INTERACCIÓN ENTRE DOS ÁCAROS DEPREDADORES DE Tetranychus urticae KOCH (ACARIFORMES: TETRANYCHIDAE) EN LABORATORIO / Interaction Between Two Predator Mites of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) in Laboratory

Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) es una de las principales plagas de cultivos ornamentales, entre las especies más utilizadas para su control se encuentran Neoseiulus californicus y Phytoseiulus persimilis (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae). En el presente trabajo se propone el manejo de la plaga mediante el empleo de liberaciones simultáneas de los dos fitoseidos. Se evaluaron varias situaciones, por un lado se estudiaron las interacciones cuando un depredador se encuentra en una densidad baja mientras que el otro depredador se presenta en alta densidad (esta situación se analizó tanto en presencia como en ausencia de la presa). Por otro lado, se evaluaron las interacciones cuando los P. persimilis y N. californicus dos están presentes en igual densidad y en presencia de T. urticae. Cuando uno de los depredadores está en mayor densidad y hay presencia de la presa, se observa que al incrementar la edad del depredador que tiene menor densidad, aumenta también la interferencia en el consumo de presas por parte de los depredadores que están en mayor densidad. Además cuando disminuye el consumo de T. urticae se incrementa el consumo intraguilda. Phytoseiulus persimilis en ausencia de T. urticae y en presencia de N. californicus adopta un comportamiento de depredación intraguilda sobre todos los estados de desarrollo de su conespecifico, mientras que N. californicus únicamente consume larvas de conespecíficos en ausencia del fitófago y en presencia de P. persimilis. Cuando se encontraban los dos depredadores en el mismo montaje y la misma densidad de población, no se observó un mayor consumo de T. urticae que cuando cada depredador es empleado por separado.

Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of ornamental crops. A species of predatory mite used for its control is Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). This research proposes the use of joint releases of the two cited predators for the control of the pest. Several situations leading to interaction were evaluated: High density of one predator and low density of the other one, being the prey present or absent. The scenario with predators in equal densities and in presence of the prey was also evaluated. When a predator is in higher density and the prey present, the predator with the lower density increases the interference with the comsumption of preys by the predator with higher density. On the other hand, when the comsumption of T. urticae reduces, intraguild predation increases. P. persimilis shows intraguild predation behaviour when T. urticae is absent and N. californicus is present, consuming all developmental stages of its conspecific. Instead, N. californicus only feed on conspecific larvae, when the fitofagous was absent and P. persimilis was present. When the two predators were present in the same assemblage and with the same population density, the quantity of T. urticae consumed by both of them was not higher than the consumed one when each predator was present in separate way.

CRITERIOS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE Phytoseiulus persimilis (PARASITIFORMES: PHYTOSEIIDAE) BAJO CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO / Criteria or the production of phytoseiuls persimilis (parasitiformes: pphytoseiidae) under greenhouse conditinns

El ácaro depredador Phytoseiulus persimilis ha sido usado con éxito para el control del ácaro fitófago Tetranychus urticae, el cual constituye una de las plagas mas importantes en los cultivos de rosa de la Sabana de Bogotá. En Colombia esta estrategia de control se ha visto limitada por la falta de disponibilidad de los depredadores en el comercio del producto. En el presente trabajo se proponen criterios para estandarizar las bases para la producción de P. persimilis en plantas de frijol infestadas con poblaciones de T. urticae de diferentes tiempos de desarrollo, utilizando una proporción constante de depredadores liberados. Se encontró que plantas infestadas con poblaciones de T. urticae por más de tres semanas permiten obtener mayores incrementos de población de los depredadores y que aproximadamente a los 25 días después de realizada la liberación, de los depredadores en las plantas infestadas, se obtienen los mayores poblaciones del depredador en estado de ninfa y adulto para cosechar y usar como estrategia de control en los cultivos.

The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis has been used successfully to control the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae in rose crops, in what is one of the most important pests. In Colombia , this control strategy has been limited by the lack of predators in the trade of the product. Here was proposed to standardize the basis for the production of P. persimilis on bean plants infested with populations of T. urticae of different development times, using a constant proportion of predators released. We found that populations of plants infested with T. urticae for more than three weeks resulted in higher population increase of predators and at approximately 25 days after the release of predators on plants infested, you get the largest predator populations in a state of nymph and adult to harvest and use as a strategy control in crops.

A locus for spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome at chromosome 3p14.

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by vertebral fusions, frequently manifesting as an unsegmented vertebral bar, as well as fusions of the carpal and tarsal bones. In a study of three consanguineous families and one non-consanguineous family, linkage analysis was used to establish the chromosomal location of the disease gene. Linkage analysis localised the disease gene to chromosome 3p14. A maximum lod score of 6.49 (q = 0) was obtained for the marker at locus D3S3532 on chromosome 3p. Recombination mapping narrowed the linked region to the 5.7 cM genetic interval between the markers at loci D3S3724 and D3S1300. A common region of homozygosity was found between the markers at loci D3S3724 and D3S1300, defining a physical interval of approximately 4 million base pairs likely to contain the disease gene. Identification of the gene responsible for this disorder will provide insight into the genes that play a role in the formation of the vertebral column and joints.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before definitive treatment for stage III carcinoma of the breast.

One hundred women with American Joint Committee (AJC) stage III (T2, N2; T3, N0/1/2; T4, N0/1/2) carcinoma of the breast were treated with combination chemotherapy following biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and determine hormone receptor status before any other treatment of the local disease (so-called neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Response was assessed after three cycles of treatment, and responders were treated until the tumor and/or axillary nodes failed to show further regression. Definitive surgery was then performed, usually radical mastectomy. Chemotherapy was resumed following surgery for a total of 12 cycles. Ninety patients are assessable, and 70% have responded to chemotherapy. Outcomes of both responders and nonresponders were analyzed. Radical mastectomy without postoperative radiotherapy seems to be the preferable surgical treatment for the responders. Median follow-up of the assessable patients was 27 months; projected five-year disease-free survival of the responders is greater than 65%, and projected overall five-year survival of this group is greater than 85%. Because the follow-up of these patients suggests a marked improvement in outcome compared with similar patients treated traditionally with mastectomy or radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, we advocate more widespread use of combination chemotherapy before definitive treatment for stage III carcinomas of the breast.