The real-life efficacy and safety of osimertinib in pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with T790M mutation: a Turkish Oncology Group Study.

INTRODUCTION: Osimertinib, an irreversible third-generation EGFR-TKI, is the standard of care for second-line treatment of T790M-mutant advanced NSCLC patients whose disease progressed after first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. In this multicenter study, we aimed to determine the real-life efficacy and safety of Osimertinib in pretreated advanced NSCLC patients with T790M mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective trial included advanced T790M-mutant pretreated NSCLC patients who received Osimertinib from 24 different centers in Turkey. Primary endpoint was time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS: Of 163 patients, 68.7% had EGFR exon 19 deletion and 22.7% had exon 21 L858R mutation. Osimertinib was given as second-line treatment in 96 patients (58.9%) and third-line in 48 patients (29.4%). After median of 13-month follow-up, median TTD was 21.6 months with an 82.2% ORR. Estimated median OS was 32.1 months. Grade 3-4 adverse events were seen in 11.7% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Osimertinib is a highly effective option in second- or third-line treatment of NSCLC patients with T790M mutation, with a favorable safety profile.

Evaluation of postoperative patient satisfaction after covering the nasal dorsum with upper lateral cartilage: "upper lateral closing" / Avaliação da satisfação pós-operatória do paciente após cobertura do dorso nasal com a cartilagem lateral superior: "fechamento lateral superior"

Abstract Introduction: Following nasal hump removal during septorhinoplasty, the middle vault should be reconstructed to avoid functional and esthetic problems. Middle vault reconstruction, however, may result in widening of the middle vault and may need a camouflage graft to cover dorsal irregularities. Objective: To present the results of reconstructing the middle vault with a technique that covers the nasal dorsum with upper lateral cartilage, from the viewpoint of patient satisfaction. Methods: Retrospective study of patients who underwent septorhinoplasty that included nasal dorsum closure with upper lateral cartilage from December 1, 2014 to January 31, 2016. Those with postoperative follow-up of less than 3 months were excluded. The final study group included 39 patients. The same surgeon performed all septorhinoplasties. The dorsum was closed using an "upper lateral closing" technique that approximated upper lateral cartilages to each other over the septum. Postoperative patient satisfaction was determined using a visual analog scale and the rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluates patient esthetic and functional satisfaction with the operated nose. High scores indicate improved esthetic results. Results: No dorsal irregularities were seen at postoperative follow-up evaluation of the patients. For esthetic nasal appearance, the median visual analogue scale scores was 86%, and the mean for the questionnaire was 77.03%. Conclusion: The natural dome-shaped anatomy of the nasal dorsum was achieved by approximating the upper lateral cartilages to each other. Closing the dorsum with this technique also covers any dorsal irregularities and results in a smooth dorsum. Patients expressed satisfaction with the esthetic and functional aspects of the smooth, attractive nasal dorsum.

Resumo Introdução: Após a remoção da giba nasal durante a rinosseptoplastia, a abóbada deve ser reconstruída para evitar problemas funcionais e estéticos. A reconstrução da abóboda entretanto, pode resultar em alargamento dorsal e pode necessitar de um enxerto para camuflar irregularidades dorsais. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes com os resultados da reconstrução da abóboda com uma técnica que utiliza a cartilagem lateral superior para recobrir o dorso nasal. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a rinosseptoplastia, que incluiu fechamento do dorso nasal com cartilagem lateral superior, realizado de 1º de dezembro de 2014 a 31 de janeiro de 2016. Foram excluídos aqueles com acompanhamento pós-operatório de menos de 3 meses. O grupo final do estudo incluiu 39 pacientes. O mesmo cirurgião realizou todas as rinosseptoplastias. O dorso foi fechado com uma técnica de "fechamento lateral superior" que aproxima as cartilagens laterais superiores de cada lado sobre o septo. A satisfação pós-operatória dos pacientes foi determinada através de uma escala visual analógica e o questionário Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation. O questionário avalia a satisfação estética e funcional do paciente com o nariz. Escores altos indicam percepção de melhoria estética. Resultados: Não foram observadas irregularidades dorsais na avaliação pós-operatória de seguimento dos pacientes. Em relação à aparência nasal estética, o escore médio da escala visual analógica foi 86% e o escore médio do questionário foi 77,03%. Conclusões: A anatomia natural em forma de domo do dorso nasal foi conseguida através da aproximação das cartilagens laterais superiores entre si. O fechamento do dorso com essa técnica também abrange todas as irregularidades dorsais e resulta em um dorso liso. Os pacientes expressaram satisfação com os aspectos estéticos e funcionais do dorso nasal liso e atraente.

Evaluation of postoperative patient satisfaction after covering the nasal dorsum with upper lateral cartilage: "upper lateral closing".

INTRODUCTION: Following nasal hump removal during septorhinoplasty, the middle vault should be reconstructed to avoid functional and esthetic problems. Middle vault reconstruction, however, may result in widening of the middle vault and may need a camouflage graft to cover dorsal irregularities. OBJECTIVE: To present the results of reconstructing the middle vault with a technique that covers the nasal dorsum with upper lateral cartilage, from the viewpoint of patient satisfaction. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients who underwent septorhinoplasty that included nasal dorsum closure with upper lateral cartilage from December 1, 2014 to January 31, 2016. Those with postoperative follow-up of less than 3 months were excluded. The final study group included 39 patients. The same surgeon performed all septorhinoplasties. The dorsum was closed using an "upper lateral closing" technique that approximated upper lateral cartilages to each other over the septum. Postoperative patient satisfaction was determined using a visual analog scale and the rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluates patient esthetic and functional satisfaction with the operated nose. High scores indicate improved esthetic results. RESULTS: No dorsal irregularities were seen at postoperative follow-up evaluation of the patients. For esthetic nasal appearance, the median visual analogue scale scores was 86%, and the mean for the questionnaire was 77.03%. CONCLUSION: The natural dome-shaped anatomy of the nasal dorsum was achieved by approximating the upper lateral cartilages to each other. Closing the dorsum with this technique also covers any dorsal irregularities and results in a smooth dorsum. Patients expressed satisfaction with the esthetic and functional aspects of the smooth, attractive nasal dorsum.

The maximum standardized uptake value of metastatic site in 18 F-FDG PET/CT predicts molecular subtypes and survival in metastatic breast cancer: An Izmir Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyse the association between the 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluorodeoxyglucose maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of metastatic sites and molecular subtypes and survival in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. METHODS: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) was performed in 176 MBC patients before any therapeutic intervention. The FDG uptakes of metastatic sites were evaluated using the SUVmax. Histopathological prognostic parameters, such as the tumor size, grade, lymph node involvement, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 status and Ki67 were determined from the primary breast tumor tissue. The SUVmax of the metastatic sites was assessed in relation to the molecular subtypes and survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between SUVmax measurements and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The mean SUVmax of 176 tumors was 8.0. Among the subtypes 49 (28.8%) were luminal A, 51 (28.9%) luminal B, 35 (19.8%) HER2-overexpressing, and 41 (23.2%) triple- negative, and the corresponding means of SUVmax were 5.6, 7.4, 11.4, 11.0, respectively. A cut-off value of ≤8.4 yielded 80% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.731 for predicting that a tumor was of the luminal A subtype. A cut-off value of SUVmax ≥10.05 yielded 62.9% sensitivity and 67.4% specificity with an AUC of 0.648 for predicting a HER2 overexpressing subtype. A cut-off value of SUVmax ≥9.25 yielded 61% sensitivity and 64.4% specificity with an AUC of 0.660 for predicting a triple-negative subtype. The SUVmax could not effectively differentiate patients with luminal B subtype. Cox regression analysis showed that in patients with MBC, a SUVmax ≤7.55 acted as an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio/HR = 1.552). CONCLUSION: The SUVmax of metastatic sites on pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT may be an independent prognostic factor for the diagnosis of molecular phenotypes and survival in MBC patients.

Esophageal Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma with Unique Daisy-Like Appearance.

Due to differences in prognosis and management, it is important to subclassify esophageal carcinoma. Esophageal lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported to date. Review of the literature revealed case reports describing lesions with similar histology. We present a 69-year-old man with a giant pedunculated-polypoid lesion of the esophagus shrinking the lumen. Endoscopic excision of the tumor was performed and final histopathological diagnosis was confirmed to be LELC. In contrast to a previous case with a more aggressive course and a recurrent lesion, our patient died of his disease within 8 months of diagnosis. Here we discuss the endoscopic and radiologic findings of the case and a review of the literature.

Atypical Presentation of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient Diagnosed with Postpartum Gestational Hypertension.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are among the most common causes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Clinically, PRES is characterised by visual disturbances, headache, nausea, change in mental status and seizure. Although treatment of the underlying cause provides clinical and radiological healing, a delay in the diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent brain damage and death. The exact incidence of new-onset postpartum hypertension is difficult to ascertain. Women with mild hypertension are usually asymptomatic; therefore, patients either can not be diagnosed or are diagnosed with late complications. With this case, we would like to present a patient who had no diagnosis of maternal hypertension or preeclampsia-eclampsia during pregnancy but, after a postpartum seizure, was diagnosed with PRES.

Quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) studies on the organophosphate insecticides.

Organophosphate insecticides are the most commonly used pesticides in the world. In this study, quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) models were derived for estimating the acute oral toxicity of organophosphate insecticides to male rats. The 20 chemicals of the training set and the seven compounds of the external testing set were described by means of using descriptors. Descriptors for lipophilicity, polarity and molecular geometry, as well as quantum chemical descriptors for energy were calculated. Model development to predict toxicity of organophosphate insecticides in different matrices was carried out using multiple linear regression. The model was validated internally and externally. In the present study, QSTR model was used for the first time to understand the inherent relationships between the organophosphate insecticide molecules and their toxicity behavior. Such studies provide mechanistic insight about structure-toxicity relationship and help in the design of less toxic insecticides.

Isolated liver metastasis of sacrococcygeal chordoma: case report and review of the literature.

Chordomas are rare neoplasms arising from notochordal remnants and may develop anywhere in the body while the most common anatomic site is the sacrococcygeal area. The most effective treatment of chordoma is surgery. Chordomas rarely metastasize to lung, bone, soft tissue, liver, lymph nodes, and skin. However, there is currently no standard systemic treatment for advanced stage chordoma. Here, we reported a rare presentation of chordoma patient with liver only metastases and poor prognosis.

Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with or without bevacizumab: can the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio predict the efficiency of bevacizumab?

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to better clarify which patient groups will benefit the most from particular treatments like bevacizumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 245 treatment-naive metastatic colorectal cancern (mCRC) patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 145 group A patients were treated with chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab, and 100 group B patients were treated as above without bevacizumab. RESULTS: Group A patients had better median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (24.0 and 9.0 months) than group B patients (20 and 6.0 months) (p=0.033; p=0.015). In patients with low NLR, OS and PFS were significantly longer in group A patients (27 vs 18 months, p=0.001; 11 vs 7 months, p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NLR, a basal cancer related inflammation marker, is associated with the resistance to bevacizumab- based treatments in mCRC patients.

Multicenter epidemiologic study on hepatocellular carcinoma in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the important health problems in Turkey, being very common and highly lethal. The aim of this study was to determine clinical, demographic features and risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine hundred and sixth-three patients with HCC from 13 cities in Turkey were included in this study. RESULTS: Only 205 (21%) of the 963 patients were women, with a male:female predominance of 4.8:1 and a median age of 61 years. The etiologic risk factors for HCC were hepatitis B in 555 patients (57.6%), 453 (81%) in men, and 102 (19%) in women, again with male predominance, hepatitis C in 159 (16.5%), (14.9% and 22.4%, with a higher incidence in women), and chronic alcohol abuse (more than ten years) in 137 (14.2%) (16.8% and 4.9%, higher in males). The Child-Pugh score paralleled with advanced disease stage amd also a high level of AFP. CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings the viral etiology (hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections) in the Turkish population was the most important factor in HCC development, with alcohol abuse as the third risk factor. The Child-Pugh classification and AFP levels were determined to be important prognostic factors in HCC patients.

Prognostic evaluation of breast cancer patients with evident bone marrow metastasis.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients with symptomatic bone marrow metastasis (BMM). Fifty-four BC patients, including patients with and without BMM, were evaluated retrospectively. In particular, the clinicopathologic features and survival of the patients with BMM (n = 27) were assessed and compared with the patients without BMM. All of the patients with BMM also had osseous metastases, and bone was the first site for distant recurrence in the majority of patients in the study group. Anemia was the most frequent symptom at presentation. The median time to BMM was 36.1 months (range 1.6-70.5 months, 95% CI). HER2(+) patients developed BMM earlier than HER2(-) patients (3.2 versus 38.3 months, 95% CI; p = 0.05). Patients with advanced disease at the time of initial BC diagnosis developed BMM earlier than patients with early disease (p = 0.04). Time to development of BMM was significantly shorter in tumors with perinodal infiltration (p = 0.001) and multicentric focus (p = 0.025). Median survival time after the diagnosis of apparent BMM was 6.43 months. Survival after BMM diagnosis in patients with grade III tumors was significantly shorter than in patients with grade I-II tumors (1.43 versus 5.36 months, 95% CI; p < 0.001). Systemic therapy after BMM diagnosis significantly prolonged survival (17.3 versus 0.93 months, 95% CI; p < 0.001). Hormone receptor-positive, high-grade, advanced-stage tumors at the time of initial BC diagnosis were more common in patients with BMM. Invasive lobular histology was also more frequent in patients with BMM. In conclusion, the presence of hormone receptor-positive, multicentric, grade III, advanced-stage tumors may be important risk factors for the development of evident BMM in BC patients. Systemic single-agent chemotherapy can prolong survival in these patients. However, multicenter analyses are required to verify these findings.