Association between obstructive coronary disease and diabetic retinopathy: Cross-sectional study of coronary angiotomography and multimodal retinal imaging.

AIMS: To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and coronary artery disease (CAD) using coronary angiotomography (CCTA) and multimodal retinal imaging (MMRI) with ultra-widefield retinography and optical coherence tomography angiography and structural domain. METHODS: Single-center, cross-sectional, single-blind. Patients with diabetes who had undergone CCTA underwent MMRI. Uni and multivariate analysis were used to assess the association between CAD and DR and to identify variables independently associated with DR. RESULTS: We included 171 patients, 87 CAD and 84 non-CAD. Most CAD patients were males (74 % vs 38 %, P < 0.01), insulin users (52 % vs 38 %, p < 0.01) and revascularized (64 %). They had a higher prevalence of DR (48 % vs 22 %, p = 0.01), microaneurysms (25 % vs 13 %, p = 0.04), intraretinal cysts (22 % vs 8 %, p = 0.01) and areas of reduced capillary density (46 % vs 20 %, p < 0.01). CAD patients also had lower mean vascular density (MVD) (15.7 % vs 16.5,%, p = 0.049) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) circularity (0.64 ± 0.1 vs 0.69 ± 0.1, p = 0.04). There were significant and negative correlations between Duke coronary score and MVD (r = -0.189; p = 0.03) and FAZ circularity (r = -0,206; p = 0.02). CAD, DM duration and insulin use independently associated with DR. CONCLUSIONS: CAD patients had higher prevalence of DR and lower MVD. CAD, DM duration and insulin use were independently associated with DR.

Postharvest of fresh white shimeji mushroom subjected to UV-C radiation.

This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest characteristics of edible fresh white shimeji mushrooms under different UV-C radiation doses. The experimental design used was fully randomized, in a 5 × 8 factorial scheme (UV-C radiation dose: 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 kJ m-2 x day of analysis), with 3 replications of 70 ± 1 g mushrooms each. After exposure to different doses, they were stored at 2 ± 0.5 °C and 60 ± 3.8 % RH. Data were subjected to permutational multivariate analysis (PERMANOVA) (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significance for interaction, nor the factor day, only for the UV-C radiation doses factor. Regarding PCA, among the doses applied, the dose of 2 kJ m-2 was effective in maintaining the quality of mushrooms with greater lightness, greater whiteness index, a greater amount of total extractable polyphenols, and total antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the dose of 2 kJ m-2 was effective in maintaining the postharvest quality of white shimeji mushrooms.

Prevalência de Violência Sexual com contato e sem contato contra homens brasileiros e fatores associados a sexo forçado / Prevalence of contact and non-contact sexual violence against Brazilian men and factors associated with forced sex

RESUMO Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência da Violência Sexual (VS) contra homens brasileiros e fatores associados. Estudo transversal, que estimou a prevalência de várias formas de VS entre homens brasileiros por meio de questionário virtual. Participaram do estudo 1.241 homens de todos os estados. A maioria era jovem, entre 18 e 39 anos de idade (61,7%), heterossexual (50,2%), do Sudeste (54,4%), das classes socioeconômicas C/D/E (72,1%) e brancos (64,3%). Sobre as prevalências de VS, 70,5% afirmaram ter sofrido VS sem contato, 43,1%, VS com contato, 23,9%, VS com penetração, e 33,1%, sexo forçado. Ser bissexual, ser homossexual e ser divorciado/separado aumentaram as chances de sofrer sexo forçado. Este estudo indica que homens bissexuais e homossexuais têm mais chances de sofrer VS, corroborando outras pesquisas. Entre divorciados/separados, as chances de sofrer VS também se mostraram significativas e precisam ser mais bem exploradas. O estudo oferece a possibilidade de problematização para acolhimento de homens vítimas de VS, pensando majoritariamente na prevenção de efeitos adversos após a violência e na implantação de políticas públicas da área da saúde mais direcionadas para o público-alvo, considerando os principais fatores associados.

ABSTRACT We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual violence against Brazilian men and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which estimated the prevalence of various forms of sexual violence among Brazilian men by means of a virtual questionnaire. A total of 1241 men from all Brazilian states participated in the study. Most participants were young men between 18 and 39 years (61.7%), heterosexual (50.2%), from the Southeast (54.4%), from socioeconomic classes C/D/E (72.1%), and white (64.3%). Regarding the prevalences of sexual violence, 70.5% reported non-contact sexual violence, 43.1% sexual violence with contact, 23.9% sexual violence with penetration, and 33.1% forced sex. Being bisexual homosexual, and being divorced/separated increased the odds of experiencing forced sex. This study indicates that bisexual and homosexual men are more likely to suffer sexual violence, corroborating other research. Among divorced/separated men the chances of experiencing sexual violence were also significant and need to be further explored. The study offers the possibility of problematization for the care of male victims of sexual violence, focusing mainly on the prevention of adverse effects after violence and the implementation of public policies in health that are more directed to the target audience, considering the main associated factors.

Clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine development: a global overview.

This study aims to report analyses regarding the global distribution of institutions involved in clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines throughout February 2022. We retrieved global data from the World Health Organization report on vaccine development. These data allowed us to identify project institutions and plot their geographic coordinates. We produced a georeferenced map using an R programming environment and, based on the geographical location of vaccine developers, we analyzed the subcontinental distribution of clinical trials and the nature of the vaccines. Regionally, South-Southeast Asian countries carried out more clinical trials than any other region, proportionally, although this happened solely for mature technologies. Few trials were under implementation in Latin America and Africa. Our findings confirm previous studies on the regional concentration in the development of technology. However, our contribution lies in showing these phenomena for COVID-19 vaccines in specific subcontinents and technologies, at a country level. Our data underscores which subcontinents perform very few clinical trials for COVID-19 and seem to be ill-prepared for future disease outbreaks, and if these become epidemics or even pandemics and require domestic vaccine development or production. We also consider the case of Brazil, which did not finish the complete cycle of COVID-19 vaccine development in the indicated period; but, with favorable policies, it has potential to engage further in COVID-19 vaccine technology.

Social evolution as moral truth tracking in natural law.

Morality can be adaptive or maladaptive. From this fact come polarizing disputes on the meta-ethical status of moral adaptation. The realist tracking account of morality claims that it is possible to track objective moral truths and that these truths correspond to moral rules that are adaptive. In contrast, evolutionary anti-realism rejects the existence of moral objectivity and thus asserts that adaptive moral rules cannot represent objective moral truths, since those truths do not exist. This article develops a novel evolutionary view of natural law to defend the realist tracking account. It argues that we can identify objective moral truths through cultural group selection and that adaptive moral rules are likely to reflect such truths.

A Survey on Ground Segmentation Methods for Automotive LiDAR Sensors.

In the near future, autonomous vehicles with full self-driving features will populate our public roads. However, fully autonomous cars will require robust perception systems to safely navigate the environment, which includes cameras, RADAR devices, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. LiDAR is currently a key sensor for the future of autonomous driving since it can read the vehicle's vicinity and provide a real-time 3D visualization of the surroundings through a point cloud representation. These features can assist the autonomous vehicle in several tasks, such as object identification and obstacle avoidance, accurate speed and distance measurements, road navigation, and more. However, it is crucial to detect the ground plane and road limits to safely navigate the environment, which requires extracting information from the point cloud to accurately detect common road boundaries. This article presents a survey of existing methods used to detect and extract ground points from LiDAR point clouds. It summarizes the already extensive literature and proposes a comprehensive taxonomy to help understand the current ground segmentation methods that can be used in automotive LiDAR sensors.

Perfil de consumidores e sua percepção sobre antepasto de grão de bico contendo bactéria probiótica / Consumer profile and their perception of chickpea antipasto containing probiotic bacteria

Introdução: A indústria de alimentos e os pesquisadores têm-se dedicado a desenvolver novos produtos funcionais, com características mais naturais. Assim, estudos que identifiquem a demanda dos consumidores buscando atender seus anseios são importantes. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil e a percepção de consumidores sobre antepastos, probióticos e a intenção de compras de um antepasto de grão de bico adicionado de bactéria probiótica. Método: A avaliação foi realizada de forma on-line, por meio de questionário contendo 33 questões respondidas por 322 participantes. Nuvens de palavras foram elaboradas com os resultados obtidos. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes reside na Região Sudeste, 72,7% são do gênero feminino, 37,3% possuem renda familiar de até três salários mínimos, 75,8% sabem o que é antepasto e mais da metade já consumiu grão de bico e conhece seus benefícios. Mais de 84,0% dos participantes sabem o que são probióticos e 90,1% já consumiram produtos probióticos de base láctea. Entretanto, 78,0% demonstraram interesse por opções de produtos probióticos de origem vegetal. Sobre as características que os participantes consideram que melhor descrevem o antepasto, as mais citadas foram: pastoso, macio, agridoce, salgado e firme. A nuvem de palavras mostrou que os respondentes associam probióticos à saúde intestinal e 36% deles estariam dispostos a comprar antepasto de grão de bico contendo probiótico se o produto estivesse disponível no mercado. Conclusão: O estudo indica que os consumidores têm interesse por grão de bico e probióticos, havendo uma demanda potencial por alimentos de origem vegetal contendo probióticos.

Introduction: The food industry and researchers have been dedicated to developing new functional products with more natural characteristics. Thus, studies that identify the demand of consumers seeking to meet their desires are important. Objective: To evaluate the profile and perception of consumers about antipasti, probiotics and purchase intention of a chickpea antipasti added with probiotic bacteria. Method: The evaluation was carried out online, through a questionnaire sent to 322 participants, containing 33 questions. Word clouds were created with the results obtained. Results: Most participants live in the Southeast region, 72.7% are female, 37.3% have a family income of up to three minimum wages, 75.8% know what antipasto is and more than half have consumed beak and knows its benefits. More than 84.0% of the participants know what probiotics are and 90.1% have already consumed dairy-based probiotic products. However, 78.0% showed interest in options for probiotic products of plant origin. About the characteristics that the participants consider that best describe the antipasto, the most cited were: Pasty, Soft, Bittersweet, Salty and Firm. The word cloud showed that respondents associate probiotics with gut health and 36% of those would be willing to buy probiotic-containing chickpea antipasto if the product were available on the market. Conclusion: The study indicates that consumers are interested in chickpeas and probiotics, with a potential demand for plant-based foods containing probiotics.

Clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine development: a global overview / Ensaios clínicos de desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a COVID-19: uma visão global / Ensayos clínicos de desarrollo de vacunas contra el COVID-19: una descripción general

Abstract: This study aims to report analyses regarding the global distribution of institutions involved in clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines throughout February 2022. We retrieved global data from the World Health Organization report on vaccine development. These data allowed us to identify project institutions and plot their geographic coordinates. We produced a georeferenced map using an R programming environment and, based on the geographical location of vaccine developers, we analyzed the subcontinental distribution of clinical trials and the nature of the vaccines. Regionally, South-Southeast Asian countries carried out more clinical trials than any other region, proportionally, although this happened solely for mature technologies. Few trials were under implementation in Latin America and Africa. Our findings confirm previous studies on the regional concentration in the development of technology. However, our contribution lies in showing these phenomena for COVID-19 vaccines in specific subcontinents and technologies, at a country level. Our data underscores which subcontinents perform very few clinical trials for COVID-19 and seem to be ill-prepared for future disease outbreaks, and if these become epidemics or even pandemics and require domestic vaccine development or production. We also consider the case of Brazil, which did not finish the complete cycle of COVID-19 vaccine development in the indicated period; but, with favorable policies, it has potential to engage further in COVID-19 vaccine technology.

Resumo: O objetivo desta comunicação é relatar análises sobre a distribuição global das instituições envolvidas em ensaios clínicos relacionados às vacinas de COVID-19 até fevereiro de 2022. Obtivemos dados globais da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o desenvolvimento de vacinas. Isso nos permitiu identificar as instituições de projetos e traçar as suas coordenadas geográficas. Produzimos um mapa georreferenciado usando a linguagem de programação R e, a partir da localização geográfica dos desenvolvedores de vacinas, analisamos a distribuição subcontinental dos ensaios clínicos e a natureza das vacinas testadas. Regionalmente, os países do Sul-Sudeste Asiático realizaram proporcionalmente mais ensaios clínicos do que qualquer outra região, embora isso tenha acontecido para tecnologias maduras. Poucos ensaios estavam em fase de implementação na América Latina e na África. Nossos achados confirmam estudos anteriores sobre a concentração regional no desenvolvimento de tecnologia. No entanto, a nossa contribuição está em demonstrar esses fenômenos para vacinas contra a COVID-19 em subcontinentes e tecnologias específicas em nível nacional. Os nossos dados ressaltam quais subcontinentes realizam muito poucos ensaios clínicos para COVID-19 e parecem estar mal preparados para futuros surtos de doenças e no caso de esses se tornarem epidemias ou mesmo pandemias e exigirem desenvolvimento ou produção de vacinas domésticas. Consideramos também o caso do Brasil, que não encerrou o ciclo completo de desenvolvimento da vacina contra a COVID-19 no período indicado; mas, com políticas favoráveis, tem potencial para se envolver ainda mais na tecnologia de vacinas contra a COVID-19.

Resumen: El propósito de este texto es reportar un análisis sobre la distribución global de instituciones involucradas en ensayos clínicos relacionados con vacunas del COVID-19 hasta febrero de 2022. Se recogieron datos globales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre el desarrollo de vacunas; lo que se pudo identificar las instituciones del proyecto y rastrear sus coordenadas geográficas. Se elaboró un mapa georreferenciado utilizando el lenguaje de programación R y, a partir de la ubicación geográfica de los desarrolladores de vacunas, se analizó la distribución subcontinental de los ensayos clínicos y la naturaleza de las vacunas probadas. A nivel regional, los países del Sur Sureste Asiático llevaron a cabo proporcionalmente más ensayos clínicos que cualquier otra región, aunque esto se realizó con tecnologías consolidadas. Se registraron pocos ensayos en la etapa de implementación en América Latina y África. Los hallazgos confirman los estudios previos sobre la concentración regional en el desarrollo tecnológico. Sin embargo, permiten un aporte al demostrar estos fenómenos para vacunas contra el COVID-19 en subcontinentes y tecnologías específicas a nivel nacional. Los datos revelan los subcontinentes que realizan pocos ensayos clínicos para el COVID-19 y que no parecen estar bien preparados para futuros brotes de enfermedades, en caso de que se conviertan en epidemias o incluso pandemias, requiriendo el desarrollo o la producción de vacunas nacionales. Se considera también el caso de Brasil, que no completó el ciclo completo de desarrollo de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 en el periodo señalado; pero, con políticas favorables, tiene el potencial de involucrarse aún más en la tecnología de la vacuna del COVID-19.

Posterior-Medial Meniscal Root Repair Through Lateral Tibial Tunnel Combined With Medial Opening Osteotomy and Homologous Graft.

When there is a rupture in the meniscal roots or close to them, the menisci suddenly and considerably reduce their capacity to absorb the axial mechanical load that passes through the knee, quickly leading to the development of a process of chondral degeneration. The varus deformity of the lower limb (when the mechanical axis crosses the medial compartment of the knee) favors this type of injury owing to the overload in the medial compartment. When the patient has both varus deformity and medial meniscal posterior root injury, there is a clear indication for surgical realignment of the affected lower limb. There is still not a consensus regarding combining meniscal root repair with corrective osteotomy, although there is a tendency to perform both procedures aiming at long-term joint preservation. We present a safe alternative technique for simultaneous medial meniscal posterior root repair using a lateral tibial transosseous tunnel associated with a valgus-producing high tibial osteotomy with homologous bone grafting, allowing a full return to daily activities and sports.

Periprosthetic Knee Infection - Part 2: Treatment.

Several treatment modalities are proposed for periprosthetic infections, with variable success rates. However, efficacy is related to the appropriate selection of cases for each type of treatment. Debridement with implant retention is indicated in acute infections with fixed implant, and its success depends on the type of infection, comorbidities of the host, and virulence of the etiological agent. One- or two-stage revision is required in cases in which biofilm is forming, or of implant loosening. The choice between performing the review in one or two stages depends on factors such as etiological agent identification, pathogen virulence, local and systemic host factors. Rescue procedures such as arthrodesis, amputation, resection arthroplasty or even antibiotic suppression are reserved for cases in which the infection has not been eradicated.

Periprosthetic Knee Infection - Part 1: Risk Factors, Classification and Diagnosis.

Infection is one of the most feared complications in the postoperative period of knee arthroplasties. With the progressive aging of the population and the increased incidence of degenerative joint diseases, there is an exponential increase in the number of arthroplasties performed and, consequently, in the number of postoperative infections. The diagnosis of these should follow a hierarchical protocol, with well-defined criteria, which lead to diagnostic conclusion, thus guiding the most appropriate treatment. The aim of the present update article is to present the main risk factors, classifications and, mainly, to guide diagnostic investigation in an organized manner.

Meniscal Root Repair Alone or Combined with Different Procedures After at Least 6 Months of Follow-Up: A Series of Cases.

Purpose: To analyze clinical and functional outcomes of patients submitted to posterior meniscal root repair of the medial or lateral meniscus in different settings, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods: Retrospective multicentric study assessing epidemiological characteristics and clinical-functional results of 22 patients who underwent meniscal root reinsertion (MRR) by transtibial technique. This study addressed different settings: isolated medial root repair, medial root repair associated with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and lateral root repair associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Results: Twelve patients had an isolated tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus and underwent MRR alone. Six patients had a varus axis >5°, undergoing MRR in addition to HTO in the same surgical procedure. Four patients underwent repair of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus associated with simultaneous reconstruction of the ACL. The main results of the study were observed in the improvement of the IKDC score from 27.7% preoperatively to 69.8% in the postoperative period (p < 0.0001) and the Lysholm score of 44.4 points preoperatively to 88.4 points in the postoperative period (p < 0.0001). Significant clinical and subjective improvements were also reported. Conclusion: Medial meniscal root repair, associated or not with valgus tibial osteotomy (when indicated) and lateral meniscal root repair associated with ACL reconstruction, improved clinical, functional, and subjective results of the patients presented in this case series in the short term.

Periprosthetic Knee Infection - Part 1: Risk Factors, Classification and Diagnosis / Infecção periprotética do joelho - Parte 1: Fatores de risco, classificação e diagnóstico

Abstract Infection is one of the most feared complications in the postoperative period of knee arthroplasties. With the progressive aging of the population and the increased incidence of degenerative joint diseases, there is an exponential increase in the number of arthroplasties performed and, consequently, in the number of postoperative infections. The diagnosis of these should follow a hierarchical protocol, with welldefined criteria, which lead to diagnostic conclusion, thus guiding the most appropriate treatment. The aim of the present update article is to present the main risk factors, classifications and, mainly, to guide diagnostic investigation in an organized manner.

Resumo A infecção é uma das complicações mais temidas no pós-operatório de artroplastias do joelho. Com o envelhecimento populacional progressivo e o aumento da incidência de doenças degenerativas articulares, observa-se um aumento exponencial do número de artroplastias realizadas e, consequentemente, do número de infecções pós-operatórias. O diagnóstico destas devem seguir um protocolo hierarquizado, com critérios bem definidos, que conduzam à conclusão diagnóstica, orientando, assim, o tratamento mais adequado. O objetivo do presente artigo de atualização é apresentar os principais fatores de risco, as classificações e, principalmente, guiar de forma organizada a investigação diagnóstica.

Periprosthetic Knee Infection - Part 2: Treatment / Infecção periprotética do joelho - Parte 2: Tratamento

Abstract Several treatment modalities are proposed for periprosthetic infections, with variable success rates. However, efficacy is related to the appropriate selection of cases for each type of treatment. Debridement with implant retention is indicated in acute infections with fixed implant, and its success depends on the type of infection, comorbidities of the host, and virulence of the etiological agent. One- or two-stage revision is required in cases in which biofilm is forming, or of implant loosening. The choice between performing the review in one or two stages depends on factors such as etiological agent identification, pathogen virulence, local and systemic host factors. Rescue procedures such as arthrodesis, amputation, resection arthroplasty or even antibioticsuppressionarereservedforcasesinwhichtheinfectionhasnotbeeneradicated.

Resumo Diversas modalidades de tratamento são propostas para as infecções periprotéticas, com índices de sucesso variáveis. No entanto, a eficácia está relacionada à seleção adequada dos casos para cada tipo de tratamento. O desbridamento com retenção do implante é indicado em infecções agudas com implante fixo, e seu sucesso depende do tipo de infecção, das comorbidades do hospedeiro e da virulência do agente etiológico. A revisão em um ou dois estágios se impõem nos casos em que haja formação de biofilme, ou nos quais se tenha afrouxamento do implante. A escolha entre realizar a revisão em um ou dois estágios depende de fatores como identificação do agente etiológico, virulência do patógeno, fatores locais e sistêmicos do hospedeiro. Os procedimentos de salvamento como artrodese, amputação, artroplastia de ressecção ou, ainda, supressão antibiótica são reservados para os casos em que não se conseguiu erradicação da infecção.

COVID-19 prevention, control and management during dental care in a school clinic / Prevenção, controle e manejo da COVID-19 durante o atendimento odontológico em clínica escola

This study investigated the effectiveness of physical and mechanical barriers in the prevention, control and management of COVID-19 during dental care. In this cross-sectional study, two research students from the eighth period of the dentistry course performed 24 consultations fromJanuary to June 2022, in the 4 specialties under study: surgery (S), restorative dentistry (D),endodontics (E) and periodontics (P). For each specialty researched, there were 3 groups: control (CG), which adopted the current biosafety norms of the Federal Council of Dentistry (FCD); with circular shield (G1) and with rectangular shield (G2). For each specialty, the researcher performed 6 dental appointments, whose patients were chosen by lot to which group they would participate, so that the distribution was equitable between the groups. Aerosol stains were found around office equipment, as well as on professionals' personal protective equipment(PPE)and close to the patient. The maximum distance found from aerosol splashes to the naked eye was 1.43m during prophylaxis procedures in the CG. In all groups, most of the splashes were found on the PPEusedby professionals, especially on gloves, in the professionals' wrist region; on the patient, on the apron and neck. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups within the specialties (p-value > 0.05), disregarding the comparison between pairs. It was concluded that there was dissemination of aerosol droplets in all dental visits in the 4 specialties studied. Although the PPE proposed by the FCDare effective as a physical barrier to reduce cross-infection and the spread of droplets and aerosols, as well as a preventive measure against COVID-19 during dental care, the professional can use other devices that demonstrate effectiveness, such as the circular screens and the acrylic box, during the dental procedures (AU).

Este estudo investigoua eficácia de barreiras físicas e mecânicas na prevenção, controle e manejo da COVID-19 durante o atendimento odontológico. Neste estudo transversal, dois alunos pesquisadores do oitavo período do curso de Odontologia realizaram24 atendimentosde janeiro a junhode 2022, nas 4 especialidades em estudo: cirurgia (C), dentísticarestauradora(D), endodontia (E) e periodontia (P). Para cada especialidade pesquisada houve3 grupos: controle (GC), que adotou as normas vigentes de biossegurança do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO); com anteparo circular (G1)e com o anteparo retangular (G2).Para cada especialidade, o pesquisador realizou 6 atendimentos, cujos pacientes foram escolhidos por sorteio para qual grupo participariam, de modoquea distribuição fosse equitativa entre os grupos. As manchas de aerossóis foram encontradas em torno dos equipamentos do consultório, bem como em equipamentos de proteção individual dos profissionais e próximas ao paciente. A máxima distância encontrada de respingos de aerossóis a olho nu foi de 1,43m durante procedimentos de profilaxia em acadêmicos com problemas periodontais foi encontrada no GC. Em todos os grupos, amaioria dos respingos foram encontrados sobre osequipamentos de proteção individual (EPI)utilizados pelos profissionais, principalmente nas luvas, na região de punho dos profissionais;no paciente, no avental e pescoço.Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos dentro das especialidades(p-valor > 0,05), prescindindo acomparação entre os pares. Concluiu-se que houve disseminação de gotículas de aerossóis em todos os atendimentos odontológicos nas 4 especialidadesestudadas. Apesar de os EPIpropostos pelo CFO serem eficazes como barreira física para diminuiçãode infecção cruzada e da propagação de gotículas e aerossóis, bem como medida preventiva contra a COVID-19 durante o atendimento odontológico, o profissional poderá lançar mão de outros aparatos que demonstrem eficácia, como por exemplo, os anteparos circulares e a caixa acrílica, durante os procedimentos odontológicos (AU).

Evaluation of the pandemic and vaccination against COVID-19 in the health of dental academics / Influência da pandemia da COVID-19 e vacinação na saúde física, mental e no desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de odontologia

This study investigated the prevalence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and vaccination among dental students from public and private institutions, as well as verified the level of influence of the pandemic and vaccination on physical, mental health and academic performance. In this cross-sectional study an online questionnaire using Google Forms® was applied to dental students from a public and a private university on epidemiological data, COVID-19, vaccination and the impact of social distancing on health. The rate of COVID-19 infection in both groups was 36.8% (n=46), and when asked about the period of infection, 82.6% of these (n=38) contracted it before the first dose, but there were no statistically significant differences (χ2=2.667; p=0.102) between the groups. There was a difference between the groups tested, since 56.3% of the students from G1 were vaccinated with a second dose, compared to 29.6% from G2 (χ2= 16.554; p= 0.0009). Students were asked about the existence of risks in the dentistry course, and 76.8% considered that there are risks (n=96), with a statistically significant difference (χ2= 10.216; p= 0.001). Regarding the vaccine, 64% of the participants think it is safe (n=80), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (χ2= 4.374; p= 0.036). Most students contracted COVID-19 before the first dose, were vaccinated with the second dose by AstraZeneca and Pfizer immunizers. The academic performance and the physical and mental health of the students were significantly affected, with the students of advanced periods and those of public universities suffering more negative impacts (AU).

Este estudo investigou a prevalência da COVID-19 e vacinação entre estudantes de odontologia de instituições públicas e privadas, bem como verificar o nível de influência da pandemia e da vacinação na saúde física, mental e no desempenho acadêmico. Em um estudo transversal, foi aplicado um questionário online utilizando o Google Forms® a estudantes de odontologia de uma universidade pública e privada sobre dados epidemiológicos, COVID-19, vacinação e o impacto do distanciamento social na saúde. A taxa de infecção por COVID-19 em ambos os grupos foi de 36,8% (n=46), e quando questionados sobre o período de infecção, 82,6% destes (n=38) contraíram antes da primeira dose, mas não houve significância estatística diferenças (χ2=2,667; p=0,102) entre os grupos. Houve diferença entre os grupos testados, pois 56,3% dos escolares do G1 foram vacinados com uma segunda dose, comparado a 29,6% do G2 (χ2= 16,554; p= 0,0009). Os alunos foram questionados sobre a existência de riscos no curso de odontologia, e 76,8% consideraram que existem riscos (n=96), com diferença estatisticamente significativa (χ2= 10,216; p= 0,001). Em relação à vacina, 64% dos participantes a consideram segura (n=80), com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (χ2= 4,374; p= 0,036). A maioria dos alunos contraiu COVID-19 antes da primeira dose, foram vacinados com a segunda dose pelos imunizadores AstraZeneca® e Pfizer®. O desempenho acadêmico e a saúde física e mental dos alunos foram significativamente afetados, com os alunos de períodos avançados e os de universidades públicas sofrendo mais impactos negativos (AU).

Bipolar Disorder in pediatric patients: A nationwide retrospective study from 2000 to 2015.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been the focus of increased attention. To date, in Portugal, there is no evidence available for pediatricBD-related hospitalization rates. This study aimed to describe and characterize all pediatric hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of BD registered in Portugal from 2000 to 2015. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted. Pediatric (< 18 years) inpatient episodes with a primary diagnosis of BD were selected from a national administrative database. The ICD-9-CM codes 296.x (excluding 296.2x, 296.3x and 296.9x) identified the diagnosis of interest. Additionally, age at discharge, sex, psychiatric comorbidities, length of stay (LoS), admission type and date, in-hospital mortality and hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 348 hospitalizations, representing 258 patients, were identified. The overall population-based rate of hospitalizations was 1.18/100 000 youths. A non-linear increase throughout the study period was found. Patients were mostly female (60.6%), with a median age of 16 years (Q1-Q3:14-17). Admissions were mostly emergent (81%), and the median LoS was 14 days (Q1-Q3:7-24). Moreover, about 26% of all episodes were readmissions. Mean estimated charges per episode were 3503.10€, totalizing 1.20M€. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the use of secondary data and the retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Annual rates of pediatric BD hospitalizations showed a non-linear increase. These findings may contribute to better understand the pediatric BD burden. Nevertheless, more research is warranted, to better characterize sociodemographic and clinical trends in pediatric BD to prevent the high number of acute hospitalizations and readmissions of these patients.

Explicit volume-preserving numerical schemes for relativistic trajectories and spin dynamics.

A class of explicit numerical schemes is developed to solve for the relativistic dynamics and spin of particles in electromagnetic fields, using the Lorentz-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation formulated in the Clifford algebra representation of Baylis. It is demonstrated that these numerical methods, reminiscent of the leapfrog and Verlet methods, share a number of important properties: they are energy conserving, volume conserving, and second-order convergent. These properties are analyzed empirically by benchmarking against known analytical solutions in constant uniform electrodynamic fields. It is demonstrated that the numerical error in a constant magnetic field remains bounded for long-time simulations in contrast to the Boris pusher, whose angular error increases linearly with time. Finally, the intricate spin dynamics of a particle is investigated in a plane-wave field configuration.

Return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / Retorno ao esporte após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior / Retorno al deporte después de reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior

ABSTRACT The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear represents more than half of all knee injuries in sports that involve body rotations and sudden changes of direction. Discharging the athlete for return to play (RTP) post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a difficult task with multidisciplinary responsibility. For many years, a six-month period post-ACLR was adopted as the only criterion for RTP. However, it is now suggested that RTP should not be exclusively time-based, but to clinical data and systematic assessments. Despite the importance of post-ACLR factors for RTP, pre- and peri-ACLR factors must also be considered. Historically, ACLR is performed with the hamstring or autologous patellar tendons, although the choice of graft is still an open and constantly evolving theme. Anterolateral ligament reconstruction and repair of meniscal ramp tear associated with ACLR have recently been suggested as strategies for improving knee joint stability. Subjective questionnaires are easy to apply, and help identify physical or psychological factors that can hamper RTP. Functional tests, such as hop tests and strength assessment by means of isokinetic dynamometers, are fundamental tools for decision making when associated with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging. Recently, the capacity to generate force explosively has been incorporated into the muscle strength assessment. This is quantified through the rate of torque development (RTD). Due to characteristics inherent to the practice of sport, there is an extremely short time available for produce strength. Thus, RTD seems to better represent athletic demands than the maximum strength assessment alone. This review investigates the pre-, peri- and post-ACLR factors established in the literature, and shares our clinical practice, which we consider to be best practice for RTP. Level of evidence V; Specialist opinion.

RESUMO A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) representa mais da metade das lesões do joelho em esportes que envolvem rotações e mudanças repentinas de direção. A liberação do atleta para o retorno ao esporte (RAE) depois da reconstrução do LCA (RLCA) é uma tarefa difícil, de responsabilidade multidisciplinar. Por muitos anos, o período de seis meses pós-RLCA foi utilizado como único critério para RAE. Contudo, atualmente, sugere-se que o RAE não deve estar atrelado exclusivamente ao tempo, mas a dados clínicos e avaliações sistemáticas. Apesar da importância dos fatores pós-RLCA para o RAE, os fatores pré- e peri-RLCA também devem ser contemplados. Historicamente, a RLCA é realizada com tendões isquiotibiais ou patelares autólogos, apesar da escolha do enxerto ainda ser um tema em aberto e em constante evolução. Recentemente, a reconstrução do ligamento anterolateral e o reparo da lesão na rampa meniscal associadas à RLCA têm sido sugeridas como estratégias para melhorar a estabilidade articular do joelho. Questionários subjetivos são de fácil aplicação e ajudam a identificar fatores físicos ou psicológicos que possam dificultar o RAE. Testes funcionais como os hop tests e a avaliação de força com dinamômetros isocinéticos são ferramentas fundamentais na decisão quando aliadas à avaliação clínica e de ressonância magnética. Recentemente, tem-se incorporado ao escopo de avaliação da força muscular a capacidade de gerar força de maneira explosiva, mensurada através da taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (TDT). Devido a características inerentes a prática esportiva os tempos disponíveis para produção de força são demasiadamente pequenos e, sendo assim, a TDT parece representar melhor as demandas esportivas do que a avaliação isolada de força máxima. Nesta revisão, foram reunidos fatores pré, peri e pós-RLCA estabelecidos na literatura, assim como foi compartilhada nossa prática clínica, que consideramos ser a melhor para o RAE. Nível de evidência V; Opinião do especialista.

RESUMEN La ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) representa más de la mitad de las lesiones de rodilla en deportes que involucran rotaciones y cambios repentinos de dirección. La liberación del atleta para el retorno al deporte (RAD) después de la reconstrucción del LCA (RLCA) es una tarea difícil, de responsabilidad multidisciplinaria. Durante muchos años, el período de seis meses post-RLCA fue usado como único criterio para RAD. Sin embargo, actualmente, se sugiere que el RAD no debe estar vinculado exclusivamente al tiempo, sino a datos clínicos y evaluaciones sistemáticas. A pesar de la importancia de los factores post-RLCA para el RAD, también deben ser contemplados los factores pre y peri-RLCA. Históricamente, la RLCA es realizada con tendones isquiotibiales o patelares autólogos, a pesar de que la elección del injerto aún sea un tema abierto y en constante evolución. Recientemente, la reconstrucción del ligamento anterolateral y la reparación de la lesión en la rampa meniscal asociadas a la RLCA han sido sugeridas como estrategias para mejorar la estabilidad articular de la rodilla. Los cuestionarios subjetivos son de fácil aplicación y ayudan a identificar los factores físicos o psicológicos que pueden dificultar el RAD. Los tests funcionales como los hop tests y la evaluación de fuerza con dinamómetros isocinéticos son herramientas fundamentales en la decisión cuando se combinan a la evaluación clínica y de resonancia magnética. Recientemente, se ha incorporado al alcance de evaluación de la fuerza muscular, la capacidad de generar fuerza de manera explosiva, medida a través de la tasa de desarrollo de torque (TDT). Debido a características inherentes a la práctica deportiva, los tiempos disponibles para producción de fuerza son demasiado pequeños y, siendo así, la TDT parece representar mejor las demandas deportivas que la evaluación aislada de fuerza máxima. En esta revisión fueron reunidos factores pre, peri y post-RLCA establecidos en la literatura, así como fue compartida nuestra práctica clínica, que consideramos la mejor para el RAD. Nivel de evidencia V; Opinión del especialista.