Erratum: Ubiquitous Non-Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks in Nanowire Devices [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 107703 (2019)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.107703.

Ubiquitous Non-Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks in Nanowire Devices.

We perform tunneling measurements on indium antimonide nanowire-superconductor hybrid devices fabricated for the studies of Majorana bound states. At finite magnetic field, resonances that strongly resemble Majorana bound states, including zero-bias pinning, become common to the point of ubiquity. Since Majorana bound states are predicted in only a limited parameter range in nanowire devices, we seek an alternative explanation for the observed zero-bias peaks. With the help of a self-consistent Poission-Schrödinger multiband model developed in parallel, we identify several families of trivial subgap states that overlap and interact, giving rise to a crowded spectrum near zero energy and zero-bias conductance peaks in experiments. These findings advance the search for Majorana bound states through improved understanding of broader phenomena found in superconductor-semiconductor systems.

Mirage Andreev Spectra Generated by Mesoscopic Leads in Nanowire Quantum Dots.

We study transport mediated by Andreev bound states formed in InSb nanowire quantum dots. Two kinds of superconducting source and drain contacts are used: epitaxial Al/InSb devices exhibit a doubling of tunneling resonances, while, in NbTiN/InSb devices, Andreev spectra of the dot appear to be replicated multiple times at increasing source-drain bias voltages. In both devices, a mirage of a crowded spectrum is created. To describe the observations a model is developed that combines the effects of a soft induced gap and of additional Andreev bound states both in the quantum dot and in the finite regions of the nanowire adjacent to the quantum dot. Understanding of Andreev spectroscopy is important for the correct interpretation of Majorana experiments done on the same structures.

Conductance through a helical state in an Indium antimonide nanowire.

The motion of an electron and its spin are generally not coupled. However in a one-dimensional material with strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) a helical state may emerge at finite magnetic fields, where electrons of opposite spin will have opposite momentum. The existence of this helical state has applications for spin filtering and cooper pair splitter devices and is an essential ingredient for realizing topologically protected quantum computing using Majorana zero modes. Here, we report measurements of a quantum point contact in an indium antimonide nanowire. At magnetic fields exceeding 3 T, the 2 e 2/h conductance plateau shows a re-entrant feature toward 1 e 2/h which increases linearly in width with magnetic field. Rotating the magnetic field clearly attributes this experimental signature to SOI and by comparing our observations with a numerical model we extract a spin-orbit energy of approximately 6.5 meV, which is stronger than the spin-orbit energy obtained by other methods.Indium antimonide nanowires have large spin-orbit coupling, which can give rise to helical states that are an important part of proposals for topological quantum computing. Here the authors measure conductance through the helical states and extract a larger spin-orbit energy than obtained before.

Atom-by-Atom Analysis of Semiconductor Nanowires with Parts Per Million Sensitivity.

The functionality of semiconductor devices is determined by the incorporation of dopants at concentrations down to the parts per million (ppm) level and below. Optimization of intentional and unintentional impurity doping relies on methods to detect and map the level of impurities. Detecting such low concentrations of impurities in nanostructures is however challenging to date as on the one hand methods used for macroscopic samples cannot be applied due to the inherent small volumes or faceted surfaces and on the other hand conventional microscopic analysis techniques are not sufficiently sensitive. Here, we show that we can detect and map impurities at the ppm level in semiconductor nanowires using atom probe tomography. We develop a method applicable to a wide variety of nanowires relevant for electronic and optical devices. We expect that it will contribute significantly to the further optimization of the synthesis of nanowires, nanostructures and devices based on these structures.

"Warning card" as a prevention of prolonged apnea in children.

Human butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) (BChE) is present in serum mainly as "usual UU" form, but it has also been found in variant forms known as "atypical" BChE. The most important predictive value of BChE phenotype is for anesthetist to prevent prolonged apnea. BChE has an important role in the hydrolysis of neuromuscular relaxant succinylcholine (suxamethonium, scoline) used during anesthesia. In order to detect atypical variants of BChE and give these findings to the anesthetists-surgeons before an operation to avoid the prolonged apnea, we phenotyped 542 sera of children before tonsillectomies. Total BChE activity was measured using butyrylthiocholine as substrate and dibucaine, fluoride, urea and dimethylcarbamate Ro 02-0683 were used as inhibitors. The frequencies of phenotypes in 542 children were: UU, UA, US, SS, AS and AA--92.25%, 7.01%, 0.18%, 0.18%, 0.18%, 0.18% respectively. Once established phenotype of BChE does not change during the lifetime. Therefore the carriers of atypical phenotype of BChE received a "Warning card", which is a permanent warning for succinylcholine application, as well as a sign to the members of the families to test their own phenotype of BChE. In our study three "Warning cards" were given: two to the carriers of atypical phenotype and third to a child presented as SS phenotype with low total activity of BChE. The present study is the first clinical evaluation of this genetic abnormality in the Republic of Croatia.

Legionnaires' disease in residents of England and Wales: 1998.

Two hundred and twenty-six cases of legionnaires' disease who acquired infection in 1998 have been reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Twenty-five cases (11%) were reported to have died. One hundred and fifteen cases were associated with travel, either abroad or in the United Kingdom, three cases acquired infection in hospital, and the remaining 108 were presumed to have acquired infection in the community. Thirty-five cases were linked to industrial or community associated outbreaks in England and Wales, 22 cases to outbreaks or clusters abroad, and the remaining 169 cases (75%) were reported as single cases. The proportion of cases diagnosed by detection of urinary antigen has continued to increase; in 1998 it contributed to the diagnosis of 117 cases.

Legionnaires' disease in residents of England and Wales: 1997.

Two hundred and twenty-six residents of England and Wales who developed legionnaires' disease with onset of infection in 1997 were reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Twenty-eight cases (12%) were reported to have died. Half of the reported cases (114) were associated with travel, either abroad or in the United Kingdom. Six cases acquired infection in hospital and the remaining 106 were presumed to have acquired infection in the community. Nineteen cases were linked to industrial or community associated outbreaks or clusters in England, two cases to a hospital outbreak, and 25 cases to outbreaks or clusters abroad. The remaining 180 cases (80%) were reported as single cases. The proportion of cases diagnosed by detection of urinary antigen has continued to increase. In 1997 this method of diagnosis was included for 60% of confirmed cases and in 46% of all cases.

Legionnaires' disease in residents of England and Wales: 1996.

Two hundred and one cases of legionnaires' disease were reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in 1996. Twenty-four cases (12%) were known to have died. One hundred and one cases were associated with travel, either abroad or in the United Kingdom. Two cases acquired infection in hospital, the smallest number ever reported, and the remaining 98 were presumed to have acquired infection in the community. Fifty-five (27%) of the 201 cases were linked to outbreaks or clusters and the remaining 146 (73%) were reported as single cases. Six outbreaks were associated with industrial premises. Twenty-two of the travel associated cases were part of three travel outbreaks and six clusters. The proportion of cases diagnosed by detection of urinary antigen has continued to increase and in 1996 this method of diagnosis was used for 43% of the cases.

[Hemostasis and treatment of stress hemorrhage in the upper gastrointestinal tract of trauma patients]. / Blutstillung und Behandlung von Stressblutungen im oberen gastrointestinalen Trakt bei Verwundeten.

Despite the use of H2-receptor antagonists for the prevention of stress lesions, 32 (9%) of the 354 wounded treated at the surgical intensive care units presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 28 (87.5%) patients underwent endoscopic examination. The types of hemorrhage (capillary, venous and arterial bleeding) and the efficacy of hemostasis were analyzed. The bleeding ceased spontaneously in 17 (53.1%) patients, and 3 (9.4%) died in spite of all the endoscopic and surgical procedures undertaken.