Case Series: Neurobehavioral Profile of Adolescents with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome.

Background: PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) is a rare genetic condition caused by germline mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) gene with a phenotype that includes macrocephaly, cancer predisposition, developmental delay, increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and learning difficulties. Studies characterizing neurobehavioral profiles are limited. Methods: This single-site, retrospective case series was completed in children who have PHTS followed in a cancer predisposition clinic. Demographic and clinical, data were abstracted from the medical record for 12 patients (mean age at clinic entry = 8.83 years; 42% female). Neuropsychological data were abstracted for 3 of 12 patients that were referred for testing (17-year-old female with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]; 15-year-old male with academic concerns and ASD, 12-year-old male with academic concerns). Results: Of the 12 patients, macrocephaly was present in 100%, 58% had developmental delays during early childhood, and 17% had an ASD diagnosis. Results from neuropsychological testing showed Borderline to Average range global intellectual functioning (Standard Score range: 77 to 95) along with deficits in non-verbal reasoning, visual-motor integration, math achievement, and caregiver-rated adaptive skills. Conclusion: Individuals with PHTS may present with cognitive difficulties that impact everyday functioning, with or without a neurodevelopmental diagnosis. Routine neurocognitive assessment should be considered in management guidelines.

Beyond clinical practice in pediatric psychology: Illustrative experiences in influencing practice changes, public opinion, and governmental policies.

Consistent with the core underpinnings of advocacy within the field of pediatrics, the discipline of pediatric psychology places an emphasis on advocating for children through clinical and research efforts as well as through a systems approach of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnering with others. In the current article, the role of advocacy efforts for pediatric psychologists within children's hospitals are highlighted. Various forms and models of advocacy are discussed, particularly as they relate to individual and organizational advocacy within children's hospitals, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration and shared advocacy with other health care providers and leadership. Training of pediatric psychologists in advocacy is also addressed, including limitations in development and application of advocacy skills for pediatric psychologists. Examples of policy change at the hospital/institutional, state, and national levels are also provided. While pediatric psychologists are in unique positions to advocate for their patients within interdisciplinary health care settings, challenges in advocacy exist. Future directions for improving advocacy for pediatric psychologists are explored. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Fertility as a priority among at-risk adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer and their parents.

PURPOSE: Infertility is a frequent consequence of cancer therapy and is often associated with psychological distress. Although adult survivors prioritize fertility and parenthood, this issue remains unexplored among adolescent males. This study examined future fertility as a priority (relative to other life goals) at time of diagnosis for at-risk adolescents and their parents. METHODS: Newly diagnosed adolescent males (n = 96; age = 13.0-21.9 years) at increased risk for infertility secondary to cancer treatment prioritized eight life goals: to have school/work success, children, friends, wealth, health, a nice home, faith, and a romantic relationship. Patients' parents (fathers, n = 30; mothers, n = 61) rank-ordered the same priorities for their children. RESULTS: "Having children" was ranked as a "top 3" life goal among 43.8 % of adolescents, 36.7 % of fathers, and 21.3 % of mothers. Fertility ranked third among adolescents, fourth among fathers, and fifth among mothers. Future health was ranked the top priority across groups, distinct from all other goals (ps < 0.001), and fertility ranked higher than home ownership and wealth for all groups (ps < 0.001). For adolescents, low/moderate fertility risk perception was associated with higher fertility rankings than no/high risk perceptions (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Good health is the most important life goal among adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer and their parents. In this relatively small sample, adolescents prioritized fertility as a top goal, parents also rated fertility as being more important than home ownership and financial wealth. Health care providers should communicate fertility risk and preservation options at diagnosis and facilitate timely discussion among families, who may differ in prioritization of future fertility.

Risk factors for non-initiation of the human papillomavirus vaccine among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer.

Effective vaccination is now available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection and cause of cervical cancer. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV vaccination among childhood cancer survivors and identify factors associated with HPV vaccine initiation and completion. Mothers of daughters of ages 9 to 17 years with/without a history of childhood cancer (n = 235, Mage = 13.2 years, SD = 2.69; n = 70, Mage = 13.3 years, SD = 2.47, respectively) completed surveys querying HPV vaccination initiation and completion along with sociodemographic, medical, HPV knowledge and communication, and health belief factors, which may relate to vaccination outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors that associate with HPV vaccination initiation and completion. Among cancer survivors, 32.6% initiated and 17.9% completed the three-dose vaccine series, whereas 34.3% and 20.0% of controls initiated and completed, respectively. Univariate analyses indicated no differences between cancer/no cancer groups on considered risk factors. Among all participants, multivariate logistic regression analyses found vaccine initiation associated with older age of daughter and physician recommendation, whereas increased perceived barriers associated with a decreased likelihood of initiation (all P < 0.05). Among those having initiated, risk factors for noncompletion included being non-White, increased perceived severity of HPV, and increased perceived barriers to vaccination (all P < 0.05). A minority of adolescents surviving childhood cancer has completed vaccination despite their increased risk for HPV-related complication. These results inform the prioritization of strategies to be included in vaccine promotion efforts.

Clinical correlates of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression in youth.

A burgeoning body of literature addresses the comorbidity of depression and OCD in adults. The purpose of this study was to extend this area of research to children and adolescents by examining the clinical correlates associated with co-occurring depressive disorders in a clinical sample of youth with OCD. Participants included children and adolescents seeking treatment at a university-based research clinic. One group was comprised of 28 children (ages 10-17 years) who met diagnostic criteria for OCD but had no comorbid depressive disorders, whereas the second group consisted of 28 children matched for age and gender who met diagnostic criteria for OCD and co-occurring depressive disorder. The two groups were compared on measures of broad-band psychopathology, internalizing problems, social difficulties, and family characteristics. As anticipated, findings revealed comorbid depression and OCD was associated with more severe internalizing problems, more extensive obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and more social problems. Youth with comorbid depression and OCD also had higher family conflict and lower family organization compared to those with OCD and no depression. These results may have implications for the treatment of youth with comorbid OCD and depression.

Parent-child agreement in the assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The purpose of the current study was to extend research regarding parent-child agreement in the assessment of anxiety disorders to include youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Ninety-three children and adolescents with OCD (50 female, 43 male), ages 6 to 17 years, and their parents were administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children. Data were obtained from a review of records of children and their parents seeking services from a university-based research and treatment clinic. Consistent with previous research on the assessment of anxiety disorders in youth, results indicated that parent-child agreement in the assessment of OCD is relatively poor at both the diagnostic and symptom levels. Our findings highlight the importance of multiple informant diagnostic systems in assessing childhood OCD.