Copaiba Oil-Based Emulsion as a Natural Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Bovine Mastitis: In Vivo Studies.

Copaiba oil-resin (COR) extracted from Copaifera reticulata Ducke has been used as a natural chemotherapeutic agent for a wide range of therapeutic applications. This study presents an emulgel design with a high concentration of COR, designed to prevent and treat mastitis. The COR was stabilized in a gel matrix constituted by carbopol C934P and Pluronic® F127 (ECO formulation) ratios. The permeation study of ECO was accessed by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). The results reveal a high capacity of ECO to permeate deep skin layers. Dairy cows with a history of mastitis were used as in vivo models and exposed to ECO treatment. Monitoring of the teat's inflammatory response showed that ECO effectively prevents mastitis. Furthermore, the ECO formulation was able to form a thin film gel on the application side, preventing fly proliferation and significantly reducing the pathogen load. This study reveals a drug that can used as an alternative application for mastitis in human or veterinary clinics.

Effect of ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation on spores and biofilms of Alicyclobacillus spp. in industrialized orange juice.

Bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus pose serious quality problems for the juice processing industries that have sought effective alternatives for its control. The present study evaluated the effect of UV-C radiation on the reduction of spores and biofilm formation of Alicyclobacillus spp. on stainless steel and rubber surfaces using industrialized orange juice as a culture medium. Four reference Alicyclobacillus spp. species and different UV-C dosages were investigated. After exposed for 20 min (16.8 kJ/m2) to UV-C, the spores of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Alicyclobacillus herbarius, and Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus decreased drastically more of 4 log CFU/mL, with counts below the detection limit of the method (<1.7 log CFU/mL), while the Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius spores were more sensitive to UV-C, once this spore reduction was observed within 15 min (12.6 kJ/m2). Morphological changes in the Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores were observed by scanning electron microscopy. A reduction of biofilm formation was observed for all UV-C treatments, and the higher reductions (approximately 2 log CFU/mL) were found for the Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius species after 30 min (26.2 kJ/m2), on the stainless steel and rubber surfaces. The results suggest that UV-C can be used to reduce the biofilm formation and could be a promising alternative for controlling Alicyclobacillus spp. spores in industrialized orange juice.

Quantitative assessment of radiation force effect at the dielectric air-liquid interface.

We induce nanometer-scale surface deformation by exploiting momentum conservation of the interaction between laser light and dielectric liquids. The effect of radiation force at the air-liquid interface is quantitatively assessed for fluids with different density, viscosity and surface tension. The imparted pressure on the liquids by continuous or pulsed laser light excitation is fully described by the Helmholtz electromagnetic force density.

Application of Photoreactive Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) Beam Fanning to the Photothermal Mirror Technique: An Experimental Analysis.

An adaptive spatial filter is used as an optical novelty filter to detect photothermal mirror (PM) signals in high absorbing materials using continuous wave laser excitation. The optical novelty filter uses an optical beam-fanning limiter based on single domain barium titanate (BaTiO3), cut and poled 45° relative to the c-axis. The optical novelty filter approach relaxes the requirement for high sample surface smoothness because the effect aperture adapts to the surface, reducing the stationary background from the optical signal and provides a means of developing the photothermal mirror signal. Time-dependent probe laser phase shifts due to photothermal surface deformation pass through the optical novelty filter and are detected as an intensity increase over the stationary or "mundane" signal. Experimental studies are performed using four well-characterized metals using both the conventional photothermal mirror and optical novelty filter apparatuses in order to understand the complicated signal behavior. Signal behavior is analyzed in different excitation intervals using pseudo-chopped sample excitation with different duty cycles. Optical novelty filter signals show fast response for changes in the spatial beam profile followed by long relaxation time. Reasons for the optical novelty filter response are described.