Microorganisms isolated from the bile of the patients who have undergone cholecystectomy and their antibiotic resistance pattern: multicenter prospective study / Microorganismos aislados de la bilis de los pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía y su patrón de resistencia antibiótica: estudio prospectivo multicéntrico

Background: Gallbladder and biliary tract infections are diseases with high mortality rates if they are not treated properly. Microbiological evaluation of perioperatively collected samples both ensures proper treatment of patients and guides empirical treatment due to the determination of microorganism susceptibility. Aims: This study aimed to isolate the microorganisms in bile cultures from patients who underwent cholecystectomy and to determine sensitivity results of these microorganisms. Methods: This study was a multi-center and prospective design, included 360 patients, and was performed between 2019 and 2020. Culture results of bile taken during cholecystectomy were evaluated. Results: Bacterial growth was found in the bile cultures of 84 out of 360 (23.3%) patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had risk factors for resistant microorganisms or not. While Escherichia coli (n = 11, 13%), Enterococcus spp. (n = 8, 9.5%), and Enterobacter spp. (n = 4, 4.7%) were detected most frequently in patients without risk. Staphylococcus spp. (n = 17, 20.2%), Enterococcus spp. (n = 16, 19%), and E. coli (n = 8, 9.5%) were the most frequently found microorganism at-risk patients. In multivariate analysis, bile culture positivity was found higher in patients who had history of biliary disease (p = 0.004), operation performed concurrently with a cholecystectomy (p = 0.035), and high rate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) in total leukocyte count (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows that when starting empirical antibiotic treatment for bile ducts, whether patients are at risk for the development of resistant bacterial infection should be evaluated after which antibiotic selection should be made accordingly.(AU)

Microorganisms isolated from the bile of the patients who have undergone cholecystectomy and their antibiotic resistance pattern: multicenter prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder and biliary tract infections are diseases with high mortality rates if they are not treated properly. Microbiological evaluation of perioperatively collected samples both ensures proper treatment of patients and guides empirical treatment due to the determination of microorganism susceptibility. AIMS: This study aimed to isolate the microorganisms in bile cultures from patients who underwent cholecystectomy and to determine sensitivity results of these microorganisms. METHODS: This study was a multi-center and prospective design, included 360 patients, and was performed between 2019 and 2020. Culture results of bile taken during cholecystectomy were evaluated. RESULTS: Bacterial growth was found in the bile cultures of 84 out of 360 (23.3%) patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had risk factors for resistant microorganisms or not. While Escherichia coli (n = 11, 13%), Enterococcus spp. (n = 8, 9.5%), and Enterobacter spp. (n = 4, 4.7%) were detected most frequently in patients without risk. Staphylococcus spp. (n = 17, 20.2%), Enterococcus spp. (n = 16, 19%), and E. coli (n = 8, 9.5%) were the most frequently found microorganism at-risk patients. In multivariate analysis, bile culture positivity was found higher in patients who had history of biliary disease (p = 0.004), operation performed concurrently with a cholecystectomy (p = 0.035), and high rate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) in total leukocyte count (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that when starting empirical antibiotic treatment for bile ducts, whether patients are at risk for the development of resistant bacterial infection should be evaluated after which antibiotic selection should be made accordingly.

Evaluation of albendazole efficiency and complications in patients with pulmonary hydatid cyst.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the efficacy and complications of albendazole use after surgery in patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts. METHODS: One hundred fifty-three consecutive patients who met the study criteria out of 215 patients who received prophylaxis with albendazole after surgery for isolated pulmonary hydatid cysts in our clinic between January 2011 and December 2020 were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Eighty-six out of 153 (56.2%) of cases were male and 67 (43.8%) were female. The average age was 24.6 ± 17.4 (between 3 and 71 years), 76 of them (49.7%) were 18 years old and younger, while 77 (50.3%) were adults. All cases were approached transthoracically and a total of 170 operations were performed on the 153 cases. Fever, weakness and dizziness were reported in only one patient who was given albendazole treatment. A partial increase in liver enzymes was observed in 16 cases (10.5%) after albendazole treatment. Mild leukopoenia and neutropenia were observed in only one of the cases. In 1 case, a second operation was performed 30 months later due to recurrence. Albendazole treatment was not required to be discontinued in any of the cases. Mortality was not observed in any of the cases. Factors such as mean age, cyst size and hospitalization period did not have a statistically significant effect on any changes in liver enzymes tests following albendazole therapy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Albendazole treatment can safely be used for postoperative prophylaxis in patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts in a controlled manner without causing serious complications. SUBJ COLLECTION: 152.

Assessment of Rabies Prophylaxis Cases in an Emergency Service.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, exposure features, and prophylactic care aspects of cases that presented to the emergency department of 1 state hospital in Turkey between 2013 and 2017 because of the risk of rabies contact. METHODS: Data from the retrospective cohort study were obtained from ED records of Erzurum Palandöken State Hospital between August 2013 and June 2017 regarding patients presenting to emergency service after the risk of rabies contact. Evaluation forms included demographic characteristics of the patients, contact type, contacted animal, exposure features, and the status of prophylaxis. Descriptive analysis, with frequency and percentage, was used. RESULTS: A total of 691 records were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 29.2 years (SD = 0.65). Of those, 547 (79%) were male, and 144 (21%) were female. Regarding location, 506 (73%) of the 691 cases were from urban areas, and 185 (27%) from rural settings. Of the cases, 515 (74%) were bite injuries, 159 (23%) were scratches, and 22 (3%) were contact. Of the contacted animals, 483 (70%) were dogs, 171 (25%) were cats, 11 (2%) were foxes, 14 (2%) were horses, 2 (< 1%) were sheep, and 10 (1%) were cattle. A total of 16 animals were vaccinated, however the vaccination status of 675 cases were not known by the patients. DISCUSSION: It would be beneficial to increase the number of studies regarding animal control, make correct and complete mandatory reporting, properly maintain the risky contact record, and create better pet vaccination cards in Turkey. The training deficiencies of related personnel at risk for contact with rabies are a major public health problem.

Meningitis following spinal anaesthesia in an obstetric patient.

Meningitis following lumbar puncture and spinal anaesthesia is a rare but serious complication. A 19-year-old woman was administered spinal anaesthesia at another centre prior to a Caesarean section. The following day she experienced headaches. On the fourth day, she started vomiting and having convulsions, and became agitated. Meningitis was diagnosed based on a clinical examination and analysis of a lumbar puncture sample. After 21 days of treatment, she was discharged. Meningitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with headaches following spinal anaesthesia. The causes of meningitis following spinal anaesthesia are debated, and it is difficult to distinguish between aseptic and bacterial meningitis. It should be compulsory to wear a face mask while performing a dural puncture.