Human papillomavirus-16 is integrated in lung carcinomas: a study in Chile.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected in 20 (29%) out of 69 lung carcinomas (LCs) in Chile, by PCR and Southern blot, and was more frequently detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) than in adenocarcinomas (46 vs 9%, P=0.001). HPV-16, positive in 11 cases, was the most frequently detected HPV genotype determined by DNA sequencing. HPV-16 E2/E6 ratio, estimated from real-time PCR analysis, was much lower than the unity, suggesting that at least a partial HPV-16 genome was integrated in all but one HPV-16-positive SQCs. The remaining one case was suspected to have only episomal HPV-16. Although the viral load was low in most of the LCs, a case showed the HPV-16 copy number as high as 8479 per nanogram DNA, which was even a few times higher than the minimum viral load of seven cervical carcinomas (observed viral load: 3356-609 392 per nanogram DNA). The expression of the HPV-16/18 E6 protein was found in only two HPV-16-positive SQCs (13%) but not in the case with the highest viral load. Although the viral load was in general very low and HPV E6 expression is none or weak, further studies seem warranted to examine aetiological involvement of high-risk HPV in lung carcinogenesis.

[Hematological serological valves, and organ weight in adult Sprague-Dawley rats]. / Valores hematológicos, serológicos y peso de órganos en la rata Sprague-Dawley adulta.

Sprague-Dawley rats are frequently used in experiments and their normal hematological, serologic and anatomical parameters are not easily available. The aim of this study was to measure these parameters in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats (12 males) whose weight ranged between 200 and 300 g, raised at the Instituto de Salud Pública in controlled environmental conditions and fed with pellets were studied. After a 24 h fast, animals were anesthetized with Droperidol and Ketamine, and after obtaining a cardiac blood sample, sacrificed by exsanguination. Most organs were withdrawn and weighed. Mean values for blood glucose, calcium, amylase, total proteins, cholesterol, AST, ALT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatases, electrolytes and complete blood count were determined. Heart, lung, pancreas, kidney and testicle mean weight was also calculated. Male and female rats had significant differences in packed red cell volume, white blood cell count and hemoglobin.

[Phyllodes tumor: diagnosis and treatment]. / Tumor Filodes: diagnóstico y tratamiento.

We reviewed 1.178 benign tumors treated between 1981/93 among which 39 appeared with a Phylodes Tumors diagnosis, disregarding 5 of them because they did not have a precise description and histologic classification, studying 34 proved cases which represented 2.89% of all benign tumors; if we add 89% cancers in these years, we have 2.074 and the relation becomes 1.64% of the total. We found 22 benign phylodes (64.7%) 7 border line (20.5%) and 5 malignant (14.8%) whose clinic, histologic and evolutive characteristics are presented in this paper.

[Acute fulminating hepatitis non-A non-B in pregnancy: a clinical case of probable sporadic hepatitis caused by E virus]. / Hepatitis aguda fulminante no A no B en el embarazo: un caso clínico de probable hepatitis esporádica producida por virus E.

The extreme severity of hepatitis E in the pregnant patient results a high maternal and fetal mortality in fulminating acute hepatitis. We present a clinical case of a 19 years old primigesta, 29 weeks pregnant, diagnosted as suffering from Acute Fulminating Hepatitis non A non B, probably E. The fetus died and liver transplant was contemplated for the patient due to the severity of disease. Liver transplant could not be carried out for lack of a suitable donor. The patient died 16 days after admission. The pathology report showed massive hepatic necrosis and terminal shock.

The effects of imidazole on pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin.

Bleomycin may produce diffuse pulmonary damage. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of imidazole, a thromboxane-synthetase inhibitor, on pulmonary damage induced by endotracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats. Bleomycin 1 U/100 g body weight produced diffuse pulmonary damage and increased number of inflammatory cells after 3 days, hemorrhage and focal fibrosis after 7 days, and diffuse fibrosis and pneumocyte hyperplasia after 14 to 30 days. Imidazole 5 mg/100 g body weight, given intraperitoneally 30 min before bleomycin, decreased the 3rd day lesions without altering the histopathology in subsequent periods. Imidazole reduced (p < 0.05) the increases in cell number (3rd and 14th days) as well as in proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (3rd day), without modifying the increase in phospholipids observed in rats treated with bleomycin. We conclude that imidazole decreases initial bleomycin-induced pulmonary damage, but it does not interfere with fibrosis and late development of epithelial hyperplasia.

The effects of imidazole on pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin

Bleomycin may produce diffuse pulmonary damage. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of imidazole, a thromboxane-synthetase inhibitor, on pulmonary damage induced by endotracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats. Bleomycin 1 U/100 g body weight produced diffuse pulmonary damage and increased number of inflammatory cells after 3 days, hemorrhage and focal fibrosis after 7 days, and diffuse fibrosis and pneumocyte hyperplasia after 14 to 30 days. Imidazole 5 mg/100 g body weight, given intraperitoneally 30 min before bleomycin, decreased the 3rd day lesions without altering the histopathology in subsequent periods. Imidazole reduced (p < 0.05) the increases in cell number (3rd and 14th days) as well as in proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (3rd day), without modifying the increase in phospholipids observed in rats treated with bleomycin. We conclude that imidazole decreases initial bleomycin-induced pulmonary damage, but it does not interfere with fibrosis and late development of epithelial hyperplasia

La descompresión biliar precoz altera favorablemente el curso de la pancreatitis aguda experimental / Early biliary decompresion change succesfully the course of experimental acute pancreatitis

A 20 ratas Sprague-Dawley se les indujo pancreatitis aguda con el modelo del asa duodenal cerrada, previamente estandarizado. Precozmente, pero una vez establecida la pancreatitis aguda, se efectuó descompresión del árbol biliar. A las 24 h se obtuvieron muestras para estudios serológicos, hematológicos y anatomopatológico. Los resultados revelaron un curso más benigno de esta enfermedad en relación al modelo sin descompresión

[Fetal death, 1-year prospective analysis]. / Muerte fetal análisis prospectivo de un año.

Fetal death (FD) over 22 weeks are analyzed during a one year period in a service with approximately 12,000 deliveries per year. 118 FD were found and the study was completed in 97 pregnancies (100 FD). A control group was included. The pathologies more related with FD were the premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis and premature delivery. Followed by the funicular pathology, abruptio placentae, preeclampsia and intrahepatic cholestasia. Mother's educational level and prenatal care were clearly better in the control group. The majority of the FD occurred out of the hospital (70%). The anatomopathological study was performed in few cases (34%). We concluded that an important number of FD are preventable with an accurate prenatal care and that a complete and modern anatomopathological study including the placenta will decrease the high number (26%) of FD that remaining without diagnoses.

[Carcinoma in situ and human papillomavirus infection]. / Carcinoma in situ e infección por virus papiloma humano.

The paperwork objective is to analyze if the HPV infections are associated to Ca in situ (CIS). The cytologic, colposcopic and histologic examinations of women affected by CIS were revised. It was determined that a group of them were also infected by HPV. On them, it was determined the viral genotype by nucleic acids hybridization. The Toki score was also utilized.

[Diagnostic evaluation of cervix uteri infections associated with infection caused by human papilloma virus]. / Evaluación diagnóstica de infecciones de cuello uterino asociadas a infección por virus papiloma humano.

The objective of this study, is to demonstrate the presence of human virus papilloma proteins (HPV) in cervix biopsies, diagnosed histologically as virus infected. In 52.9% of the cases (20 biopsies) the relation between HPV and histological study was found.