Reconstrução do braço com retalho miocutâneo do músculo grande dorsal após ressecção de sarcomas: relato de dois casos e descrição da técnica cirúrgica / Arm reconstruction with myocutaneous flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle after resection of sarcomas: report of two cases and description of the surgical technique

Os sarcomas de partes moles são neoplasias malignas raras originadas do mesênquima, mais comumente encontradas em membros. A ressecção cirúrgica com margens livres acima de 1cm é fundamental para obter a cura do paciente. A radioterapia pode ser combinada ao tratamento em casos selecionados. A reconstrução dos membros superiores após ressecções alargadas é um desafio. O retalho miocutâneo do músculo grande dorsal (RMGD) é uma opção em casos de lesões em membros superiores, sobretudo terço proximal e médio do braço, com preservação da função do membro e fechamento primário da área de ressecção. Relatamos dois casos de ressecção e reconstrução do braço utilizando RMGD com foco na descrição da técnica cirúrgica.

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant neoplasms arising from the mesenchyme, most commonly found in the limbs. Surgical resection with free margins greater than 1 cm is essential to obtain a cure for the patient. Radiation therapy can be combined with treatment in selected cases. Reconstruction of the upper limbs after extended resections is a challenge. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LDMF) is an option in injuries to the upper limbs, especially the proximal and middle thirds of the arm, with preservation of limb function and primary closure of the resection area. We report two cases of arm resection and reconstruction using LDMF, focusing on the surgical technique description.

Coxsackie B3 Virus-induced Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a cutaneous leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis of unknown incidence. It affects mostly infants aged 4 to 24 months. The distinctive features of AHEI include a generally healthy-appearing child with low-grade or absent fever and rarely painful targetoid purpuric edematous lesions. The disease usually resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks without late sequelae. The main differential diagnosis of AHEI is Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Initially, purpura fulminans should also be ruled out. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with low fever and rapidly progressive skin lesions who had been admitted to the pediatric clinic. The child presented with palpable annular targetoid and purpuric plaques of different size predominantly affecting the face and extremities. In addition, there was a painful, hemorrhagic edema on the dorsum of her hands and feet. Based on the course of the disease and the typical clinical presentation, i.e., extensive characteristic skin lesions in a young child in a good general health condition, a diagnosis of AHEI was established. A virus serology test showed increased titers of enterovirus and coxsackievirus. Isolation of virus from feces confirmed an infection with coxsackie B3 virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report linking coxsackie B3 virus infection to AHEI.

Implementing the Clean Clinic Approach Improves Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Quality in Health Facilities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala.

BACKGROUND: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services are cornerstones to providing safe health care services and improving patient satisfaction and care seeking. The Clean Clinic Approach (CCA) uses a 10-step process to support health care facilities (HCFs) in making incremental, effective cleanliness and infection prevention and control (IPC) improvements, without relying on external investments. We piloted the CCA in Guatemala and assessed the extent to which it contributed to quality improvements in WASH for IPC. METHODS: After developing an assessment tool tailored to the Guatemalan context, we assessed 11 HCFs in 8 technical areas and scored the facilities on 79 criteria with a total of 100 points. We conducted a baseline assessment (September to October 2018), second assessment (January 2019), and final assessment (February to March 2019). RESULTS: The 11 HCFs improved their average emergency/general ward scores from 41 points at baseline to 87 points at end line, based on a 100-point scale. For delivery wards, the scores increased from 50 to 91 points and for postnatal wards from 46 to 90 points. CONCLUSIONS: The CCA process and tools facilitated a systematic way for HCFs to identify, prioritize, make, and measure WASH quality of care improvements. Training facility staff was fundamental to improving quality standards, and involving medical and administration staff in joint analysis, coordination, and planning sessions was key to integration and teamwork. Further work is needed to increase involvement of local government and community members and to further adapt the process and tools.

De novo mutation of emopamil binding protein (EBP) gene in a girl with Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome.

Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant syndrome affecting the skin, skeletal system, and eyes. Here, we report on a female patient with a de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.301C>T (p.Trp101Arg) of the EMP (emopamil binding protein) gene.

Encuentros con la diferencia: la pluralidad en las experiencias de jóvenes universitarios / Encounters with the difference: the plurality in the experiences of university students

Resumen Este artículo se desprende de la tesis "Relaciones sociales en la universidad: poder, conflicto y pluralidad entre jóvenes", presentada por la autora, Ana María Arias Cardona, como requisito para optar al título de Doctora en Ciencias Sociales: Niñez y Juventud, en el Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Niñez y Juventud de la Universidad De Manizales-CINDE, la cual se centra en universitarios y analiza formas simbólicas de exclusión. Se enfoca en la categoría "pluralidad", cuyo objetivo es comprender cómo configuran los jóvenes su encuentro con la diferencia, cómo afrontan la diversidad en sus relaciones. El diseño es cualitativo, el método hermenéutico y las técnicas empleadas talleres y entrevistas. Participaron 119 jóvenes de dos universidades públicas y dos privadas de Antioquia (Colombia). Los resultados se agrupan en tres subcategorías: "Todos somos 'el otro' del otro: la diferencia como déficit"; "Preferir no es excluir: ¿optar por unos sin vulnerar a otros?"; y "Procesos de inclusión que evidencian movilizaciones solidarias". Esto permite concluir que la diversidad se lee como algo negativo, y que es difuso el límite respecto a la discriminación, pues dichos actos se han "naturalizado".

Abstract This article summarizes the highlights of a thesis that analyses the symbolic ways of exclusion among university students. It focuses on the "plurality" category which objective was to understand how young frame their encounter with difference, how they confront diversity in their relationships. The design was qualitative, the hermeneutical method was used along with workshops and interviews techniques. 119 young people participated, from two public university and two private university in Antioquia (Colombia). The results are grouped into three subcategories: "We are all 'the other of the other: difference as deficit"; "To prefer is not to exclude: How to opt for certain ones without harming others?" and inclusion processes that show solidary mobilizations: which allows to conclude that diversity is read as something negative, that the limit regarding discrimination is diffuse and such, since those acts have been "naturalized".

Socialización de jóvenes a través de las TIC en una institución educativa de Antioquia / Socialization of Young People Through ICT in an Educational Institution of Antioquia / Socialização de jovens a través das TIC em uma Instituição Educativa de Antioquia

Resumen Objetivo. Comprender los procesos de socialización, a través de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC), de jóvenes de los grados 10 y 11 del Colegio Divino Salvador (municipio de La Estrella, Antioquia, Colombia). Método. Investigación adelantada desde una perspectiva cualitativa y un enfoque hermenéutico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 jóvenes estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 19 años. Resultados. A partir de un análisis categorial emergieron dos aspectos principales: (a) las TIC son un escenario que los jóvenes utilizan para comunicarse con otros, obtener reconocimiento, construir su identidad y sentirse partícipes de un grupo, principalmente el de sus pares; y (b) los jóvenes construyen una serie de valoraciones y prácticas con respecto a las TIC que les permiten moverse y protegerse en este nuevo espacio de socialización. Conclusión. Se encontró que las TIC son un nuevo escenario de socialización, formación y aprendizaje con gran poder en la constitución de las subjetividades juveniles, lo que constituye un reto para las familias y los sistemas educativos y políticos, los cuales se ven obligados a pensar y adelantar acciones que amplíen las posibilidades de acceso de los jóvenes a las TIC, cuyo fin sea promover que sus experiencias por medio de estas tecnologías sean enriquecedoras.

Abstract Objective. Understand the processes of socialization, through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), of a group of young people between the 10th and 11th grades from the Divino Salvador school (municipality of La Estrella, Antioquia). Method. An advanced research from a qualitative perspective and a hermeneutical approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 young students between 15 and 19 years old. Results. Two main aspects emerged from the categorical analysis: ICT is a scenario that young people use to communicate with others, gain recognition, build their identity and feel part of a group, mainly that of their peers. In addition, the participants built a series of values and practices regarding ICT that allow them to move and protect themselves in this new space of socialization. Conclusion. ICT is a new scenario of socialization, and of training and learning social skills. This new scenario has great power in the constitution of youth subjectivities, which is a challenge for families, educational systems and politicians, who are forced to think and take actions that expand the possibilities of access for young people to ICTs and to promote their experiences with and through these technologies for purposes of enrichment.

Resumo Escopo. Compreender os processos de socialização a través das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), de jovens entre os grados de 2o e 3o de ensino médio da escola do Divino Salvador (município da Estrela, Antioquia, Colômbia). Metodologia. Pesquisa adiantada desde uma perspectiva qualitativa e um enfoque hermenêutico. Foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 10 jovens estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 19 anos. Resultados. A partir de uma análise categorial emergiram dois aspetos principais: (a) as TIC são um cenário que os jovens usam para se comunicar com outros, obter reconhecimento, construir sua identidade e se sentir partícipes de um grupo, principalmente o de seus pares; (b) além, eles constroem uma série de valorações e práticas com respeito às TIC que lhes permitem se movimentar e se proteger em este novo espaço de socialização. Conclusão. As TIC som um novo cenário de socialização, formação e aprendizagem com um grande poder na constituição das subjetividades juvenis, o que constitui um reto para as famílias, os sistemas educativos e políticos que estão obrigados a pensar e adiantar ações que ampliem as possibilidades de aceso dos jovens às TIC para promover que suas experiências com e por meio de estas tecnologias sejam enriquecedoras.

Conflicto y educación superior: narrativas y vivencias de jóvenes universitarios estudiantes de ciencias sociales y humanas / Conflict and Higher Education: Narratives and Experiences of Young University Students of Social and Human Sciences

Resumen La investigación se realizó con un enfoque cualitativo, a partir de un método hermenéutico, con 119 estudiantes de cuatro universidades del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Los datos fueron construidos por medio de talleres con técnicas interactivas y de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, con el objetivo de caracterizar las expresiones del conflicto en las relaciones entre jóvenes, particularmente, los sentidos, las causas, las consecuencias que le otorgan y la manera como le hacen frente a sus conflictos. Los hallazgos se centran en: a) la tensión entre la evasión individualista y la movilización por el "entre nos"; b) la polarización entre el "deber ser" y el "real hacer"; c) la tendencia de los estudiantes a homologar conflicto y violencia, y d) el difícil tránsito de la queja a la responsabilidad subjetiva. Estos resultados dan cuenta de movimientos pendulares que se presentan frente a lo complejo del conflicto y sus aristas, y evidencian la naturalización de expresiones violentas, la banalización de mecanismos de exclusión, la precariedad respecto al uso de estrategias positivas para afrontar situaciones problemáticas, la poca congruencia entre lo que se piensa y lo que se hace, y la falta de responsabilidad por parte de muchos jóvenes que catalogan las causas del conflicto como elementos ajenos a ellos. Desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, en el contexto universitario, el conflicto tiene expresiones más sutiles, menos específicas y, además, presentan dificultades para realizar una reflexión positiva sobre éste, pues no lo ven como una oportunidad, sino que suelen derivarlo en situaciones de violencia simbólica.

Abstract This paper is one of the products of a doctoral thesis, which inquired for power, conflict and pluralism in relationships among university students. Its content is specifically focused on presenting the results of a category devoted for "conflict". The research was conducted with a qualitative approach, from a hermeneutical method, with 119 students from four universities in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). The data were taken through workshops with interactive techniques and semi-structured interviews to understand conceptions, meanings, causes and types of coping strategies that students faced in the conflict among them. The findings are mainly focused on: a) the stress between the individualist evasion and the mobilization by the "between us", b) The polarization between the "must be" and the "doing for a real", c) The tendency of students to standardize conflict and violence, and d) the difficult transition from the complaint to the subjective responsibility. The results show pendulum movements arisen from the complexity of the conflict and its edges, and evidence the naturalization of violent expressions, trivialization of exclusion mechanisms, pre-cariousness regarding the use of positive strategies to face problematic situations, the little congruence between what is thought and what is done, and the lack of responsibility on the part of many young people who have defined the causes of the conflict as external elements from them. From students' point of view, in relation to the university context, the conflict has expressions more subtle, less specific and, in addition, it is not easy to make a positive reflection about it, because for them it is not an opportunity, but it is a product of symbolic violence.

CXCL5 Facilitates Melanoma Cell-Neutrophil Interaction and Lymph Node Metastasis.

Chemokines influence tumor metastasis by targeting tumor, stromal, and hematopoietic cells. Characterizing the chemokine mRNA expression profile of human primary melanoma samples, we found CXCL5 significantly up-regulated in stage T4 primary melanomas when compared to thin melanomas (T1 stage). To characterize the role of CXCL5 in melanoma progression, we established a metastasizing murine xenograft model using CXCL5-overexpressing human melanoma cells. CXCL5 had no effect on melanoma proliferation in vitro and on primary tumor growth in vivo, but CXCL5-overexpressing tumors recruited high amounts of neutrophils and exhibited significantly increased lymphangiogenesis in our severe combined immune-deficient mouse model. Recruited neutrophils were found in close proximity to or within lymphatic vessels, often in direct contact with melanoma cells. Clinically, CXCL5-overexpressing melanomas had significantly increased lymph node metastases. We were able to translate these findings to human patient samples and found a positive correlation between CXCL5 expression, numbers of neutrophils in stage T4 primary melanoma, and the occurrence of subsequent locoregional metastasis.

Infección de sitio operatorio en herida abdominal sucia / Operative site infection in dirty abdominal wounds

Introducción. La infección del sitio operatorio (ISO) es la causa más común de infección en pacientes quirúrgicos. La curación en el periodo posquirúrgico parece tener gran impacto en este resultado. Objetivo. Evaluar la disminución de infección posoperatoria superficial o profunda en pacientes con heridas abdominales sucias, al realizar curaciones con apósitos de hidrofibra con plata o apósitos de gasa. Asimismo, evaluar la satisfacción y la presencia de dolor durante las curaciones, identificar eventos adversos y cambios en la estancia hospitalaria. Métodos. Es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado abierto, realizado en pacientes mayores de 18 años operados por alguna urgencia quirúrgica abdominal y con herida clasificada como sucia en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación o la IPS Universitaria entre diciembre de 2016 y enero de 2018. Durante el seguimiento se tomaron datos de consultas al servicio de urgencias y consulta externa, y así, se evaluaron los reingresos, la ISO y la mortalidad. Resultados. De 78 pacientes elegibles, se incluyeron 69 en el análisis final: a 34 se les hizo curación con gasa y, a 35, curación con apósitos de hidrofibra. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el desarrollo de ISO, entre la curación con gasa y aquella con hidrofibra, tampoco en cuanto a la presencia de dolor o la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusión. El uso de apósitos de hidrofibra con plata en las curaciones de heridas sucias abdominales, puede tener beneficios. Sin embargo, en este estudio no se encontró ninguna diferencia al compararla con la gasa

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common cause of infection in surgical patients. Post-surgical wound care treatment seems to have a great impact on this outcome. Objective: To evaluate the decrease of superficial or deep SSI in patients with an abdominal surgical wound managing wound care with silver hydrofiber or gauze. Likewise, to evaluate the satisfaction and presence of pain during care of the wound, and to identify adverse events and changes during the hospital stay. Methods: Open-label randomized clinical trial carried out in patients older than 18 years with an abdominal surgical emergency at Hospital San Vicente Fundación and IPS Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia, and wound classified as dirty between December 2016 and January 2018. Follow-up of the data of the consultations to the emergency service and external consultations, evaluate readmissions, SSI and mortality associated. Results: 78 eligible patients, 69 in the final analysis, 34 had wound care treatment with gauze and 35 with hydrofiber dressing. We did not find statistically significant differences for the development of SSI between the wound care treatment with gauze and with hydrofiber, neither in terms of the presence of pain or in the hospital length of stay. Conclusion: The use of iconic silver hydrofiber in the healing of the dirty abdominal surgical wounds may have benefits, however in this study no difference was found when compared with gauze

Sensibilidad ciudadana: sentidos y prácticas en jóvenes universitarios / Citizen sensitivity: senses and practices among young university students

Resumen Este artículo realza la pregunta por la sensibilidad ciudadana. Con el objetivo de comprender esta cualidad en jóvenes universitarios, se llevó a cabo un diseño mixto de investigación, con un método de estudio de caso y tres técnicas de construcción de datos: cuestionario, grupo focal y fotolenguaje. Se hallaron diferentes resultados, en los que prevalece la voz de los jóvenes en relación con tres categorías: el equilibrio entre deberes y responsabilidades, el respeto a la diferencia y las relaciones de inclusión. Respecto a la primera categoría, los participantes, pese a expresar reflexio nes conscientes sobre la importancia de las normas, respuesta dada por el 58,46 % de ellos, suelen priorizar sus derechos y desdibujar sus responsabilidades. Sobre la segunda y la tercera categoría (el respeto a la diferencia y las relaciones de inclusión), llama la atención el positivo significado que les asignan y la intención de valorarlo, aspectos que refieren el 45,69 % y el 53,85 % de los jóvenes, respectivamente. Asunto que no necesariamente coincide con sus prácticas en el día a día, donde se han naturalizado acciones de discriminación y exclusión.

Abstract This article highlights the questioning for citizen sensitivity. Aiming to understand the citizen sensitivity in university students, a mixed research model was conducted with the Case Study Method and three techniques of data construction: questionnaire, focus group and photo lan guage. Different results were found in which the voice of the young prevails in relation to three categories: the balance between rights and responsibilities, the respect for the difference and inclusive relationships. Referring to the first category, the participants, despite of expressing their conscious reflections about the importance of norms-answer given by 58,46 % of them- tend to prioritize their own rights and distort their responsibilities. As for the second and third category (respect for the difference and inclusive relationships), it is worth noting the positive meaning that the participants assign to it and the intention to cherish It. Such aspects were recognized by 45,69 % and 53,85 % of young people respectively. This matter does not necessarily matches with their day-to-day practices, where discrimination and exclusion practices have been rather interiorized.

Thinking the Method in Research Processes in Subjectivity / Pensar el método en los procesos de investigación en subjetividad

Resumen La presente entrevista se realiza en el contexto de una investigación en curso y da cuenta de tres aspectos centrales que se presentan cuando se realizan procesos de investigación en el ámbito temático de la subjetividad: lo epistemológico, lo metodológico y lo que por tradición se denomina "lo operativo", pero que aquí se nombra como procesos de relación dinámicos propios del método. Se muestran las tensiones que se presentan al interior y entre cada uno de los aspectos referidos, explicitando la perspectiva histórico cultural que el entrevistado ha desarrollado y su propuesta de epistemología cualitativa.

Abstract This interview has been conducted within the context of a current research. It reflects three general common aspects in Subjectivity research processes: the epistemological aspect, the methodological aspect and, what traditionally has been called "operative aspect". In this interview this aspect is called dynamic relation processes inherent to the method. Here the tensions within the mentioned aspects are shown providing evidence the historical and cultural perspective that the interviewee has been developed as well as his qualitative epistemology proposal.

Cualidades físicas del adulto mayor activode la ciudad de Tunja / Physical qualities of elderly assets of Tunja city

Introducción. La actividad física es un determinante de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, razón por la cual, es necesario mantener la funcionalidad y la independencia mediante la potenciación de las cualidades físicas dado que el cuerpo envejece y sufre modificaciones de manera progresiva. Objetivo. Caracterizar las cualidades físicas del adulto mayor activo de la ciudad de Tunja. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra de 237 participantes, obtenida por muestreo probabilístico estratificado por afijación proporcional. Para la medición de las cualidades físicas, se empleó el Senior Fitness Test. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 88,2 % de mujeres y 11,8 % de hombres, con una edad promedio de 68,73 años (desviación estándard, DE=6,65), la mayoría (48,1 %) del estrato socioeconómico 2. El promedio del índice de masa corporal fue de 27,67 kg/m2 (DE=3,94), la flexibilidad del tren inferior y el superior, de 4,2 % y 17,7 % presentaron desempeño excelente. Se reportaron asociaciones signi-ficativas entre el estrato socioeconómico y la fuerza muscular del tren superior (p=0,042) y, además, de la flexibilidad del tren inferior, la agilidad y el equilibrio dinámico, con el sexo (p=0,013 y p=0,042, respectivamente). Conclusiones. Se obtuvo una clasificación buena en fuerza, equilibrio y capacidad aeróbica, y una mala en flexibilidad, lo que se corresponde con lo reportado en la literatura científica que ratifica que con mejores condiciones de vida, se favorecen las prácticas de autocuidado, entre ellas, la realización de actividad física.

Physical activity is a determinative factor in the quality of life of the older adult; therefore it is neces-sary to maintain the functionality and independence through the potentiation of physical qualities, because the body ages and this process undergoes changes gradually. Objective: To characterize the physical qualities of the active older adult in the city of Tunja. Materials and Methods: quantitative, cross-sectional-descriptive study with correlation phase and a sample of 237 participants, proportional allocation of stratified sampling was used. For the measure-ment of the physical qualities the Senior Fitness Test was applied. Results: 88.2% were female, 11.8% male, the mean age was 68.73 years DS 6.65, the predominant socioeconomic stratum was two with 48.1%. The average BMI 27.67 kg / m2 DS 3.94 kg / m2, upper and lower body flexibility: 4.2% and 17.7% of them showed an excellent performance.In the same classification 10.1% in aerobic capacity, as well as, agility and dynamic balance: 6.8%. Significant associations are reported between socioeconomic stratum and muscle strength of upper body (p = 0.042), another association was found between lower body flexibility, agility, and dynamic balance with gender (p = 0.013- p = 0.042) respectively. Conclusions: A good ranking was obtained in strength, balance, and aerobic capacity, while poor in flexibility. This findings are consistent with the scientific literature asserting that better living condi-tions favor self-care practices, including performing physical activity

Investigación narrativa: apuesta metodológica para la construcción social de conocimientos científicos / Narrative Research: Methodological challenge to the social construction of scientific knowledge

Este artículo de revisión de tema es producto de un proceso de investigación previo a la consolidación de una tesis doctoral. Presenta la investigación narrativa como una propuesta metodológica orientada desde los fundamentos epistemológicos de la hermenéutica, con el objetivo de plantear una ruta de construcción social de conocimientos científicos que surge de las propias voces de los participantes. Primero se encuentran algunos elementos de la fundamentación epistemológica que dan cuenta de reflexiones que configuran un enfoque particular asumido frente a los procesos de construcción social de conocimientos científicos. Luego se describe de manera general la ruta metodológica que dinamiza la construcción de datos y el análisis de los mismos. Finalmente, se reflexiona acerca de los retos y los alcances de la investigación narrativa que suponen la adopción de una postura ética y política diferencial.

This reflection article presents narrative inquiry as a methodological proposal aimed from the epistemological foundations of hermeneutics, with the goal to propose a way of social construction of scientific knowledge that emerges from the voices of the participants. First there are some elements of the epistemological foundation that state for reflections that form a particular approach taken towards the processes of social construction of scientific knowledge. Then, it is generally described the methodological way that streamlines the construction of data and the analysis thereof. Finally, it is reflected on the challenges and scope of narrative research involving the adoption of an ethical and differential political stance.

Jóvenes y política: de la participación formal a la movilización informal / Youth and Politics: from formal participation to informal mobilization

Este artículo de revisión de tema está estructurado en dos secciones: en la primera exponemos diversas perspectivas desde las que realizamos el acercamiento teórico al concepto “juventud”, agrupándolas en tres: bio-psicoevolutiva, sociohistórica y cultural- política. En la segunda sintetizamos el estado del arte consolidado a partir de las categorías “jóvenes” y “política”; para ello retomamos investigaciones relacionadas con jóvenes y política formal a través de sus expresiones convencionales (participación, afiliación a partidos, conducta de voto, etc.), y estudios sobre jóvenes y política informal en los que se analizan acciones alternativas (movimientos sociales, acción colectiva, etc.) Finalmente proponemos comprender a los sujetos jóvenes desde la transdisciplinariedad, la diversidad y el contexto, trascendiendo miradas adultocéntricas que los señalan de apáticos y desinteresados...

Activin A is anti-lymphangiogenic in a melanoma mouse model.

Melanoma spreads primarily to the sentinel lymph nodes, and its risk correlates with lymphangiogenesis, which is mainly driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. However, anti-lymphangiogenic factors are poorly characterized. We have shown in a melanoma model that Wnt1 reduces lymphangiogenesis by reducing VEGF-C expression. Screening this model for additional potentially anti-lymphangiogenic factors identified increased activin A expression and reduced expression of the antagonist, follistatin (FST), in Wnt1(+) cells. Activin A is known to reduce blood vessel formation, but the effects on lymphangiogenesis are unknown. Here we show that human primary melanoma expresses significantly higher levels of activin A and lower levels of FST compared with nevi and melanoma metastasis. Using our mouse model with melanoma cells overexpressing Wnt1, FST, Wnt1/FST, or the inhibin ßA subunit (INHBA, resulting in activin A expression), we found both activin A and Wnt1 to reduce lymphangiogenesis. Whereas Wnt1 also reduced metastasis, this was not seen with activin A. In vitro, activin A phosphorylated SMAD2 in both melanoma and lymphatic endothelium but, although it reduced sprouting of lymphatic endothelium, it enhanced the migration of melanoma cells. In conclusion, activin A is an anti-lymphangiogenic factor, but because of its pleiotropic effects on cell mobility it appears not suitable as a pharmacological target.

Psicología política: Conversación a dos voces entre España y Colombia

En la búsqueda de clarificar el objeto de la psicología política, el artículo empieza describiendo sus orígenes y su relación con la psicología social, en esta misma vía se dialoga sobre líneas de investigación como la persuasión y el poder, y se citan autores como Allport, Lewin y Festinger. Posteriormente, se conversa sobre la diferencia entre la política formal y la política cotidiana, entendiendo esta última como la relación al poder, la tramitación del conflicto y el asunto de asumir la diferencia en las relaciones del día a día.

In order to clarify the purpose of political psychology, this paper describes its origins and relationship with social psychology. In the same vein, it talks about the research line such as persuasion and power element, referring authors like Allport, Lewin and Festinger. Next, the difference between formal and everyday politics is considered; understanding the latter as the relation with power, conflict dealing and the issue of accepting the difference in everyday relationships.

Absence of the gut microbiota enhances anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine response to acute stress in rats.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Establishment of the gut microbiota is one of the most important events in early life and emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota influences several aspects of brain functioning, including reactivity to stress. To better understand how the gut microbiota contributes to a vulnerability to the stress-related psychiatric disorders, we investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota, anxiety-like behavior and HPA axis activity in stress-sensitive rodents. We also analyzed the monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain upper structures involved in the regulation of stress and anxiety. METHODS: Germfree (GF) and specific pathogen free (SPF) F344 male rats were first subjected to neurological tests to rule out sensorimotor impairments as confounding factors. Then, we examined the behavior responses of rats to social interaction and open-field tests. Serum corticosterone concentrations, CRF mRNA expression levels in the hypothalamus, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus, and monoamine concentrations in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum were compared in rats that were either exposed to the open-field stress or not. RESULTS: GF rats spent less time sniffing an unknown partner than SPF rats in the social interaction test, and displayed a lower number of visits to the aversive central area, and an increase in latency time, time spent in the corners and number of defecations in the open-field test. In response to the open-field stress, serum corticosterone concentrations were 2.8-fold higher in GF than in SPF rats. Compared to that of SPF rats, GF rats showed elevated CRF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and reduced GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus. GF rats also had a lower dopaminergic turnover rate in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum than SPF rats. CONCLUSIONS: In stress-sensitive F344 rats, absence of the gut microbiota exacerbates the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute stress and the results coexist with alterations of the dopaminergic turnover rate in brain upper structures that are known to regulate reactivity to stress and anxiety-like behavior.

Effect of vitamin E and memantine on functional decline in Alzheimer disease: the TEAM-AD VA cooperative randomized trial.

IMPORTANCE: Although vitamin E and memantine have been shown to have beneficial effects in moderately severe Alzheimer disease (AD), evidence is limited in mild to moderate AD. OBJECTIVE: To determine if vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), memantine, or both slow progression of mild to moderate AD in patients taking an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial involving 613 patients with mild to moderate AD initiated in August 2007 and concluded in September 2012 at 14 Veterans Affairs medical centers. INTERVENTIONS: Participants received either 2000 IU/d of alpha tocopherol (n = 152), 20 mg/d of memantine (n = 155), the combination (n = 154), or placebo (n = 152). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) Inventory score (range, 0-78). Secondary outcomes included cognitive, neuropsychiatric, functional, and caregiver measures. RESULTS: Data from 561 participants were analyzed (alpha tocopherol = 140, memantine = 142, combination = 139, placebo = 140), with 52 excluded because of a lack of any follow-up data. Over the mean (SD) follow-up of 2.27 (1.22) years, ADCS-ADL Inventory scores declined by 3.15 units (95% CI, 0.92 to 5.39; adjusted P = .03) less in the alpha tocopherol group compared with the placebo group. In the memantine group, these scores declined 1.98 units less (95% CI, -0.24 to 4.20; adjusted P = .40) than the placebo group's decline. This change in the alpha tocopherol group translates into a delay in clinical progression of 19% per year compared with placebo or a delay of approximately 6.2 months over the follow-up period. Caregiver time increased least in the alpha tocopherol group. All-cause mortality and safety analyses showed a difference only on the serious adverse event of "infections or infestations," with greater frequencies in the memantine (31 events in 23 participants) and combination groups (44 events in 31 participants) compared with placebo (13 events in 11 participants). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with mild to moderate AD, 2000 IU/d of alpha tocopherol compared with placebo resulted in slower functional decline. There were no significant differences in the groups receiving memantine alone or memantine plus alpha tocopherol. These findings suggest benefit of alpha tocopherol in mild to moderate AD by slowing functional decline and decreasing caregiver burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00235716.