RESUMO
CBA/J mice are resistant to Leishmania major infection but are permissive to L. amazonensis infection. In addition, CBA/J macrophages control L. major but not L. amazonensis infection in vitro. Phagocytosis by macrophages is known to determine the outcome of Leishmania infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) adorning antigen presenting cell surfaces are known to coordinate the link between innate and adaptive immunity. The macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a PRR that is preferably expressed by macrophages and is capable of binding Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. No research on the role of MARCO in Leishmania-macrophage interactions has been reported. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that MARCO expression by CBA/J macrophages is increased in response to both in vitro and in vivo L. major infections, but not to L. amazonensis infection. In addition, a specific anti-MARCO monoclonal antibody reduced L. major infection of macrophages by 30%-40% in vitro. The draining lymph nodes of anti-MARCO-treated mice displayed a reduced presence of immunolabelled parasite and parasite antigens, as well as a reduced inflammatory response. These results support the hypothesis that MARCO has a role in macrophage infection by L. major in vitro as well as in vivo.
Assuntos
Leishmania major/imunologia , Leishmaniose/imunologia , Leishmaniose/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Receptores Imunológicos/biossíntese , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata , Leishmania major/metabolismo , Leishmania mexicana/imunologia , Leishmania mexicana/metabolismo , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Leishmaniose/patologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Receptores Depuradores/biossíntese , Receptores Depuradores/genética , Receptores Depuradores/imunologia , Ativação Transcricional , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has in the span of a decade become an epidemic of global proportions. Oral lesions, head and neck diseases are often the first manifestations of HIV-1 infection and AIDS. It is essential for all dentists to familiarize themselves with the oral manifestations of HIV-infection as well as the dental management of such manifestations. In addition to all health care, professionals should become acquainted with the "universal precautions" recommended by the Centers for Disease Control, in order to protect themselves, their staff, and their patients to minimize, if not totally eliminate, any risk of infectious disease transmission in the health care setting. This paper presents a general overview of the human immunodeficiency virus; oral manifestations of HIV-infection; "universal precautions" and guidelines for the control of infection in the dental practice.