo de 90 pacientes se trató con un protocolo de anticoagulación (grupo II) similar al de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular. Todos presentaban aleteo auricular típico de al menos un mes de duración antes del procedimiento. Resultados. Grupo I: la edad media fue 61ñ12 años y la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda media de 57 ñ 6 por ciento. Grupo II: tuvo una edad media 61 ñ 10 años y fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda media de 56 ñ 9 por ciento. No hubo ninguna diferencia en la prevalencia de cardiopatía estructural, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, disfunción ventricular izquierda, tamaño auricular o fibrilación auricular entre los dos grupos de pacientes. Cuatro pacientes del análisis retrospectivo (5 por ciento) presentaron un episodio embólico asociado con el procedimiento, comparado con 0 (0 por ciento) de los pacientes tratados con un protocolo de anticoagulación. La anticoagulación eficaz se asoció con un menor riesgo de tromboembolismo (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. Es posible reducir la incidencia de eventos embólicos después de la reversión a ritmo sinusal del aleteo auricular persistente. Estos pacientes deben seguir las mismas recomendaciones de anticoagulación que los pacientes con fibrilación auricular persistente que van a ser revertidos a ritmo sinusal (AU)

Manejo de la miocardiopatía dilatada / Management of dilated cardiomypathy

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Carbon dioxide field flooding minimizes residual intracardiac air after open heart operations.

Transesophageal echocardiographic studies were used to monitor the presence of air bubbles in the heart after open heart operations. After cardiac valvular procedures all 22 patients managed with careful deairing procedures had persistence of air bubbles for at least 30 minutes and usually for 45 minutes. In 56 patients with CO2 field flooding, all foam disappeared in less than 1 minute in 48 patients and the remaining 8 had complete disappearance in 1 to 24 minutes. These observations demonstrate the ineffectiveness of the usual deairing maneuvers and the effectiveness of CO2 field flooding in displacing air.