Incidencia del Traumatismo Dentoalveolar en pacientes atendidos por el Sistema de Salud Pública en Chile

Introducción: Los traumas dentoalveolares constituyen un conjunto de lesiones que comprometen los dientes o a sus estructuras periodontales (producto de impactos violentos, directos o indirectos). Constituyen un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue: escribir la tendencia de la incidencia del traumatismo dentoalveolar según grupos etarios en pacientes del Fondo Nacional de Salud reportados en Atención Primaria en Salud y Centros de Especialidades en Chile durante el periodo 2008-2018. Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptivo transversal se calcularon las tasas de incidencia específicas por edad entre 2008 y 2014 de la Atención Primaria de Salud y estas mismas tasas en los Centros de Especialidades entre 2009-2018. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten observar que la tendencia en APS disminuyó de forma progresiva y en Centros de Especialidades aumentó en todos los años, excepto en el rango etario de 20-64 años. En este último caso, el número de años estudiados permitió la estimación de proyecciones de las tasas de incidencia hacia los años 2019-2021, que indican que habría un aumento. Conclusiones: El registro de traumas dentoalveolares en Chile en el Sistema de Salud Pública es deficiente para realizar investigaciones con poblaciones representativas. Lo que dificulta la comprensión de la epidemiología y la determinación de estrategias adecuadas.

Introducción: Dentoalveolar traumas are defined as a set of injuries that compromise the teeth or their periodontal structures, as a consequence of a direct or indirect violent impact. They constitute a public health problem worldwide. Objective. To describe the trend of the incidence of dentoalveolar trauma according to age groups in patients from the National Health Fund reported in Primary Health Care and Specialty Centers in Chile during the period 2008-2018. Methods: The research carried out in the present work is of a descriptive transversal type. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated between 2008 and 2014 for Primary Health Care and these same rates in Specialty Centers between 2009-2018. Results: The results obtained allow us to observe that the trend in PHC decreased progressively and in Specialty Centers it increased in all years, except in the age range of 20-64 years. In the latter case, the number of years studied allowed the estimation of incidence rate projections towards the years 2019-2021, which indicate that there would be an increase. Conclusions: The registry of dentoalveolar traumas in Chile in the Public Health System is deficient to carry out research with representative populations. This makes it difficult to understand epidemiology and determine appropriate strategies.

Insects as Feed for Companion and Exotic Pets: A Current Trend.

The objective of this review was to carry out a comprehensive investigation of the benefits of incorporating insects as a pet food ingredient and the implications this can have in determining a market demand for insect-based pet foods. Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) and adult house crickets (Acheta domesticus) are currently used in pet food. These insects are widely fed to exotic pets, mainly in whole, live or dehydrated formats. They are also incorporated as meal or fat and are offered to cats and dogs as dry or wet food and treats. Scientific studies about the use of insects for dog and cat feed are scarce. Most studies are in dogs. Research shows that insect nutrients, mainly amino acids, have high digestibility, are beneficial to health, do not have any detrimental effect on the gut microbiota and are accepted by dogs. In several countries, insects are approved for use in pet food and commercialization has spread throughout the world. Pet owners are willing to try foods made with insect meal for their pets. In conclusion, the use of insects in pet food is a reality that is taking on more and more prominence.

Fluorescence enzymatic assay for bacterial polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) as a platform for screening antivirulence molecules.

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and its metabolic enzymes are important in several cellular processes related with virulence and antibiotic susceptibility. Accordingly, bacterial polyP synthesis has been proposed as a good target for designing novel antivirulence molecules as alternative to conventional antibiotics. In most pathogenic bacteria, polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1), in charge of polyP synthesis from ATP, is widely conserved. Current colorimetric and radioactive polyP synthesis enzymatic assays are not suitable for high-throughput screening of PPK1 inhibitors. Given the ability of polyP to modify the excitation-emission spectra of DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), a fluorescence assay was previously developed by using a purified recombinant PPK1 enzyme from Escherichia coli. In this work we have developed a suitable methodology for high-throughput measurement of E. coli PPK1 activity. This platform can be used for the screening putative antimicrobial molecules for related enteropathogenic bacteria.

Antecedentes académicos como predictores de Burnout en estudiantes de primer año de Odontología / Academic antecedents as burnout predictors in first-year Dentistry students

Introducción: en los últimos años, el bienestar psicológico del estudiante ha sido motivo de estudio debido a su influencia en el rendimiento académico y adaptación a la educación universitaria. Objetivo: asociar los antecedentes académicos de los estudiantes de primer año de Odontología y sus niveles de Burnout. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach para estudiantes, luego de un proceso de consentimiento informado, a una muestra de 79 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción obtenida mediante muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad. A partir de la base de datos universitaria, se obtuvo información sobre los antecedentes académicos de los participantes. Resultados: se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre puntajes de Prueba de Selección Universitaria de matemáticas y niveles de Agotamiento emocional y Falta de realización personal y entre las calificaciones promedio de enseñanza secundaria y niveles de Agotamiento emocional (p< 0,05). Asimismo, los antecedentes académicos entregaron predicciones estadísticamente significativas para el factor Agotamiento emocional (p< 0,05), dando cuenta de un 10,5 por ciento de variación de él, donde sólo la calificación promedio de enseñanza secundaria (p< 0,05) fue un predictor estadísticamente significativo explicando 6,59 por ciento de la variación del nivel de Agotamiento emocional. Conclusiones: antecedentes académicos como el puntaje en la Prueba de Selección Universitaria de matemáticas y las calificaciones promedio de enseñanza secundaria se vieron asociados a los niveles de Burnout de los estudiantes de Odontología de primer año de la Universidad de Concepción(AU)

Introduction: In recent years, students' psychological well-being has been studied because of its influence on academic achievement and adaptation to university education. Objective: To associate the academic antecedents of first-year Dentistry students and their burnout levels. Method: A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied to students, after an informed consent process, to a sample of 79 first-year Dentistry students at the University of Concepción, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling by accessibility. From the university database, information was obtained as based on the academic antecedents of the participants. Results: Statistically significant relationships were found between the scores of university admission tests in Mathematics and emotional exhaustion levels, as well as lack of personal achievement; and between average secondary school grades and emotional exhaustion levels (p< 0.05). Also, the academic antecedents provided statistically significant predictions for the emotional exhaustion factor (p< 0.05), accounting for its 10.5 percent variation, where only the average secondary education score (p< 0.05) was a statistically significant predictor explaining that 6.59 percent of the variation in the emotional exhaustion level. Conclusiones: Academic antecedents such as the scores in university admission tests in Mathematics and the average secondary school grades were associated with burnout levels of first-year Dentistry students at the University of Concepción(AU)

Antecedentes académicos como predictores de Burnout en estudiantes de primer año de Odontología / Academic antecedents as burnout predictors in first-year Dentistry students

Introducción: en los últimos años, el bienestar psicológico del estudiante ha sido motivo de estudio debido a su influencia en el rendimiento académico y adaptación a la educación universitaria. Objetivo: asociar los antecedentes académicos de los estudiantes de primer año de Odontología y sus niveles de Burnout. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach para estudiantes, luego de un proceso de consentimiento informado, a una muestra de 79 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción obtenida mediante muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad. A partir de la base de datos universitaria, se obtuvo información sobre los antecedentes académicos de los participantes. Resultados: se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre puntajes de Prueba de Selección Universitaria de matemáticas y niveles de Agotamiento emocional y Falta de realización personal y entre las calificaciones promedio de enseñanza secundaria y niveles de Agotamiento emocional (p< 0,05). Asimismo, los antecedentes académicos entregaron predicciones estadísticamente significativas para el factor Agotamiento emocional (p< 0,05), dando cuenta de un 10,5 por ciento de variación de él, donde sólo la calificación promedio de enseñanza secundaria (p< 0,05) fue un predictor estadísticamente significativo explicando 6,59 por ciento de la variación del nivel de Agotamiento emocional. Conclusiones: antecedentes académicos como el puntaje en la Prueba de Selección Universitaria de matemáticas y las calificaciones promedio de enseñanza secundaria se vieron asociados a los niveles de Burnout de los estudiantes de Odontología de primer año de la Universidad de Concepción(AU)

Introduction: In recent years, students' psychological well-being has been studied because of its influence on academic achievement and adaptation to university education. Objective: To associate the academic antecedents of first-year Dentistry students and their burnout levels. Method: A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied to students, after an informed consent process, to a sample of 79 first-year Dentistry students at the University of Concepción, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling by accessibility. From the university database, information was obtained as based on the academic antecedents of the participants. Results: Statistically significant relationships were found between the scores of university admission tests in Mathematics and emotional exhaustion levels, as well as lack of personal achievement; and between average secondary school grades and emotional exhaustion levels (p< 0.05). Also, the academic antecedents provided statistically significant predictions for the emotional exhaustion factor (p< 0.05), accounting for its 10.5 percent variation, where only the average secondary education score (p< 0.05) was a statistically significant predictor explaining that 6.59 percent of the variation in the emotional exhaustion level. Conclusiones: Academic antecedents such as the scores in university admission tests in Mathematics and the average secondary school grades were associated with burnout levels of first-year Dentistry students at the University of Concepción(AU)

Burnout en estudiantes de Odontología y su relación con sus características sociodemográficas y antecedentes académicos / Burnout in Dentistry students and its relationship with their social-demographic characteristics and academic antecedents

Introducción: diversos estudios han identificado una alta prevalencia del Síndrome burnout en estudiantes de Odontología. Su desarrollo puede verse influenciado por características previas del estudiante. Objetivo: describir la relación entre los niveles de burnout de estudiantes de Odontología y sus características sociodemográficas y antecedentes académicos. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach para estudiantes, luego de un proceso de consentimiento informado a una muestra de 276 estudiantes de los distintos niveles formativos de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción, obtenido mediante muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. A partir de la base de datos universitaria, se obtuvo información sobre los antecedentes académicos de los participantes. Resultados: al comparar los niveles de burnout por sexo y en relación al nivel formativo, se observó que existían diferencias significativas sólo en el nivel de Agotamiento emocional. En relación al sexo, las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones mayores que los hombres (p < 0,001). En cuanto al nivel formativo, se encontraron diferencias entre los alumnos de primer año y los de segundo y tercer año, donde los alumnos de primer año presentaron niveles de Agotamiento emocional inferiores (p < 0,01). Al evaluar la relación de los niveles de burnout con los antecedentes académicos, se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre Agotamiento emocional y Notas de Enseñanza Media. Conclusiones: existe relación entre las variables sexo, nivel de formación y antecedentes académicos y los niveles de burnout presentados por los estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción(AU)

Introduction: Several studies have found a high prevalence of burnout syndrome in dental students. The development of this syndrome may be influenced by previous characteristics of the student. Objective : To describe the relationship between levels of burnout of dental students and their socio-demographic characteristics and academic background. Methods: A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students was applied to a total sample of 276 students from different educational levels of the career of Dentistry at the University of Concepción. The sample was obtained by non-probability quota sampling. From university data base, the information on the academic background of the participants was obtained. Results: When comparing the levels of burnout of men and women and its relation to the educational level, we observed significant differences in the level of Emotional exhaustion. In relation to gender, women had higher scores than men (p <0.001). As for the educational level, we found differences between first and second year, and between first and third year, where first year students showed lower levels of Emotional exhaustion (p <0.01). When evaluating the correlation of burnout levels with the academic background, we found a statistically significant correlation between Emotional exhaustion and school average grades. Conclusions: There is a relationship between gender, level of education and academic background of the Dentistry students at the University of Concepción and their burnout levels(AU)

Dictyostelium discoideum as a surrogate host-microbe model for antivirulence screening in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.

The interest of the pharmaceutical industry in developing new antibiotics is decreasing, as established screening systems which identify compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria can no longer be used. Consequently, antimicrobial screening using classical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements is becoming obsolete. The discovery of antimicrobial agents that specifically target a bacterial pathogen without affecting the host and its beneficial bacteria is a promising strategy. However, few host-microbe models are available for in vivo screening of novel antivirulence molecules. Here we designed high-throughput developmental assays in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to measure Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and to screen for novel antivirulence molecules without side effects to the host and its beneficial bacteria Klebsiella aerogenes. Thirty compounds were evaluated that had been previously selected by virtual screening for inhibitors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 polyphosphate kinase 1 (PaPPK1) and diverse compounds with combined PPK1 inhibitory and antivirulence activities were identified. This approach demonstrates that D. discoideum is a suitable surrogate host for preliminary high-throughput screening of antivirulence agents and that PPK1 is a suitable target for developing novel antivirulence compounds that can be further validated in mammalian models.

Saúde mental do trabalhador de saúde: uma revisão bibliográfica / Mental health of worker's of health: a literature review

O interesse em analisar as últimas publicações sobre a Saúde mental do trabalhador de saúde, surgiu através do contato com colegas de trabalho que vivenciaram o adoecimento psíquico trazido através da prática laboral, em especial através da conduta inadequada do gestor. Além disto, minha prática profissional como psicóloga em atendimento a pacientes com adoecimento psíquico, atrelada a uma curiosa observância e informações por mim obtidas na Unidade de Apoio Psicossocial da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde revelaram a necessidade de compreensão sobre a visão ampla do indivíduo dentro do contexto econômico e social. Diante disso este trabalho objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Foram visitadas publicações nacionais em bases de dados científicas, para os anos de 2009 e 2010. Utilizou-se os descritores adoecimento e gestão do trabalho; assistência psicossocial e saúde do trabalhador. Ao todo foram visitados 479 resumos de artigos, sendo aproveitados para esta revisão apenas 34 artigos. Foi observado que as mudanças de um modo geral e em particular no ambiente de trabalho, têm impacto na vida das pessoas, no seu estado de saúde e no seu trabalho, ocorrendo em função e a partir de transformações na dinâmica social. Na base dessas mudanças estão as implicações trazidas a saúde física e psíquica do trabalhador. Observa-se que os fatores psicossociais são determinantes no modo de viver e adoecer dos trabalhadores, sendo considerado um dos fatores que mais causam sofrimento a saúde em seus mais variados aspectos, torna-se relevante conhecer suas implicações a fim de evitá-los nos ambientes de trabalho, e promover medidas que possam assegurar o bem estar relacionado a estes.