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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 14(55): 207-215, jul.-sept. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106759

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar a los niños ingresados con el diagnóstico de tos ferina en nuestro centro en el periodo estudiado y la relación de su evolución con diferentes datos clínicos, analíticos y/o epidemiológicos. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados en nuestro centro con diagnóstico de tos ferina en el periodo 2008-2011. Se incluyen en el estudio los casos que cumplen los criterios establecidos por los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Resultados: se estudian 85 pacientes (54,8% niñas) con una edad media de 2,04 meses. El tiempo medio de ingreso hospitalario fue de 7,44 días. Se encontró relación en la regresión lineal múltiple entre la duración del ingreso con el porcentaje de cayados (p=0,006), proteína C reactiva (PrCR) (p=0,001), saturación de oxígeno al ingreso (p=0,019), apnea (p<0,001) y cianosis (p=0,007). La tasa de ingresos aumentó progresivamente desde el año 2008. También se objetivó asociación entre la presencia de complicaciones y el porcentaje de cayados (p=0,026), saturación de oxígeno al ingreso (p=0,001), no haber recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna (p=0,007), oxigenoterapia (p=0,001), síntomas catarrales (p=0,017), apnea (p<0,001), cianosis (p=0,05) y coinfección con virus (virus respiratorio sincitial y/o adenovirus; p=0,044). Fallecieron dos pacientes (letalidad, 2,4%). Se observó relación en la regresión logística entre la mortalidad y el número de leucocitos (p=0,016), neutrófilos (p=0,016), linfocitos (p=0,016), cayados (p=0,001), PrCR (p=0,039) y procalcitonina (p=0,023) al ingreso. Conclusiones: la presencia de apnea y cianosis al comienzo del cuadro clínico, así como no haber recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna DTPa y mayores niveles de PrCR en el momento del ingreso pueden ser consideradas factores de riesgo mayor duración del ingreso hospitalario por tos ferina. El mayor porcentaje de cayados y nivel de procalcitonina, así como menor saturación de oxígeno, en el momento del ingreso; no haber recibido ninguna dosis de vacuna DTPa; la presencia de síntomas catarrales, apnea y cianosis en el comienzo del cuadro y la coinfección por virus respiratorios se pueden considerar factores de riesgo de la aparición de complicaciones durante el ingreso hospitalario(AU)


Objective: to analyze those children admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of pertussis during the studied period and the relationship of outcomes with different clinical, analytical and/or epidemiologic data. Material and methods: retrospective study of those patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of pertussis in the period 2008-2011. Those cases included accomplish the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: 85 patients (54.8% female), with a medium age of 2.04 months, are studied. Mean time of stay at hospital was of 7.44 days. We found relationship in the multiple lineal regression between the length of stay and the percentage of immature neutrophils (p=0.006), Protein C-reactive (PrCR; p=0.001), oxygen saturation at admission to hospital (p=0.019), apnea (p<0.001) and cyanosis (p=0.007). Rate of admissions to hospital was progressively higher since 2008. We have also found an association between the presence of complications and the percentage of immature neutrophils (p=0.026), saturation of oxygen at admission (p=0.001), not having received any dose of vaccine (p=0.007), oxygen (p=0.001), cold symptoms (p=0.017), apnea (p<0.001), cyanosis (p=0.05) and co-infection with viruses (adenovirus and/or VRS; p=0.044). Two patients died (lethality: 2.4%). We found relationship in the logistic regression between the mortality and the number of leucocytes (p=0.016), neutrophils (p=0.016), lymphocytes (p=0.016), immature neutrophils (p=0.001), PrCR (p=0.039) and procalcitonin (p=0.023) at admission to hospital. Conclusions: the presence of apnea and cyanosis at the beginning of clinical symptoms, ant not having received any dose of DTPa vaccine, and higher levels of PrCR at admission to hospital can be considered risk factors of a higher length of stay at hospital. The higher percentage of immature neutrophils and level of procalcitonin, and a lower oxygen saturation at admission, not having received any dose of vaccine DTPa, the presence of cold symptoms, apnea and cyanosis at the beginning of symptoms and the co-infection with respiratory viruses, can be considered risk factors of complications during the hospital admission because of pertussis(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Coqueluche/complicações , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Hospitalização/tendências , Apneia/complicações , Cianose/complicações , Criança Hospitalizada/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Intervalos de Confiança
2.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(3): 74-77, jul.-sept. 2012. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107571

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad neumocócica invasiva es una de las patologías con mayor morbimortalidad en la edad pediátrica. A pesar de las expectativas creadas, se discute sobre el papel de la vacuna heptavalente en la incidencia de neumonías complicadas. Nuestro objetivo es constatar si se ha producido un incremento de las mismas en nuestro hospital. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 9.068 pacientes ingresados con neumonía en el Hospital Niño Jesús entre los años 1996 y 2010. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional , analizando la introducción parcial o total de la vacuna. Resultados: Se evaluaron 3 grupos en función de la no introducción y la introducción parcial o total de la vacuna. Se constató globalmente un aumento de derrames (p < 0,005) en los grupos tras la introducción de la vacuna. Conclusiones: Tras la introducción de la vacuna heptavalente antineumocócica se ha podido constatar en nuestra muestra un aumento de neumonías complicadas con derrame (AU)


Introduction: Invasive pneumococcal disease is one of the diseases with higher morbidity and mortality in children. Despite expectations created, we discuss the role of the heptavalent vaccine in the incidence of complicates pneumonia. Our goal is to determine if it has increased in our hospital. Patients and methods: We studied 9068 patients admitted with the diagnosis of pneumonia in the Hospital Niño Jesús between 1996 and 2010. A retrospective, observational study, analyzing the total or partial introduction of the vaccine. Results: Sample segregation in 3 groups according to the non introduction and the total or partial introduction of the vaccine. We confirmed an increase in pleural effusion (p< 0.005) in vaccine groups. Conclusions: After the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine it has been found in our sample an increase in complicated pneumonia with pleural effusion (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Derrame Pleural/epidemiologia , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Esquemas de Imunização
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 77(1): 5-11, jul. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101253

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estudiar la utilidad de una modalidad específica de fisioterapia respiratoria, consistente en maniobras de espiración lenta prolongada seguida de tos provocada, en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) del lactante hospitalizado. Pacientes y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado y doble ciego realizado con 236 pacientes de edad inferior a 7 meses e ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis aguda, primer episodio, en la sección de lactantes de un hospital pediátrico de Madrid. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en el momento del ingreso en dos grupos: los que recibieron maniobras de fisioterapia respiratoria y los que recibieron otras maniobras placebo. Únicamente los fisioterapeutas que intervinieron en el estudio conocían la asignación de los niños. Los días de hospitalización y las horas de oxigenoterapia fueron utilizados como medida de resultado. Resultados: De la totalidad de los niños estudiados, el 57,6% recibió maniobras de fisioterapia respiratoria y el 42,4% restante recibió maniobras placebo. En el grupo que recibió fisioterapia la estancia media en el hospital fue de 4,56 días (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 4,36-6,06) y el tiempo medio de oxigenoterapia fue de 49,98 horas (IC del 95%, 43,64-67,13) frente a 4,54 días (IC del 95%, 3,81-5,73) y 53,53 horas (IC del 95%, 48,03-81,40), respectivamente, en el grupo que no recibió fisioterapia. Estos resultados en ningún caso alcanzan significación estadística. Los pacientes con estudio positivo de VRS (virus respiratorio sincitial) en aspirado nasofaríngeo y que recibieron maniobras de fisioterapia necesitaron menos horas de oxigenoterapia 48,80 horas (IC del 95%, 42,94-55,29) frente a 58,68 horas (IC del 95%, 55,46-65,52), respectivamente, siendo el único resultado estadísticamente significativo (p=0,042). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la fisioterapia respiratoria no ha sido eficaz para reducir la estancia hospitalaria ni el tiempo de oxigenoterapia en los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda, sin embargo, en los niños con estudio positivo de VRS en aspirado nasofaríngeo se observó una necesidad menor de horas de oxígeno (p=0,042) (AU)


Objetive: To study the utility of chest physiotherapy by increased exhalation technique with assisted cough in the acute bronchiolite of the hospitalized new-born babys. Patients and methods: Double-blind clinical trial accomplished on 236 patients of age lower than 7 months and hospitalizad with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, in a pediatric department in Madrid. The patients were randomized in two groups: those who have received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and those who have received maneuvers placebo. Only physiotherapist were aware of the allocation group of the infants. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygen therapy were used like result measurement. Results: From the totality of the studied children 57,6% received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and 42,4% remaining received maneuvers placebo. In the group that received chest physiotherapy the average stay in the hospital was 4,56 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4,36-6,06) and the average time of oxygen therapy was 49,98 (95% CI 43,64-67,13) hours opposite to 4,54 days (95%CI 3,81-5,73) and 53,53hours (95% CI 48,03-81,40) respectively in the group that did not receive chest physiotherapy. In the patients with analytical print for VRS and that received chest physiotherapy less hours of oxygen therapy were needed 48,80hours (95% CI 42,94-55,29) opposite to 56,68hours (95% CI 55,46-65,52) respectively, being the only one turned out as per statistics significantly (P=.042). Conclusions: Results show that chest physiotherapy has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygen therapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis, but in the positive study of children with respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need hours of oxygen. hours (P=.042)(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Bronquiolite/terapia , Exercícios Respiratórios , Criança Hospitalizada , Método Duplo-Cego , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 77(1): 5-11, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22281403

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To study the utility of chest physiotherapy by increased exhalation technique with assisted cough in the acute bronchiolite of the hospitalized new-born babys. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Double-blind clinical trial accomplished on 236 patients of age lower than 7 months and hospitalizad with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, in a pediatric department in Madrid.The patients were randomized in two groups: those who have received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and those who have received maneuvers placebo. Only physiotherapist were aware of the allocation group of the infants. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygentherapy were used like result measurement. RESULTS: From the totality of the studied children 57,6% received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and 42,4% remaining received maneuvers placebo. In the group that received chest physiotherapy the average stay in the hospital was 4,56 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4,36-6,06) and the average time of oxygentherapy was 49,98 (95% CI 43,64-67,13) hours opposite to 4,54 days (95%CI 3,81-5,73) and 53,53 hours (95% CI 48,03-81,40) respectively in the group that did not receive chest physiotherapy. In the patients with analytical print for VRS and that received chest physiotherapy less hours of oxygen therapy were needed 48,80 hours (95% CI 42,94-55,29) opposite to 56,68 hours (95% CI 55,46-65,52) respectively, being the only one turned out as per statistics significantly (P=.042). CONCLUSIONS: Results show that chest physiotherapy has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygentherapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis, but in the positive study of children with respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need hours of oxygen. hours (P=.042).


Assuntos
Bronquiolite/terapia , Terapia Respiratória/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 74(4): 232-238, abr. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88517

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una vasculitis sistémica aguda de la infancia, de etiología desconocida, considerada la principal causa de cardiopatía adquirida en la infancia en los países desarrollados. Por ello, es importante conocer las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki en nuestro medio y buscar factores relacionados con la aparición de alteraciones cardiológicas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 76 niños diagnosticados de enfermedad de Kawasaki desde enero de 1997 hasta mayo de 2008. Resultados: El 64,5% eran varones, con una edad media de 3 años y 4 meses. Las manifestaciones clínicas principales que presentaron fueron fiebre (media 8,13 días), exantema, hiperemia conjuntival bilateral, afectación bucal, afectación de extremidades, adenopatía única y artralgias. Entre los hallazgos analíticos destacaron leucocitosis, trombocitosis, proteína C reactiva (PCR) y velocidad de sedimentación glomerular elevadas, hipoalbuminemia, hiperbilirrubinemia, aumento de transaminasas y piuria estéril. Presentaron alteraciones coronarias12 pacientes (15,7%), 2 insuficiencia mitral leve y 1 derrame pericárdico leve. Hubo una hepatitis colestásica. Todas las complicaciones se resolvieron sin secuelas. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo para la aparición de aneurismas coronarios el sexo varón (OR = 1,24), exantema urticariforme (OR = 10,53) y PCR > 10 mg/dl (OR = 4,20). Conclusiones: Nuestros pacientes presentaron las manifestaciones clínicas y analíticas típicas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki. El 15,7% tuvo alteraciones coronarias leves. Son factores de riesgo de aparición de aneurismas coronarios el sexo masculino, exantema urticariforme y PCR elevada (AU)


Introduction: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood, of unknown origin, and is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Therefore, it is important to know clinical manifestations and complications in children with Kawasaki disease in our environment and to look for risk factors for the development of cardiac complications. Material and methods: Retrospective review of 76 children with Kawasaki disease evaluated from January 1997 to May 2008. Results: Of the patients studied, 64.5% were males. The mean age was 3 years and 4 months. The main clinical findings were fever (mean of 8.13 days), rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, cervical lymphadenopathy and arthralgias. The most important laboratory findings were leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated serum transaminases and sterile pyuria. Twelve of the patients (15.7%) developed coronary artery aneurysms, two patients had a mild mitral insufficiency and one patient with a mild pericardial effusion. There was one case of cholestatic hepatitis. All the complications were resolved without sequelae. Male sex (OR = 1.24), an urticarial exanthem (OR = 10.53) and a C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dl(OR = 4.20) were identified as risk factors for coronary aneurysms. Conclusions: Our patients had the typical clinical and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease. Mild coronary artery complications were observed in 15.7% of the patients. Male sex, an urticarial exanthem and an elevated C-reactive protein are risk factors for coronary aneurysms (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicações , Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Aneurisma Coronário/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 74(4): 232-8, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21296631

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood, of unknown origin, and is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Therefore, it is important to know clinical manifestations and complications in children with Kawasaki disease in our environment and to look for risk factors for the development of cardiac complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 76 children with Kawasaki disease evaluated from January 1997 to May 2008. RESULTS: Of the patients studied, 64.5% were males. The mean age was 3 years and 4 months. The main clinical findings were fever (mean of 8.13 days), rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, cervical lymphadenopathy and arthralgias. The most important laboratory findings were leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated serum transaminases and sterile pyuria. Twelve of the patients (15.7%) developed coronary artery aneurysms, two patients had a mild mitral insufficiency and one patient with a mild pericardial effusion. There was one case of cholestatic hepatitis. All the complications were resolved without sequelae. Male sex (OR = 1.24), an urticarial exanthem (OR = 10.53) and a C-reactive protein > 10mg/dl (OR = 4.20) were identified as risk factors for coronary aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Our patients had the typical clinical and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease. Mild coronary artery complications were observed in 15.7% of the patients. Male sex, an urticarial exanthem and an elevated C-reactive protein are risk factors for coronary aneurysms.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
7.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(6): 438-440, nov.-dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60236

RESUMO

Introducción: Se ha señalado que las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) por gérmenes diferentes a E. Coli se asocian con mas frecuencia a malformaciones vesicoureterales y cicatrices renales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características analíticas y las pruebas de imagen (ECO y CUMS) en lactantes ingresados con el diagnóstico de primera ITU y evaluar si hay diferencias entre aquellas producidas por E. coli y las producidas por otros patógenos. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en 203 pacientes diagnosticados de primera ITU ingresados en el Servicio de Lactantes de nuestro Hospital entre los años 2003 y 2007. Se recogieron datos de laboratorio al ingreso y se les realizó pruebas de imagen (ECO y CUIMS), junto con un seguimiento posterior en Consultas Externas. Resultados: De los 203 niños incluidos, 174 (85,7%) resultaron positivos para E. coli y 29 (14,3%) para diferentes patógenos no E. coli. Estos últimos presentaron más alteraciones en la ECO que los no E. coli: OR =2,61 (1,12-6,05). Asimismo, presentaron mayor frecuencia de anomalías nefrourológicas, considerando como tal la presencia de alteraciones en la ECO y/o CUMS: OR=4,57 (2,01-10,4). También comprobamos que pacientes cuyos urocultivos fueron positivos para patógenos diferentes a E. coli mostraron más frecuentemente reflujo vesicoureteral grado ≥3 que los E. coli: OR = 7,9 (2,68-27,2), p<0,05. En nuestro estudio no hemos encontrado diferencias en el resto de parámetros analizados (datos epidemiológicos y de laboratorio). Conclusión: De nuestros resultados parece deducirse que aquellos niños que presentan una ITU por gérmenes no E. coli presentan más frecuentemente malformaciones nefrourológicas (AU)


Introduction: It is pointed out that non E. coli urinary tract infections (UTI) are more frequently related to vesicoureteral anomalies and renal scarring. This research aims to analyse the laboratory features and imaging studies (urinary tract ultrasound and cycystourethrography) in hospitalized infants diagnosed as first UTI, as well as evaluating possible differences between those caused by E. coli or other pathogens. Patients and methods: Between 2003 and 2007, medical databases of 203 infants hospitalized in our department for first UTI were reviewed. Initial laboratory data and imaging studies (urinary tract ultrasound and cystourethrography) were collected, together with the follow-up of every infant in outpatient services. Results: Out of the 203 infants included in the research study, 174 (85,7%) were diagnosed as E. coli UTI and 29 (14,3%) as UTI caused by other pathogens. More urinary tract ultrasound anomalies were noted in the latter compared to non E. coli: O.R. = 2.31 (1,12-6,05). In this way they showed higher rates of urinary tract anomalies, if we consider these ones as anomalies in ultrasound and/or cystourethrography, with OR=4.57 (2,01-10,4). We also detected that infants with non E. coli UTI yielded a higher association with ≥3 vesicoureteral reflux compared to E coli UTI: OR = 7,9 (2,68-27,2) P<0,05. We have not detected any other differences between E. coli and non E. Coli UTIs (epidemiologic and laboratory data). Conclusion: According to these results, we assume that infants who suffer form a non- E. coli first UTI are more commonly linked to urinary tract anomalies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
Nefrologia ; 28(3): 283-6, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18590494

RESUMO

AIMS: To look forward for a formulae able to predict the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in the first urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We had studied all the diagnosticated first UTI in breast-fed babies in our hospital along 21/2 years. All had been subjects of a renal ultrasound scan, VCUG and CRP test. We have analyzed the result by diagnosis test and logistic regression. RESULTS: We have studied 267 infants aged between 2 days and 24 months old.17,33% manifested UTI caused by germs different than E Coli, 40 subjects presented anomalies in the ultrasound scan and 108 manifested VUR. Oostenbruck s score had been useless in detecting VUR subjects. In the multivariable analysis the two variables of anomalies in the ultrasonographic scan and non E Coli caused UIT were the only ones to presented statistical significance to sign the presence of VUR and of the likeness of VUR of grade > or = 3. The negative probability coefficients for infants with ultrasonographics anomalies and/or UTI non E Coli produced were of 0,78 (IC 0,67-0,90) for all degrees of VUR, 0,25 (IC 0,10-0,52) for VUR with degree > or = 3 and 0 (IC 0-0,67) for VUR with degree > or = 4. CONCLUSIONS: We deduced that in children younger of 24 months old that suffer their first UTI the indication to proceeded with a VCUG could be limited to the subjects with present anomalies in the renal ultrasound scan and/or UTI non E Coli, thought there will precised more studies to confirm this findings.


Assuntos
Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/diagnóstico , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/etiologia , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
9.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 28(3): 283-286, mayo-jun. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99070

RESUMO

Objetivos: Buscar fórmulas para predecir la presencia de reflujo vesicuoureteral (RUV) en la primera infección urinaria(ITU) en la infancia. Sujetos y métodos: Se han estudiado todos los niños diagnosticados de la primera ITU en la Sección de Lactantes de nuestro hospital durante 21/2 años. A todos ellos se les realizó ecografía renal, cistografía miccional (CUMS) y determinación de PCR. Se analizaron los resultados mediante regresión logística y los test para pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 267 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 2 días y los 24 meses. El 17,33% presentaron ITU por gérmenes distintos al E Coli, 40 tenían anomalías en la ecografía renal y 108 RUV. La fórmula de Oostenbrink no demostró utilidad para identificar los RUV. En el análisis multivariante la presencia de UTI no E Coli y de anomalías ecográficas fueron las únicas variables que presentaron significación estadística tanto para la presencia de cualquier tipo de RUV como para RUV de grado ³ 3. Los coeficientes de probabilidad negativos para niños con anomalías ecográficas y/o ITU no E Coli fueron de 0,78 (IC0,67-0,90) para cualquier grado de RUV, 0,25 ( IC 0,10-0,52)para RUV con grado ³ 3 y de 0 (IC 0-0,67) para RUV con grado ³ 4.Conclusiones: De nuestro estudio parece deducirse que en los niños menores de 24 meses con una primera ITU, la indicación de realización de un CUMS podría limitarse a los casos con presencia de anomalías en la ecografía renal y/o de ITU no E Coli, aunque son precisos estudios más amplios para confirmar estos hallazgos (AU)


Aims To look forward for a formulae able to predict the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in the first urinary tract infection(UTI) in infants. Subjects and Methods: We had studied all the diagnosticated first UTI in breast-fed babies in our hospital along 21/2 years. All had been subjects of a renal ultrasound scan, VCUG and CRP test. We have analyzed the result by diagnosis test and logistic regression. Results: We have studied 267 infants aged between 2 days and24 months old.17,33% manifested UTI caused by germs different than E Coli, 40 subjects presented anomalies in the ultrasounds can and 108 manifested VUR. Oostenbruck´s score had been useless in detecting VUR subjects. In the multivariable analysis the two variables of anomalies in the ultrasonographics can and non E Coli caused UIT were the only ones to presented statistical significance to sign the presence of VUR and of the likeness of VUR of grade ³ 3. The negative probability coefficients for infants with ultrasonographics anomalies and/or UTI non E Coli produced were of 0,78 (IC 0,67-0,90) for all degrees of VUR, 0,25 (IC 0,10-0,52) for VUR with degree ³ 3 and 0 (IC 0-0,67) for VUR with degree ³ 4.Conclusions: We deduced that in children younger of 24 months old that suffer their first UTI the indication to proceeded with a VCUG could be limited to the subjects with present anomalies in the renal ultrasound scan and/or UTI non E Coli, thought there will précised more studies to confirm this findings (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/prevenção & controle , Testes de Função Renal/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Bexiga Urinária , Sistema Urinário
10.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(2): 126-129, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60244

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Las gastroenteritis (GEA) nosocomiales son una complicación frecuente en las áreas de hospitalización pediátrica. Objetivo: Estudiar los posibles factores de riesgo para la presencia de gastroenteritis nosocomiales. Métodos: Estudio de los niños de hasta 24 meses de edad ingresados en la Sección de Lactantes de nuestro Hospital. Se analizaron separadamente los grupos con gastroenteritis adquirida en la comunidad, gastroenteritis nosocomial y no gastroenteritis. Resultados: De los 1.517 niños ingresados, 228 presentaron GEA y de ellos en 39 casos se trató de una GEA nosocomial. En 77 casos se detectó rotavirus y en 22, bacterias enteropatógenas. La incidencia acumulada de GEA nosocomial por 100 pacientes fue de 2,98% y la tasa o densidad de incidencia por 100 estancias fue de 0,51. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la edad entre los 3 grupos. La estancia media de los niños con GEA nosocomial fue significativamente mayor y se encontraron odds ratio de 4,87 (IC 1,94-12,2) para los niños con estancias entre 6 y 10 días y 15,93 (IC 5,89-43) para aquellos con estancias mayores de 10 días respecto a los que tuvieron estancias menores de 6 días. Conclusiones: La probabilidad de presentar una GEA nosocomial se incrementa con la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria. Disminuir los días de estancia debe ser un objetivo par aprevenir las GEA nosocomiales (AU)


Precedents: The osocomial gastroenteritis (GEA) is a frequent complication in the areas of paediatric hospitalization. Aim: To study the relation between the days that remain entered the patients and the nosocomial gastroenteritis. Methods: Study of the children of up to 24 months of age joined the Section of Infants of our hospital. The groups were analyzed separately by gastroenteritis acquired in the community, nosocomial gastroenteritis and not gastroenteritis. Results: Of 1.517 entered children, 228 presented GEA and of them in 39 cases treat of a nosocomial GEA. In 77 cases detect rotavirus and in 22 enteropatogenic bacteria. The incident accumulated of nosocomial GEA by 100 patients was of 0,51. They did not find significant differences as for the age in 3 groups. The average stay of the children with nosocomial GEA was significantly major and they found odds ratio of 4,87 (IC 1,94-12,2) for the children between 6 and 10 days and 15,93 (IC 5,98-43) for those with major stays of 10 days with regard to those who had minor stays of 6 days. Conclusions: The probability of presenting a nosocomial GEA increases with the prolongation of the hospitable stay. To diminish the days of stay must be an aim to prevent the nosocomial GEAs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , /estatística & dados numéricos , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia
11.
Prev. tab ; 9(3): 113-116, jul.-sept. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78937

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer el porcentaje de mujeres que dejan de fumar durante el embarazo y las que recaen en el habito seis meses después del parto. Método: Encuesta a madres con niños hospitalizados con 6 o más meses de edad de enero de 2000 a octubre de 2006. Resultados: Un 57,55% de las fumadoras abandonaron el hábito durante el embarazo. A los seis meses el 36,01% había vuelto a fumar. La edad de las que continuaron sin fumar era significativamente mayor que la de las que no dejaron de fumar, y la de las que habiéndolo dejado, a los seis meses habían vuelto a fumar. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los años analizados en las tasas de abandono del hábito tabáquico ni en el de recaídas. El porcentaje de padres no fumadores y de lactancia materna fue significativamente mayor en el caso de las madres que no volvieron a reiniciar el hábito en relación a lasque no dejaron de fumar y las que recayeron. Conclusiones: El número de mujeres que continúan fumando durante el embarazo es elevado, aunque un número importante deja el hábito en este momento. El porcentaje de recaídas en las que abandona el hábito también es preocupante. Es aconsejable una política más activa, tanto para aumentar el número de abandonos del tabaquismo durante el embarazo como para prevenir las recaídas (AU)


Objective: Know the percentage of women who quit smoking during pregnancy and those who relapse in the habit 6 months after giving birth. Method: Survey of mothers with hospitalized children who are 6 months or older from January 2000 to October 2006. Results: A total of 57.55% of the smokers quit the habit during pregnancy. At 6 months, 36.01% had begun to smoke again. Age of those who continued without smoking was significantly greater than those who did not quit and that of those who having quit, had begun to smoke again at 6 months. There were no significant differences in the years analyzed in the smoking habit abandonment rates or in the relapses. The percentages of non-smoking parents and maternal lactancy was significantly greater in the case of the mothers who did not reinitiate smoking in relationship to those who did not quit and those who relapsed. Conclusions: The number of women who continue to smoke during pregnancy is elevated, although a significant number quit at that time. The percentage of relapses in those who had quit is also of concern. A more active policy should be taken both to increase the number of those who quit smoking during pregnancy as well as to prevent the relapses (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Fumar/epidemiologia , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/psicologia , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco/métodos , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Enquete Socioeconômica
12.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(3): 216-221, mayo-jun. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-126988

RESUMO

Objetivos: Los episodios aparentemente letales (ALTE) suponen un reto diagnóstico. Nuestro objetivo es determinar cuáles son los diagnósticos más frecuentemente alcanzados en lactantes que han sufrido un ALTE y evaluar la utilidad de las diferentes pruebas diagnósticas. Métodos. Se revisaron datos de la historia clínica, la exploración, las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas y los diagnósticos finales alcanzados de los pacientes ingresados en la sección de Lactantes de nuestro hospital en 2004 y 2005. Clasificamos a los pacientes en tres grupos, dependiendo de los datos que contribuyeron en mayor medida al juicio diagnóstico. Resultados: De los 3.176 informes revisados, 83 cumplían criterios de inclusión. Contabilizamos 21 pruebas diagnósticas diferentes. A cada paciente se le realizó una media de 6,83 ± 3,22 pruebas. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron determinantes el 27,5% fueron diagnosticados principalmente gracias a las pruebas complementarias y en un 7,5% de los casos no hubo una orientación diagnóstica clara. el número de pruebas realizadas en cada grupo fue diferente. Conclusiones: la historia clínica y el examen físico son fundamentales para llegar a un diagnóstico. Los ALTe suelen ser un síntoma acompañante de patología frecuente durante la lactancia, como el reflujo gastroesofágico o la bronquiolitis, no la primera manifestación de enfermedades graves y relativamente poco frecuentes (AU)


Objectives. Apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) are often a diagnostic challenge. Our aim is to describe the diagnoses most frequently achieve in infants with ALTE, and evaluate the usefulness of the different diagnostic studies. Methods: Data from all the infants accepted in Lactantes Service of Niño Jesus Hospital in Madrid between 2004 and 2005 were revised. Data were collected about clinical history, physical exam, diagnostic tests and final diagnostic achieve. We classificate patients in three groups, depending on the data that were more important to achieve the final diagnosis. Results: 3.176 clinical informs were revised and 83 of them matched the inclusion criteria. 21 different diagnosis studies were performed. Each patients was studied with an average of 6,83 ± 3,22 diagnostic tests. Infective pathology was the most frequently founded (23 cases) followed by gastrointestinal pathology (21 cases). In 65% of patients the clinical history and physical exam was determinant, 27% were diagnosed basically by complementary tests and in 7,5% of cases a clear diagnostic was not achieved. The number of studies performed was different among the three groups. Conclusions. the clinical history and the physical exam are the most important tools to achieve a diagnosis. ALTE are usually a symptom that accompany frequent pathology in infants, like gastroesophageal reflux or bronchiolitis, rather than the first symptom of an important and less frequent pathology (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Evento Inexplicável Breve Resolvido/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Anamnese/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos
14.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(2): 116-119, ago. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044387

RESUMO

Introducción: La exposición al tabaco durante la gestación es un importante factor de riesgo para la población infantil, y a corto plazo se ha relacionado con un aumento de niños nacidos con bajo peso. Pacientes y métodos: Llevamos a cabo un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo entre los niños ingresados en la sección de lactantes del hospital. Se recogen datos de 2.370 lactantes entre 2002 y 2004. Resultados: La odds ratio (OR) para el bajo peso en el grupo de madres fumadoras fue de 1,42 (intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC 95 %]: 1,017-1,985), y en el grupo de las que su pareja fumaba fue de 1,37 (IC 95 %: 1,014-1,863). La OR para la variable semanas de gestación fue de 0,585 (IC 95 %: 0,545-0,628), mientras que el porcentaje de niños con bajo peso no fue significativamente distinto según sexo (OR: 1,25; IC 95 %: 0,934-1,671). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados refuerzan la necesidad de hacer mayor hincapié en la prevención del tabaquismo durante y después del embarazo en ambos progenitores conjuntamente, ya que se podrían reducir gran cantidad de complicaciones para la salud de los niños que implican un alto coste médico, social y económico


Introduction: Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is an important risk factor in the pediatric population and has been associated with an increase in low birth weight (LBW) infants. Patients and methods: We carried out a retrospective case-control study of infants admitted to the Infants Department of the Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús in Madrid. Data from 2370 infants admitted to the hospital between 2002 and 2004 were collected. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for having a LBW infant was 1.42 (95 % CI: 1.017-1.985) among mothers who smoked during pregnancy and was 1.37 (95 % CI: 1.014-1.863) among women whose partners smoked. Gestational age was also a predictive factor of birth weight: the OR was 0.585 (95 % CI: 0.545-0.628). No significant differences for risk of LBW were found between sexes (OR: 1.25; 95 % CI: 0.934-1.671). Conclusions: Our results should reinforce the importance of smoking prevention during and after pregnancy in both parents, which could reduce many complications in children's health with a high medical, social and economic cost


Assuntos
Adulto , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Peso ao Nascer , Tabagismo/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
15.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(2): 116-9, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16045869

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is an important risk factor in the pediatric population and has been associated with an increase in low birth weight (LBW) infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective case-control study of infants admitted to the Infants Department of the Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús in Madrid. Data from 2370 infants admitted to the hospital between 2002 and 2004 were collected. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for having a LBW infant was 1.42 (95 % CI: 1.017-1.985) among mothers who smoked during pregnancy and was 1.37 (95 % CI: 1.014-1.863) among women whose partners smoked. Gestational age was also a predictive factor of birth weight: the OR was 0.585 (95 % CI: 0.545-0.628). No significant differences for risk of LBW were found between sexes (OR: 1.25; 95 % CI: 0.934-1.671). CONCLUSIONS: Our results should reinforce the importance of smoking prevention during and after pregnancy in both parents, which could reduce many complications in children's health with a high medical, social and economic cost.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
16.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(2): 110-113, mar.-abr. 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121900

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer la incidencia de leishmaniasis visceral infantil en nuestro Hospital en los últimos 10 años y compararlo con estudios previos publicados. Material y métodos. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los casos de leishmaniasis infantil entre 1993 y junio 2004 en nuestro Hospital. Se obtienen 18 casos de los que recogemos los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, domicilio, antecedentes personales, clínica, exploración, pruebas complementarias, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento. Resultados. La incidencia de la enfermedad fue de 2-3 casos al año, con un pico máximo en el 2002; la mayoría procedían de Madrid, encontrándose sólo en dos casos antecedentes de interés. En la serie obtenida 11 fueron varones y 7 mujeres, con un rango de edad entre los 4 meses y los 9 años. La fiebre se presentó en todos los pacientes acompañándose de otros síntomas como astenia y anorexia; en la exploración física destacó la esplenomegalia, seguida de la palidez cutánea y hepatomegalia. En los parámetros sanguíneos todos presentaron anemia y en algunos casos otros datos como plaquetopenia, leucopenia, transaminasas e IgG elevadas. En todos los casos fue positivo el aspirado de médula ósea; de éstos un 78% tenía antícuerpos antileishmania positivos. El tratamiento de elección en 17 casos fue antimoniato de meglumina y un caso anfotericina B. Conclusiones. La leishmaniasis continúa siendo un problema en nuestro medio, afectando a niños con edades comprendidas entre 1 y 3 años por la vulnerabilidad de sus sistema inmune y sin tener una historia de contagio aparente (AU)


Objective. Knowing the incidence of the visceral leishmaniasis in children within our hospital in the last 10 years and comparing it with previous papers. Children and methods. A retrospective study of cases with leishmaniasis between 1993 and June of 2004 in our hospital has been carried out. 18 cases have been obtained, the following features have been collected for them: age, sex, address, personal records, symptoms, physical examination, laboratory testing, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Results. The disease incidence was 2-3 cases annually, with the maximum value in 2002; most of them were form Madrid, and only two cases presented animal contact. They were 11 boys and 7 girls, with a range of ages between 4 months and 9 years. Every patient had fever and some of them presented other symptoms such as asthenia and anorexia. The splenomegaly was the principal sign, followed by the pale skin and hepatomegaly. All of them presented anemia and some of them showed low blood platelets, leucopenia and high value of transaminasas and IgG. In every case the parasite could be seen in the bone marrow. 78% of them had positive antileishmania antibodies. The principal drug used within the treatment was the Antimoniato de Meglumina and in just one case Anfotericine B. Conclusions. The leishmaniasis is still a problem in our environment, affecting 1 to 3 years old children because of their immature immunodeficiency (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmania/patogenicidade , Meglumina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Células da Medula Óssea/patologia
17.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 341-347, jul.-ago. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119742

RESUMO

Objetivos. Determinar la influencia del hábito tabáquico sobre el inicio y duración de la lactancia materna. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de encuesta. Se consideraron casos aquellos niños que no había recibido lactancia materna, siendo los alimentos al pecho el grupo control Para comparar los grupos se aplico la odds ratio y la T de Student para variables continúas. Se realizó análisis multivariante con regresión logística, y regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados. Se recogieron los datos de 624 niños ingresados. De ellos, 123 (19,71%) no habían recibido lactancia materna, considerándose éstos como casos, frente a los 501 restantes (80,29%), alimentados al pecho, que se incluyeron en el grupo control. El 77,87% de los varones del estudio fueron alimentados con lactancia materna, frente al 83,52% de las niñas (OR=1,44 )0,95-2,16)). Del total de madres que fumaron durante el embarazo, el 64,07% amamantaron a su hijo, frente al 85,78% de las madres no fumadoras (OR= 3,38 (2,24- 4,10). Tras realizar análisis multivariante con regresión logística, el sexo mascuino (p=0,04; OR= 2,38 (1,01-2,38), el hábito tabáquico durante la gestación (p<0,0001; OR=3,70(2,43-5,55)), y la gestación de duración <36 semanas (p=0,0003; OR= 2,00 (1,12- 3,58)) mostraron una asociación negativa con la lactancia materna. El hábito tabáquico paterno y materno no resultó significativo. La regresión lineal múltiple demostró que sólo la edad del niño y el tabaquismo gestacional eran factores predictivos, positivo y negativo, respectivamente, de la duración de la lactancia materna (p<0,0001). Conclusiones. El sexo masculino, el hábito tabáquico gestacional y la gestación <36 semanas de duración constituyen factores de riesgo para no ser amamantado. La baja edad del niño y el hábito tabáquico gestación influyen negativamente en la duración de la lactancia materna. La negativamente en la duración de la lactancia materna. La prevención del hábito tabáquico favorecería la elección de la lactancia materna como forma de alimentación del niño (AU)


Objectives. To determine the influence of smoking habit in the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Pacients and methods. Retrospective case-control study. Information was collected by questionnaire. Breastfed children were included in control group, and the rest of them were the case group. Comparison between groups were performed by means of the Student´s T-test for continuous variable. A multiple logistic and lineal regression were carried out. Results. A total of 624 children were included. 123 of them (19.71%) were not breastfed, being the case group, versus 501 (80.20%) breastfed, included in the control group. From the total of males in the study, 77,87% of them received breastfeeding, comparing with 83.52% of females (OR = 1.44 (0.95-2.16). Among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, 64.07% received breastfeeding; in contrast, 85.78% of children with non-smoker mothers during pregnancy were breastfed. After the multivariant analysis with logistic regression, male (p=0.04; OR02.38 (1.01-2.38)), smoking during pregnancy (p<0,00001: OR=3.70 (2.43-5.55)), and gestation less than 36 weeks of duration (p=0.0003); OR= 2.00 (1,12-3.58)), showed a negative association with breastfeeding. Parental postnatal smoking were not statistically significant. Multiple lineal regression revealed that child´s age and smoking during preg (...)(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Aleitamento Materno/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco
18.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(3): 238-242, mayo-jun. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119731

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y etiología de la meningitis bacteriana infantil y el perfil de susceptibilidad antibiótica de sus agentes causales. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de las meningitis bacterianas diagnosticadas en el laboratorio del Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús de Madrid en niños de edades comprendidas entre 10 días y 17 años, a lo largo de los años 1996-2001, y estudio comparativo de los resultados obtenidos con el quinquenio anterior. Resultados. Se identifican 127 meningitis bacterianas: 95 por N. meningitidis (56 de serogrupo B, 38 de C y 1 de W135), 16 por S. pneumonide, 6 por H. influenzae, 5 por M. tuberculosis y 5 por otras gérmenes. Test de susceptibilidad antibiótica: N. meningitidis 59% de las cepas sensibilidad disminuida a penicilina: S. pneumonia 66% de las cepas sensibilidad disminuida a penicilina: H. influenzae 80% β-lactamas positiva. Conclusiones. Predominio de N. meningitidis como agente causal (74,8%), siendo el serogrupo B el más frecuente (58,9%). El 59% de las cepas presentan sensibilidad disminuida a penicilina. En segundo lugar, S. pneumoniae (13%) con el 66% de las cepas con sensibilidad disminuida a penicilina. En tercer lugar, H. influenzae (5%), con descenso significativo asociado a la vacunación, todos ellos aislados en el año 1996 con un 80% de β-lactamasa positiva (AU)


Objetive. To determine the prevalence and etiology of bacterial meningitis in childhood and its profile of antibiotic susceptibility of agents. Patients and methods. Prospective study of bacterial meningitis diagnosed in the laboratory of Niño Jesús Infant Hospital of Madrid, in children between 10 days and 17 years-old, from 1996 to 2001, and comparative study of results obtains in the previous five year period. Results. 127 bacterial meningitis were identified: 95 by N. meningitidis (56 of serotype B, 38 of C and 1 of W135), 16 by S. pneumonia, 6 by H. influenza, 5 by M. tuberculosis and 5 by other germs. Antibiotic susceptibility test: N. meningitidis: 59% with low sensibility to penicillin; S. pneumonia: 66% with low sensibility to penicillin; H. influenza: 80% positive to β-lactamase. Conclusions. More frequency of N. meningitidis as etiologic agent (74,8%), being serotype B the major group (58.9%). 59% with low susceptibility to penicillin. Second place for S. pneumonia (13%) with 66% of low susceptibility to penicillin. Third place for H. influenczae (5%), with a significative decrease associated to vaccination, all of them detected in 1996 with 80% of β-lactamase positive (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Meningites Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
19.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 58(2): 115-20, 2003 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12628141

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of pre- and postnatal tobacco exposure in the development of bronchiolitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was given to the parents of children hospitalized between August 2001 and August 2002. It included items on parental smoking habits and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Clinical, analytical and radiological criteria were used to diagnose bronchiolitis. RESULTS: Of 450 children, 123 (27.3 %) were diagnosed with bronchiolitis. The control group was composed of 327 children. A total of 61.6 % of the children had at least one parent who smoked and 32.9 % of these children developed bronchiolitis; 39.1 % had non-smoking parents and 18.2 % were hospitalized with bronchiolitis (OR 2.20 [1.39-3.47]). Of the entire group of children studied, 35.3 % had mothers who smoked and 37.7 % of these children had bronchiolitis compared with 21.4 % of children whose mothers were non-smokers (OR 2.22 [1.45-3.39]). A total of 49.6 % had fathers who smoked, and 32.3 % of these children were diagnosed with bronchiolitis compared with 22 % of children whose fathers were non-smokers (OR 1.65 [1.10-2.57]). Forty-four percent of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were hospitalized with bronchiolitis compared with only 20.9 % of non-exposed children (OR 2.96 [1.90-4.62]). The large number of mothers who smoked during pregnancy (27.8 %) was notable. Multivariant analysis with logistic regression was performed and the only variable that remained statistically significant was smoking during pregnancy (p < 0.00001; OR 3.27 [1.39-7.71]). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy seems to be the main risk factor for the subsequent development of bronchiolitis


Assuntos
Bronquiolite/etiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pais , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 58(2): 115-120, feb. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-17329

RESUMO

Objetivos: Determinar la influencia de la exposición prenatal y posnatal a tabaco en el posterior desarrollo de bronquiolitis. Pacientes y métodos Se realizó una encuesta a los padres de los lactantes ingresados entre agosto de 2001 y agosto de 2002, acerca del hábito tabáquico de ambos progenitores y el hábito tabáquico materno durante la gestación. Para el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis se utilizaron criterios clínicos, analíticos y radiológicos. Resultados: De los 450 lactantes ingresados durante ese período, 123 (27,3 per cent) fueron diagnosticados de bronquiolitis, y 327 constituyeron el grupo control. El 61,6 per cent tenía al menos un progenitor fumador, de los cuales el 32,9 per cent desarrolló bronquiolitis; el 39,1 per cent no tenía ningún progenitor fumador, y desarrolló bronquiolitis el 18,2 per cent de ellos (odds ratio [OR] 2,20 [1,39-3,47]). El 35,3 per cent del total de niños estudiados tenían madre fumadora, de los que el 37,7 per cent fueron casos frente al 21,4 per cent de bronquiolitis en los hijos de no fumadoras (OR 2,22 [1,45-3,39]). El 49,6 per cent eran hijos de padre fumador, con un porcentaje de bronquiolitis del 32,3 per cent frente al 22 per cent de los lactantes hijos de padre no fumador (OR 1,65 [1,10-2,57]). El 44 per cent de los hijos de madre fumadora durante la gestación ingresó por bronquiolitis frente a sólo el 20,9 per cent de los no expuestos prenatalmente (OR 2,96 [1,90-4,62]). Destaca el elevado índice de mujeres fumadoras durante el embarazo (27,8 per cent). Tras la realización del estudio multivariante con regresión logística, sólo el tabaquismo durante la gestación mantuvo la significación estadística (p < 0,00001; OR 3,27 [1,39-7,71]).Conclusiones El hábito tabáquico materno durante la gestación parece ser el principal factor de riesgo para el posterior desarrollo de bronquiolitis en el lactante (AU)


Assuntos
Gravidez , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Pais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bronquiolite
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