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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 75(9/10): 96-101, sept.-oct. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-168563

RESUMO

Objetivos: En enero de 2013 se implantó un protocolo de actuación para el manejo del dolor abdominal en el servicio de urgencias de pediatría, que pretendía reducir la realización de radiografías de abdomen no indicadas, disminuir la administración de enemas no indicados y aplicar una pauta de analgesia mayor. Se ha revisado el impacto del protocolo sobre la modificación de la práctica clínica y si estas variaciones se mantienen. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico y retrospectivo, realizado en 684 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencias por presentar dolor abdominal de causa aparentemente no orgánica, distribuidos en cuatro periodos: diciembre de 2012 (P1), febrero de 2013 (P2), noviembre de 2013 (P3) y mayo de 2015 (P4). Se han recogido los datos sobre las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas y los tratamientos empleados en estos pacientes. Resultados: Radiografía abdominal: P1= 14,7%, P2= 6,9%, P3= 1,8%, P4= 0% (p <0,01); pacientes con estreñimiento: P1= 23,4%, P2= 13,5%, P3= 0%, P4= 0% (p= 0,001). Ecografía abdominal: P1= 11%, P2= 12,5%, P3= 9,4%, P4= 10,1% (p >0,05). Administración de enema en el servicio de urgencias: P1= 21,5%, P2= 8,3%, P3= 17,1%, P4= 11,7% (p= 0,005); pacientes con estreñimiento: P1= 51,1%, P2= 21,6%, P3= 31,3%, P4= 32,5% (p= 0,036). Tratamiento con polietilenglicol: P1= 4,3%, P2= 6,3%, P3= 9,8%, P4= 4,7% (p >0,05); pacientes con estreñimiento: P1= 12,8%, P2= 21,6%, P3= 40,6%, P4= 20,5% (p= 0,034). Pauta de analgesia: P1= 42,9%, P2= 53,5%, P3= 53,7%, P4= 62,7% (p= 0,02). Reconsultas al servicio de urgencias: P1= 10,4%, P2= 2,1%, P3= 1,8%, P4= 13% (p <0,01). Conclusiones: El protocolo ha logrado reducir de forma significativa la realización de radiografías abdominales y el empleo de enemas rectales. Ha aumentado la prescripción de analgesia en pacientes con dolor abdominal. El protocolo ha logrado homogeneizar la actuación de los profesionales, disminuyendo el riesgo de yatrogenia y aumentando el confort de los pacientes y sus familias (AU)


Objectives: In January 2013 a protocol for the management of abdominal pain at pediatric emergency was implanted, with the following objectives: reducing abdominal radiographs not indicated, reduce treatment with enemas not indicated and more prescription of analgesia. It has been reviewed the impact of the protocol on changing clinical practice and whether these variations are maintained. Material and methods: Retrospective, descriptive and analytical observational study with 684 patients attending emergency department for abdominal pain apparently no organic cause, divided into four periods: December 2012 (P1), February 2013 (P2), November 2013 (P3) and May 2015 (P4). We collected data about diagnostic tests performed and treatments used in these patients. Results: Abdominal radiography: P1= 14.7%, P2= 6.9%, P3= 1.8%, P4= 0% (p <0.01); constipated patients: P1= 23.4%, P2= 13.5%, P3= 0%, P4= 0% (p= 0.001). Abdominal ultrasound: P1= 11%, P2= 12.5%, P3= 9.4%, P4= 10.1% (p >0.05). Patients treated with rectal enema: P1= 21.5%, P2= 8.3%, P3= 17.1%, P4= 11.7% (p= 0.005); constipated patients: P1= 51.1%, P2= 21.6%, P3= 31.3%, P4= 32.5% (p= 0.036). Patients treated with polyethylenglycol: P1= 4.3%, P2= 6.3%, P3= 9.8%, P4= 4.7% (p >0.05); constipated patients: P1= 12.8%, P2= 21.6%, P3= 40.6%, P4= 20.5% (p= 0.034). Patients treated with analgesia: P1= 42.9%, P2= 53.5%, P3= 53.7%, P4= 62.7% (p= 0.02). Reconsultations the emergency department: P1= 10.4%, P2= 2.1%, P3= 1.8%, P4= 13% (p <0.01). Conclusions: The protocol has reduced significantly the performance of abdominal radiographs and use of rectal enemas. It has increased the prescription of analgesia in patients with abdominal pain. Protocol has managed to standardize the medical intervention, reducing the risk of iatrogenic and increasing comfort for patients and their families (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Dor Abdominal/epidemiologia , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Protocolos Clínicos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças Funcionais do Colo/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Exame Físico/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
2.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(6): 374-379, nov.-dic. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148704

RESUMO

La Unidad de Urgencias de Pediatría del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, centro de referencia de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón, tiene un compromiso con las líneas estratégicas del centro, destacando la actividad asistencial, docencia e investigacion clínica en las que están involucrados todos los profesionales de la Unidad. Su finalidad está centrada en el paciente y sus familias, en la resolución urgente de todas las situaciones clínicas que requieran atención inmediata por problemas médicos, quirúrgicos o traumatológicos, en el menor tiempo posible, con la mayor efectividad y con una óptima calidad científico- técnica, durante las 24 horas del día, todos los días del año. Exponemos los principales datos asistenciales, docentes y de investigación (AU)


The Children’s Emergency Department at the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza, as a reference centre in Aragon, has a commitment to the hospital strategies emphasising health care, teaching and research activities, in which all professionals Working in the department are involved. Its purpose is, focused on the patient and their family, the urgent solution to all clinical situations requiring immediate attention due to medical, surgical or trauma problems with the greatest effectiveness and optimum scientific and technical quality 24 hours a day, every day of the year (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Hospitais Pediátricos/história , Hospitais Pediátricos/organização & administração , Clínicas de Dor/organização & administração , Protocolos Clínicos/classificação , Pesquisa Biomédica/educação , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/normas , Hospitais Pediátricos , Hospitais Pediátricos/normas , Clínicas de Dor/história , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(67): 205-211, jul.-sept. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141509

RESUMO

Introducción: la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una enfermedad frecuente en niños. Resulta fundamental una adecuada recogida de orina para evitar falsos positivos, minimizando procedimientos invasivos. La recogida de orina al acecho es una técnica incruenta, con baja tasa de contaminación, por lo que se estableció como método de elección al actualizar nuestro protocolo clínico. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo longitudinal descriptivo y analítico, realizado en el Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital terciario, en dos periodos, antes y después de la actualización del protocolo. Se analizaron: edad, sexo, tiempo en Urgencias, método de recogida, sedimento y cultivo de orina y diagnóstico, en pacientes febriles menores de tres años. Resultados: hubo 140 pacientes en 2012 y 180 en 2011, sin diferencias en distribución por sexo y edad. Las medias etarias fueron 12 y 14 meses respectivamente. El 35,7% se recogieron por acecho en 2012, frente al 7,8% de 2011 (p<0,001). En 2011 fueron necesarias más confirmaciones: 20,5% frente a 10,7% en 2012. No hubo diferencias significativas en el número de sospechas de ITU ni en el de muestras contaminadas en ambos años. Tampoco entre las muestras recogidas por acecho o sondaje en 2012. El tiempo medio de estancia en Urgencias en 2011 fue 221 minutos, siendo 190 en 2012 (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la recogida de orina mediante el acecho constituye un método sencillo y no invasivo, que generalmente no precisa confirmación, por lo que reduce el tiempo de espera en el Servicio de Urgencias. No se ha objetivado un aumento de falsos diagnósticos de ITU en pacientes con muestra recogida por acecho (AU)


Introduction: urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is a common process. It is essential to find an adequate method to collect urine, to avoid false positives, minimizing invasive procedures. Clean catch urine (CCU) is a noninvasive technique, with low contamination rate, so it has been established as the recommended method for urine collection to update our clinical protocol. Material and methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive and analytical study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in the Emergencies’ room (ER) in two periods, before and after the update protocol. Age, sex, time in the ER, collection method, sediment and urine culture and diagnosis in febrile patients <3 years were analyzed. Results: there were 140 patients in 2012 and 180 in 2011, with no differences in age and sex distribution. The mean ages were 12 and 14 months respectively. 35.7% of the samples were collected by CCU in 2012, compared to 7.8% in 2011 (p<0.001). In 2011 more confirmations of urine analysis were necessary: 20.5% vs. 10.7% in 2012. There were no significant differences between the number of suspected UTI or the contaminated samples in both years. Neither did between samples collected by catheterization or CCU in 2012. The average length of stay in the ER in 2011 was 221 minutes, while 190 in 2012 (p<0.05). Conclusions: urine collection by CCU is a simple and noninvasive method, which usually does not require confirmation, thereby reducing the wait time in the ER. There has not been an objectified increased of false diagnosis of UTI in patients with sample collected by CCU (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Urinálise/métodos , Coleta de Urina/instrumentação , Coleta de Urina , Febre/etiologia , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Urinárias/urina , Emergências , Protocolos Clínicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 80(4): 242-8, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23849728

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological characteristics, types of injury, prognosis and medical management of bicycle-related Paediatric Emergency Department (ED) visits and to identify potential preventive measures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicentred, observational prospective study included all children between 3 and 16 years of age treated for bicycle-related injuries in the Emergency Departments of 15 Spanish Hospitals belonging to the «Unintentional Paediatric Injury Workshop¼ of the Spanish Paediatric Emergency Society between the 1(st) of June 2011 and the 31(st) of May 2012. Characteristics of all ED visits, as well as epidemiological data and accident-related information, were collected. RESULTS: A total of 846 patients were included in the study, with a male predominance (72.9%) and a median age of 9.6 ± 3.6 years. Head injury was the third most common injury (22.3%) and the main cause of admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) (68.4%). More than three-quarters (77.9%) of the patients did not wear a helmet, which was significantly associated to a higher incidence of head injury and admission to PICU. Older children (OR 1.063) and bicycle injuries involving motor vehicles (OR 2.431) were identified as independent risk factors for worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Since helmet use reduces up to 88% of central nervous system lesions secondary to head injury, promotion of its use should be the main preventive measure, followed by restriction of bike-riding to cycling areas.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ciclismo/lesões , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia
5.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(6): 362-367, nov.-dic. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92172

RESUMO

Introducción. La anafilaxia en un síndrome multisistémico potencialmente fatal que con frecuencia se presenta de forma inesperada. Precisa un reconocimiento y tratamiento precoces, siendo el fármaco de elección la adrenalina intramuscular. Es muy importante un periodo de observación debido a que hasta en el 20% de los casos puede aparecer una reacción bifásica de igual o mayor intensidad. Objetivos. Evaluación del cambio en el manejo de las reacciones anafilácticas de nuestro Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas tras la modificación del protocolo introduciendo las últimas recomendaciones de la EAACI (Academia Europea de alergología e Inmunología Clínica) en el 2007. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de dos cohortes históricas revisando los informes de atención de Urgencias. La primera cohorte, de junio de 2005 a octubre de 2007 y la segunda cohorte, de enero a diciembre de 2008, tras la actualización de nuestro protocolo. Resultados. En la primera cohorte se recogieron un total de 9 casos, con una edad media de 4,3 años. Todos ellos fueron de gravedad leve-moderada. Un alimento fue el causante en la mayoría de los casos. Sólo en 5 casos se administró adrenalina. 8 de los pacientes permanecieron en observación y 4 se derivaron a consultas de Alergología. En la segunda cohorte, se recogieron un total de 17 casos, con una edad media de 5,9 años. Todos los casos fueron leve-moderados. Sólo en 10 casos se relacionó su etiología, siendo un alimento lo más frecuente y utilizándose en 13 casos la adrelina vía intramuscular. Todos los pacientes permanecieron en observación y 16 de ellos se derivaron a consultas de Alergología. Conclusiones. Es importante la existencia y actualización de protocolos en las Urgencias de Pediatría. En nuestra Unidad hemos mejorado en el reconocimiento y manejo de las reacciones anafilácticas en urgencias tras la actualización de nuestro protocolo basada en las últimas recomendaciones dadas por la EAACI (AU)


Background. Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal multisystem syndrome that often occurs unexpectedly. Accurate recognition and early treatment remain the drug of choice for intramuscular adrenaline. It is very important observation period because up to 20% of cases may appear biphasic reaction of equal or greater intensity. Objective. Evaluation of the change in the managing of the anaphylactic reactions of our service of pediatric emergency after the modification of the protocol introducing the last recommendations of the EAACI of the year 2007. Methods. Retrospective study of two cohorts historical We review the reports in emergency care. The first cohort, from June 2005 to October 2007 and the second cohort, form January to December 2008, after the upgrade of our protocol. Results. In the first cohort were collected a total of 9 cases, with an average age of 4.3 years. All were of mild to moderate severity. A food was the cause in most cases. Only in 5 cases was administered adrenaline. 8 patients remained under observation and 4 patients were derived to allergy clinics. In the second cohort were collected a total of 17 cases, with an average age of 5.9 years. All cases were mild to moderate. Only in 10 cases was related etiology, being a food more often and used in 13 cases intramuscular adrenaline. All patients remained under observation and 16 of them were derived to allergy clinics. Conclusions. It is important to the existence and maintenance of protocols in emergency pediatrics. In our unit we have improved the recognition and management of anaphylactic reactions in the emergency after the upgrade of our protocol based on the latest recommendations issued by the EAACI (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Anafilaxia/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Epinefrina/administração & dosagem , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Protocolos Clínicos/normas
6.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(10): 486-491, nov. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-77702

RESUMO

Introducción: Actualmente, la resonancia magnética cerebral ha sustituido en gran parte a la tomografía computarizada (TC) craneal, salvo en emergencias, donde la TC continúa siendo la técnica más utilizada, y de sus hallazgos pueden derivarse consecuencias diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Material y métodos: Se revisan las TC craneales realizadas en el Servicio de Urgencias de Pediatría del Hospital «Miguel Servet», de Zaragoza, durante un periodo de 2 meses, analizando las indicaciones y el ajuste a nuestros protocolos de actuación en urgencias. Resultados: En el periodo revisado se atendieron 9.769 pacientes en urgencias; de ellos, 413 presentaron patología susceptible de realizar TC craneal. Se realizaron 27 TC craneales urgentes: 6 traumatismos craneoencefálicos, 5 cefaleas, 5 episodios paroxísticos por sospecha de primer episodio convulsivo,3 primeras crisis no sintomáticas agudas, 2 estados convulsivos febriles, 2 encefalopatías agudas, 1 antes de punción lumbar, 1 por focalidad neurológica, 1 por hipertensión endocraneal y 1 por sospecha de disfunción valvular. Globalmente, se realizó una TC craneal al 3,4% de los pacientes con traumatismos craneoencefálicos, al 10,3% de los que presentaban cefaleas y al 100% de los que tenían primeros episodios convulsivos no sintomáticos agudos. Cinco (18,5%) de las TC realizadas mostraron una alteración intracraneal: 2 conocidas previamente y 3 de nuevo diagnóstico (11,1%). Todas las TC se ajustaron a nuestros protocolos. Discusión: Pese a los riesgos potenciales derivados de la radiación, defendemos la realización de TC craneal en los servicios de urgencias pediátricas, optimizando las indicaciones y aplicando las estrategias para reducir al mínimo la radiación. Es importante clarificar la relación real entre la radiación y el riesgo de cáncer, y potenciar nuevas tecnologías que minimicen los riesgos derivados de ésta (AU)


Introduction: At present, brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have primarily replaced cranial CAT scans, except in emergencies where CAT scans continue to be the most widely used techniques, which by means of their findings allow obtaining diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. Material and methods: We checked the cranial CAT scans, carried out in the pediatric Emergency Unit of Miguel Servet Hospital in Zaragoza in a period of 2 months, analyzing clinical indications and the adjustment to our performance protocols in the Emergency Department. Results: During the period reviewed, 9,769 patients wereseen in the Emergency Department: 413 of them showed pathology suitable for carrying out a cranial CAT scan. 27 emergency cranial CAT scans were carried out: 6 for traumatic brain injuries, 5 for cephaleas, 5 for paroxysmal episodes with a probable diagnosis of first seizure episode, 3 for acute asymptomatic first attacks, 2 for febrile convulsive status, 2 for acute encephalopathy’s, 1 CAT scan previous to a lumbar puncture, 1 for neurological focus, 1 for endocranial hypertension and 1 for asuspicion of valvular dysfunction. Cranial CAT scans were carried out as a whole in 3.4% of traumatic brain injuries, in 10.3%of cephaleas and in 100% of acute asymptomatic first seizure episodes. 5 (18.5%) of the CAT scans carried out showed an intracranial disorder: 2 which were previously known and 3with a new diagnosis (11.1%). All the CAT scans were adjusted to our protocols. Discussion: In spite of the potential risks produced by radiation, the performance of cranial CAT scans is supported in pediatric emergency services, while optimizing instructions and applying strategies for minimizing radiation. It is important to clarify the real ratio between radiation and cancer risk and to enhance new technologies capable of minimizing the risks produced by radiation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , /métodos , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Radiação Ionizante , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos
12.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 9(36): 635-638, oct.-dic. 2007.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64232

RESUMO

La hipotermia en relación con el consumo de fármacos es un fenómeno poco frecuente.Existen sólo seis casos documentados de hipotermia relacionados con el consumo de ibuprofenoen la base de datos de reacciones adversas medicamentosas de la OrganizaciónMundial de la Salud (OMS). Se plantea la sospecha de dos casos de hipotermia tras el consumode dicho fármaco. Ante la existencia de hipotermia grave serán necesarias la realizaciónde pruebas complementarias para descartar previamente otras causas más frecuentes,así como la notificación de la sospecha de reacción adversa al centro de farmacovigilanciacorrespondiente


Hypothermia due to medicaments is an infrequent idiosyncratic reaction. There are onlysix similar cases related to the consumption of ibuprofen reported in the WHO adverse drugreactions database. Two of the cases of hypothermia attended in our unit seem to be due tothe consumption of the mentioned medicament. The existence of hypothermia makes necessarysome complementary tests to discard other more frequent aetiologies, as well as the notificationof the adverse reaction to the corresponding Drugs and Therapeutics Centre


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Hipotermia/induzido quimicamente , Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hidratação
13.
Rev Neurol ; 45(4): 205-10, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17668400

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: As result of our aim to improve the quality standard of our emergency system, work has been carried out in relation to the development and monitorization of effective clinical protocols in the department of paediatric practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An evidence based review approach was taken to design a clinical protocol about Bell's palsy condition for the paediatric emergency department. Previous protocol approved in March 2003 was reviewed accordingly with the new designed protocol's quality standards. The Bell's palsy cases reported since March 2003 until June 2006 to paediatric emergency department were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients affected by Bell's palsy were reported to the hospital's emergency department. Facial expression was described in 85.19% of the cases. Cranial nerves normal function was reported in 77.78%. Fundoscopic examination was described in 77.78% and otoscopic findings in 44.44%; the absence of herpes vesicles was analyzed only in 11.11%. All patients received steroid therapy (prednisone) and the treatment resulted in the complete recovery. The mean time to resolution was 58.6 days. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve hospital's quality standards, clinical protocols should be designed and verified regularly to ensure the proper performance. Medical auditing also contributes to improve effectiveness in health attendance.


Assuntos
Protocolos Clínicos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Paralisia Facial , Pediatria , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Paralisia Facial/diagnóstico , Paralisia Facial/terapia , Feminino , Departamentos Hospitalares/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Pediatria/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde
14.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(4): 205-210, 16 ago., 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69795

RESUMO

Introducción. En nuestro hospital se está trabajando en un plan de mejora de calidad de las urgencias pediátricas que incluye, entre otras actuaciones, la protocolización de los procedimientos (mediante la revisión de la evidencia disponible) y la monitorización de su aplicación. Pacientes y métodos. Se revisa, según la evidencia disponible, el protocolo de urgencias de la parálisis facial. Se evalúa la aplicación del previo, consensuado en sesión hospitalaria en marzo del 2003, y se aplican de forma retrospectiva los indicadores diseñados en la revisión de junio de 2006. Se analizan los casos de parálisis facial a frigore valorados en urgencias de Pediatría desde marzo de 2003 hasta junio de 2006. Resultados. En el período de estudio fueron evaluados en Urgencias 27 pacientes con parálisis facial. En el 85,19% de los casos se describió la alteración de la mímica facial en el informe de urgencias. En el 77,78% de los casos constaba la normalidad de los demás pares craneales, y en el 77,78% del fondo de ojo. En el 44,44% se recogió la normalidad de la otoscopia; sólo en el 11,11% se especificaba la ausencia de vesículas herpéticas. Todos recibieron tratamiento con prednisona, fueron seguidos en la consulta de Neuropediatría y se resolvieron completamente, con una media de 58,6 días. Conclusiones. En el proceso de mejora de calidad es fundamental la elaboración de protocolos, y la evaluación de su cumplimiento mediante indicadores de calidad. El audit. y sus reevaluaciones facilitan la implantación del ciclo de aprendizaje y mejora en la atención sanitaria, vinculados a la excelencia del trabajo


Introduction. As result of our aim to improve the quality standard of our emergency system, work has been carried out in relation to the development and monitorization of effective clinical protocols in the department of paediatric practice. Patients and methods. An evidence based review approach was taken to design a clinical protocol about Bell’s palsy condition for the paediatric emergency department. Previous protocol approved in March 2003 was reviewed accordingly with the new designed protocol’s quality standards. The Bell’s palsy cases reported since March 2003 until June 2006 to paediatric emergency department were analyzed. Results. A total of 27 patients affected by Bell’s palsy were reported to the hospital’s emergency department. Facial expression was described in 85.19% of the cases. Cranial nerves normal function was reported in 77.78%. Fundoscopic examination was described in 77.78% and otoscopic findings in 44.44%; the absence of herpes vesicles was analyzed only in 11.11%. All patients received steroid therapy (prednisone) and the treatment resulted in the complete recovery. The mean time to resolution was 58.6 days. Conclusions. In order to improve hospital’s quality standards, clinical protocols should be designed and verified regularly to ensure the proper performance. Medical auditing also contributes to improve effectiveness in health attendance


Assuntos
Pediatria , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Paralisia Facial/terapia , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Controle de Qualidade
17.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 64(2): 146-52, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16527067

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Some patients with hyperphenylalaninemia due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency respond with a variable decrease in plasma phenylalanine levels after oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) administration and are then able to tolerate higher dietary phenylalanine intake or even to discontinue a phenylalanine-restricted diet. BH4-sensitive patients are usually identified by means of a BH4 loading test, but consensus on the methodology of this test and the interpretation of its results is lacking. Consequently, a simple tool to identify which patients are likely candidates for this treatment and how they will progress in the long-term is required. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A combined oral BH4 loading test with phenylalanine (100 mg/kg) and BH4 (20 mg/kg) was performed in 20 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia under dietary phenylalanine restriction. RESULTS: Independently of the genotype, the result was positive in all the 9 patients whose maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis was below 815 nmol/ml. Currently, they are under treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin doses of 7-15 mg/kg/day. All these patients have been able to increase their oral phenylalanine intake. Six are currently following a normal diet and the remaining three are close to reaching this goal. None of the patients with a maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis higher than 938 nmol/ml responded to the BH4 loading test. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis seems to be a simple and reliable method to predict response to BH4 treatment. A high percentage of BH4-sensitive patients are able to discontinue a phenylalanine-restricted diet after long-term tetrahydrobiopterin treatment.


Assuntos
Biopterinas/análogos & derivados , Fenilalanina Hidroxilase/deficiência , Fenilcetonúrias/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Biopterinas/administração & dosagem , Biopterinas/metabolismo , Biopterinas/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Fenilalanina Hidroxilase/genética , Fenilcetonúrias/genética , Fenilcetonúrias/metabolismo
18.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 64(2): 146-152, feb. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043754

RESUMO

Introducción: Algunos pacientes afectados de hiperfenilalaninemia por déficit de fenilalanina hidroxilasa responden con un descenso variable de las concentraciones plasmáticas de fenilalanina, a la administración por vía oral de tetrahidrobiopterina (BH4), de tal modo que pueden liberalizar o incluso abandonar la dieta con ingesta limitada de fenilalanina. Habitualmente, la identificación de los pacientes sensibles a BH4 se realiza mediante el test de sobrecarga con BH4, pero no existe acuerdo unánime con relación a su metodología e interpretación de los resultados. Desde esta perspectiva, es importante disponer de una herramienta que nos ayude a identificar del modo más sencillo posible a los pacientes tributarios de este tipo de tratamiento y conocer cuál es su evolución a largo plazo. Material y métodos: Se ha practicado el test de sobrecarga combinado de fenilalanina (100 mg/kg) y BH4 (20 mg/kg) en 20 pacientes con hiperfenilalaninemia sometidos a dieta limitada en fenilalanina. Resultados: Con independencia de su genotipo, la respuesta al test fue positiva en los 9 pacientes cuyo máximo nivel de fenilalanina al diagnóstico fue menor de 815 nmol/ml. Todos están en tratamiento con dosis de BH4 entre 7 y 15 mg/kg/día y en todos los casos ha sido posible aumentar notablemente la ingesta diaria de fenilalanina. En este momento 6 están con dieta libre, y los otros muy cerca de alcanzar este objetivo. Ninguno de los pacientes con un nivel de fenilalanina máximo al diagnóstico de más de 938 nmol/ml ha respondido al test de sobrecarga. Conclusiones: El nivel máximo de fenilalanina en el momento del diagnóstico, parece ser un método sencillo y fiable para predecir la respuesta al tratamiento con BH4. En los pacientes respondedores, el tratamiento continuado con BH4 permite la eliminación de la dieta limitada en fenilalanina en un alto porcentaje de casos


Introduction: Some patients with hyperphenylalaninemia due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency respond with a variable decrease in plasma phenylalanine levels after oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) administration and are then able to tolerate higher dietary phenylalanine intake or even to discontinue a phenylalanine-restricted diet. BH4-sensitive patients are usually identified by means of a BH4 loading test, but consensus on the methodology of this test and the interpretation of its results is lacking. Consequently, a simple tool to identify which patients are likely candidates for this treatment and how they will progress in the long-term is required. Material and methods: A combined oral BH4 loading test with phenylalanine (100 mg/kg) and BH4 (20 mg/kg) was performed in 20 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia under dietary phenylalanine restriction. Results: Independently of the genotype, the result was positive in all the 9 patients whose maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis was below 815 nmol/ml. Currently, they are under treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin doses of 7-15 mg/kg/day. All these patients have been able to increase their oral phenylalanine intake. Six are currently following a normal diet and the remaining three are close to reaching this goal. None of the patients with a maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis higher than 938 nmol/ml responded to the BH4 loading test. Conclusions: The maximum phenylalanine level at diagnosis seems to be a simple and reliable method to predict response to BH4 treatment. A high percentage of BH4-sensitive patients are able to discontinue a phenylalanine-restricted diet after long-term tetrahydrobiopterin treatment


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Criança , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Biopterinas/análogos & derivados , Fenilalanina Hidroxilase/deficiência , Fenilcetonúrias/tratamento farmacológico , Biopterinas/administração & dosagem , Biopterinas/metabolismo , Biopterinas/uso terapêutico , Genótipo , Fenilalanina Hidroxilase/genética , Fenilcetonúrias/genética , Fenilcetonúrias/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo
20.
An Esp Pediatr ; 39(2): 111-5, 1993 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8239205

RESUMO

We report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B infections. The study is based on 58 children and was carried out during the years from 1981 to 1990. Sixty-three percent of the patients had meningitis, 10.3% had arthritis, 10.3% had epiglottitis, 8.6% had cellulitis and 6.9% had pneumonia. Thirteen percent of the cases were children who were less than 6 months old, 34.4% were less than 12 months old, 70.6% were less than 24 months of age and 93% were less than 4 years old. Among the latter, 90% of the children with epiglottis or pneumonia were 24 months or older compared with 16% of the patients with meningitis, arthritis or cellulitis (p < 0.001). Sixty-three percent of the isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae type B were resistant to ampicillin and 19.2% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol.


Assuntos
Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Etários , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Artrite/epidemiologia , Artrite/microbiologia , Celulite (Flegmão)/epidemiologia , Celulite (Flegmão)/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Epiglotite/diagnóstico , Epiglotite/epidemiologia , Epiglotite/microbiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meningite por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Meningite por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Sorotipagem , Espanha/epidemiologia
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