A genomic study on mammary gland acclimatization to tropical environment in the Holstein cattle.

This study aims at identifying mammary gland genes expressed in Brazilian Holstein cattle produced under tropical conditions, as compared to the Portuguese Holstein cattle produced in a temperate region. For this purpose, cDNA microarrays and real-time (RT) PCR transcriptomic techniques were utilized in 12 Holstein cows from the same lactating phase and management systems divided into two groups: Holstein Brazil (HB) originated from Brazil and Holstein Portugal (HP) from Portugal. The genomic results show that from a total of 4608 genes available from the microarray slide (Bovine Long Oligo (BLO) library), 65 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed in mammary glands. The genes associated with mammary gland development and heat stress responses showed greater expression in HB animals. In the HP group, upregulated genes related with apoptosis and vascular development and downregulated genes related with resistance to heat stress were observed. Validation of microarray results was done using RT-PCR. HB animals had higher blood levels of growth hormone than HP animals. Blood levels of prolactin and T3 were similar for both groups and GH levels were increased in the HB group. The results suggest a gene change towards long-term acclimatization of Brazilian Holstein cattle to cope with tropical heat stress conditions.

Vigilância em saúde o papel do médico veterinário diante da leishmaniose visceral / Health surveillance - the role of the veterinary in visceral leishmaniosis

O presente estudo objetivou ressaltar o papel do profissional médico veterinário, atuante na clínica de pequenos animais, na vigilância da Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), com grande valor para as atividades de vigilância no cão. A análise documental de prontuários de atendimento clínico de uma clínica particular no Município de Bauru/SP entre 2007 a 2012 foi realizada para levantamento das informações. Foram identificados os prontuários com diagnóstico confirmado para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC), sendo analisados, na sequência, dados como sintomatologia clínica suspeita e a técnica utilizada para o diagnóstico (citologia aspirativa de linfonodo ou sorologia). No período analisado foram identificados 1.026 casos (10,8% da casuística) de cães positivos para LVC. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram: emagrecimento progressivo (78,16%), lesões cutâneas (75,14%), apatia (73,68%), alopecia (69,10%) e linfadenomegalia generalizada (67,15%). Dessas suspeitas clínicas, 61,6% (632/1.026) foram diagnosticados por meio de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) de linfonodo e 38,4% (394/1.026) por meio de sorologia (reação de imunofluorescência indireta -RIFI e ensaio imunoenzimático - ELISA). A aproximação entre o serviço público e privado faz-se necessária, contribuindo para as atividades de vigilância da enfermidade.Assim,clínicas veterinárias constituem verdadeiras unidades de saúde sentinelas para a saúde pública e a utilização da CAAF,uma técnica barata e conclusiva, principalmente em áreas endêmicas, mostrou-se eficaz.(AU)

This study aimed to highlight the role of the veterinarian practicing at the small animals clinic in the surveillance of Visceral Leishmaniasis (LV), with an extremely valuable performance for the surveillance activities in the dog.Therefore, this study was conducted through desk review of clinical care records of a veterinary clinic in the municipality of Bauru/SP between 2007 and 2012. The records with confirmed diagnosis for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were identified and data like clinical signs presented and the technique used for diagnosis(aspiration cytology of lymph node or serology) from the visits were analyzed. In the analyzed period, 1.026 cases(10,8% of cases) of CVL positive dogs were identified. The major clinical signs were progressive weight loss (78,16%),skin lesions (75,14%), apathy (73,68%), alopecia (69,10%) and generalized lymphadenopathy (67,15%). Of these clinical suspicions, 61,6% (632/1026) were diagnosed by means of cytology fine needle aspiration (FNAC) of lymphnode and 38,4% (394/1026) by means of serology. The approximation between public and private services is necessary,contributing to surveillance activities. Thus, veterinary clinics are real health units sentinels for public health and theuse of FNAC, an inexpensive and conclusive technique, especially in endemic areas, has proved to be effective.(AU)

Vigilância em saúde – o papel do médico veterinário diante da leishmaniose visceral / Health surveillance - the role of the veterinary in visceral leishmaniosis

O presente estudo objetivou ressaltar o papel do profissional médico veterinário, atuante na clínica de pequenos animais, na vigilância da Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), com grande valor para as atividades de vigilância no cão. A análise documental de prontuários de atendimento clínico de uma clínica particular no Município de Bauru/SP entre 2007 a 2012 foi realizada para levantamento das informações. Foram identificados os prontuários com diagnóstico confirmado para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC), sendo analisados, na sequência, dados como sintomatologia clínica suspeita e a técnica utilizada para o diagnóstico (citologia aspirativa de linfonodo ou sorologia). No período analisado foram identificados 1.026 casos (10,8% da casuística) de cães positivos para LVC. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram: emagrecimento progressivo (78,16%), lesões cutâneas (75,14%), apatia (73,68%), alopecia (69,10%) e linfadenomegalia generalizada (67,15%). Dessas suspeitas clínicas, 61,6% (632/1.026) foram diagnosticados por meio de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) de linfonodo e 38,4% (394/1.026) por meio de sorologia (reação de imunofluorescência indireta -RIFI e ensaio imunoenzimático - ELISA). A aproximação entre o serviço público e privado faz-se necessária, contribuindo para as atividades de vigilância da enfermidade.Assim,clínicas veterinárias constituem verdadeiras unidades de saúde sentinelas para a saúde pública e a utilização da CAAF,uma técnica barata e conclusiva, principalmente em áreas endêmicas, mostrou-se eficaz.

This study aimed to highlight the role of the veterinarian practicing at the small animal’s clinic in the surveillance of Visceral Leishmaniasis (LV), with an extremely valuable performance for the surveillance activities in the dog.Therefore, this study was conducted through desk review of clinical care records of a veterinary clinic in the municipality of Bauru/SP between 2007 and 2012. The records with confirmed diagnosis for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were identified and data like clinical signs presented and the technique used for diagnosis(aspiration cytology of lymph node or serology) from the visits were analyzed. In the analyzed period, 1.026 cases(10,8% of cases) of CVL positive dogs were identified. The major clinical signs were progressive weight loss (78,16%),skin lesions (75,14%), apathy (73,68%), alopecia (69,10%) and generalized lymphadenopathy (67,15%). Of these clinical suspicions, 61,6% (632/1026) were diagnosed by means of cytology fine needle aspiration (FNAC) of lymphnode and 38,4% (394/1026) by means of serology. The approximation between public and private services is necessary,contributing to surveillance activities. Thus, veterinary clinics are real health units sentinels for public health and theuse of FNAC, an inexpensive and conclusive technique, especially in endemic areas, has proved to be effective.

Eficácia do glyphosate e 2, 4-d no controle de Commelina villosa / Efficacy of glyphosate and 2, 4-D in control of Commelina villosa

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de glyphosate e 2,4-D, isolados e em mistura, no controle de Commelina villosa. Foram estudadas duas metodologias de avaliação de absorção de herbicidas em oito intervalos de tempo para a lavagem (simulando chuva após a aplicação) e corte (simulando abortamento, como estratégia de defesa) das folhas: 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas, além de um tratamento sem lavagem ou corte das folhas, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3 x 7 + 1 (três herbicidas x sete períodos – horas após a aplicação). Os herbicidas e doses testados foram: glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.080 + 720 g ha-1). A simulação de chuva interferiu de forma negativa no controle das plantas com o herbicida glyphosate. O controle com o herbicida 2,4-D foi influenciado apenas no período de 2 horas. Os períodos de simulação de chuva não influenciaram no controle das plantas com a mistura de glyphosate + 2,4-D. Para o estudo com corte das folhas tratadas, todos os tratamentos independente do período para corte das folhas foram influenciados de forma negativa no controle, sendo que as plantas apresentaram rebrotas quando tratadas com o herbicida 2,4-D isolado.

Efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-d in the control of Commelina Villosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D alone and in combination, in the control of Commelina villosa. We studied two methodologies for evaluating herbicide absorption in eight time intervals for washing (simulating rainfall after application) and cutting of leaves (simulating abortion as a defense strategy): 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after herbicide application, and a treatment without washing or cutting the leaves in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 3 x 7 + 1 factorial design (three herbicides x seven periods – hours after application). Herbicides and doses tested were: glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) and a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 720 g ha-1). The simulation of rain interfered negatively in the plant control with glyphosate. The control with the herbicide 2,4-D was affected only for the period of 2 hours. Periods of rain simulation did not influence the control of plants with a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. For the study with the cutting of treated leaves, all treatments regardless of the period of cutting the leaves were influenced negatively in terms of plant control, the plants showing regrowth when treated with 2,4-D alone.

Eficácia do glyphosate e 2, 4-d no controle de Commelina villosa / Efficacy of glyphosate and 2, 4-D in control of Commelina villosa

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de glyphosate e 2,4-D, isolados e em mistura, no controle de Commelina villosa. Foram estudadas duas metodologias de avaliação de absorção de herbicidas em oito intervalos de tempo para a lavagem (simulando chuva após a aplicação) e corte (simulando abortamento, como estratégia de defesa) das folhas: 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas, além de um tratamento sem lavagem ou corte das folhas, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3 x 7 + 1 (três herbicidas x sete períodos horas após a aplicação). Os herbicidas e doses testados foram: glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.080 + 720 g ha-1). A simulação de chuva interferiu de forma negativa no controle das plantas com o herbicida glyphosate. O controle com o herbicida 2,4-D foi influenciado apenas no período de 2 horas. Os períodos de simulação de chuva não influenciaram no controle das plantas com a mistura de glyphosate + 2,4-D. Para o estudo com corte das folhas tratadas, todos os tratamentos independente do período para corte das folhas foram influenciados de forma negativa no controle, sendo que as plantas apresentaram rebrotas quando tratadas com o herbicida 2,4-D isolado.(AU)

Efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-d in the control of Commelina Villosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D alone and in combination, in the control of Commelina villosa. We studied two methodologies for evaluating herbicide absorption in eight time intervals for washing (simulating rainfall after application) and cutting of leaves (simulating abortion as a defense strategy): 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after herbicide application, and a treatment without washing or cutting the leaves in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 3 x 7 + 1 factorial design (three herbicides x seven periods hours after application). Herbicides and doses tested were: glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) and a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 720 g ha-1). The simulation of rain interfered negatively in the plant control with glyphosate. The control with the herbicide 2,4-D was affected only for the period of 2 hours. Periods of rain simulation did not influence the control of plants with a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. For the study with the cutting of treated leaves, all treatments regardless of the period of cutting the leaves were influenced negatively in terms of plant control, the plants showing regrowth when treated with 2,4-D alone.(AU)

Seletividade do herbicida saflufenacil aplicado em pós-emergência em dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar na condição de soca

This study was aimed to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide saflufenacil applied alone and mixed, in post-emergence on 10 sugarcane cultivars in the second year after planting. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized split plot with 4 replications, with the cultivars set up in the plot and the herbicides in the subplot. The treatments were: saflufenacil + Assist (0.07 kg ha-1 + 0.5 v/v); saflufenacil + Break Thru (0.140 kg ha-1 + 0.05% v/v); saflufenacil (0.280 kg ha-1) and ametryne + clomazone (2.0 + 3.0 L ha-1) applied at 49 days after first harvest, and a control without application. The plants had from 2 to 4 leaves at the application time. The cultivars were: SP83-2847, SP80-3280, RB855453, SP80-1842, SP89-1115, RB867515, PO-8862, RB855156, SP80-1816 and SP81-3250. The herbicide was applied using Teejet XR11002VS spray equipment with six spray nozzles, at 200 kPa and, 200 L ha-1 spray volume. Visual evaluations were made at 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days after application. The initial visual injuries observed in the sugarcane plants were dependent on cultivars, the herbicides and, doses tested. All chemical treatments tested were selective to the different cultivars studied, without affecting the crop and sugar production.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade do herbicida saflufenacil de forma isolada e em mistura, aplicado em pós-emergência inicial sobre dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar em condição de cana-soca. O experimento foi instalado no Município de Botucatu, SP. O deli-neamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas tendo como tratamento principal as variedades de cana-de-açúcar e como tratamento secundário o herbicida saflufenacil + Assist (0,07 kg ha-1 + 0,5% v/v); saflufenacil + Break Thru (0,140 kg ha-1 + 0,05% v/v); saflufenacil (0,280 kg ha-1) e ametryne + clomazone (3,0 + 2,0 L i. a. ha-1), aplicados aos 49 dias após o corte, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. As plantas de cana-de-açúcar encontravam-se, por ocasião da aplicação, com 2 a 4 folhas. As dez variedades utilizadas foram: SP83-2847, SP80-3280, RB855453, SP80-1842, SP89-1115, RB867515, PO8862, RB855156, SP80-1816 e SP81-3250. Para a aplicação dos herbicidas utilizou-se um pulverizador costal pressurizado a CO2 equipado com barra de aplicação com seis pontas Teejet XR11002VS, à 200 kPa no volume de aplicação de 200 L ha-1. As avaliações visuais de controle foram realizadas aos 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação. As injúrias visuais inicialmente observadas nas plantas de cana-de-açúcar foram dependentes da variedade e dos herbicidas e doses testados. Todos os tratamentos químicos foram seletivos às diferentes variedades estudadas, não afetando o rendimento de colmos e açúcar.

Seletividade do herbicida saflufenacil aplicado em pós-emergência em dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar na condição de soca

This study was aimed to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide saflufenacil applied alone and mixed, in post-emergence on 10 sugarcane cultivars in the second year after planting. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized split plot with 4 replications, with the cultivars set up in the plot and the herbicides in the subplot. The treatments were: saflufenacil + Assist (0.07 kg ha-1 + 0.5 v/v); saflufenacil + Break Thru (0.140 kg ha-1 + 0.05% v/v); saflufenacil (0.280 kg ha-1) and ametryne + clomazone (2.0 + 3.0 L ha-1) applied at 49 days after first harvest, and a control without application. The plants had from 2 to 4 leaves at the application time. The cultivars were: SP83-2847, SP80-3280, RB855453, SP80-1842, SP89-1115, RB867515, PO-8862, RB855156, SP80-1816 and SP81-3250. The herbicide was applied using Teejet XR11002VS spray equipment with six spray nozzles, at 200 kPa and, 200 L ha-1 spray volume. Visual evaluations were made at 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days after application. The initial visual injuries observed in the sugarcane plants were dependent on cultivars, the herbicides and, doses tested. All chemical treatments tested were selective to the different cultivars studied, without affecting the crop and sugar production.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade do herbicida saflufenacil de forma isolada e em mistura, aplicado em pós-emergência inicial sobre dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar em condição de cana-soca. O experimento foi instalado no Município de Botucatu, SP. O deli-neamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas tendo como tratamento principal as variedades de cana-de-açúcar e como tratamento secundário o herbicida saflufenacil + Assist (0,07 kg ha-1 + 0,5% v/v); saflufenacil + Break Thru (0,140 kg ha-1 + 0,05% v/v); saflufenacil (0,280 kg ha-1) e ametryne + clomazone (3,0 + 2,0 L i. a. ha-1), aplicados aos 49 dias após o corte, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. As plantas de cana-de-açúcar encontravam-se, por ocasião da aplicação, com 2 a 4 folhas. As dez variedades utilizadas foram: SP83-2847, SP80-3280, RB855453, SP80-1842, SP89-1115, RB867515, PO8862, RB855156, SP80-1816 e SP81-3250. Para a aplicação dos herbicidas utilizou-se um pulverizador costal pressurizado a CO2 equipado com barra de aplicação com seis pontas Teejet XR11002VS, à 200 kPa no volume de aplicação de 200 L ha-1. As avaliações visuais de controle foram realizadas aos 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação. As injúrias visuais inicialmente observadas nas plantas de cana-de-açúcar foram dependentes da variedade e dos herbicidas e doses testados. Todos os tratamentos químicos foram seletivos às diferentes variedades estudadas, não afetando o rendimento de colmos e açúcar.

Efeito de diferentes herbicidas, doses e volume de calda na dessecação de milheto [Pennisetum Glaucum (L. Leek)] / Effect of different herbicides, doses and spray volume in the chemical management of pearl millet [Pennisetum Glaucum (L. Leek)]

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar a eficácia de diferentes herbicidas aplicados em pósemergência na de secação do milheto com diferentes doses e volumes de calda de aplicação. Para a dessecação do milheto foram utilizadas doses de 0, 25, 50 e 100% dos herbicidas glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), em três formulações comerciais (Round up Original, Round up Transorb e Round up WG), paraquat + diuron (500 + 250 g ha-1) e amônio-glufosinato (800 g ha-1). Em todos os tratamentos foram utilizados dois volumes de aplicação (200 e 400 L ha-1). Manteve-se uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados visualmente aos 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação. Ao final das avaliações foi determinada a massa seca das plantas. O estudo de campo foi instalado no delineamento em blocos casualizados. No final do estudo, aos 28 DAA, todos os tratamentos apresentaram controle total das plantas de milheto, independente da dose e do volume de aplicação, exceto para os tratamentos com paraquat + diuron e amônio-glufosinate na menor dose (25% da dose), nos dois volumes de aplicação, que apresentaram ainda controles considerados bons a muito bom, sendo que para esses dois herbicidas houve efeito do volume de calda, na qual o controle foi superior com o uso de volume menor.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides applied in post-emergence in the desiccation of pearl millet with different doses and spray volumes. For the desiccation, doses at 0, 25, 50 and 100% of the herbicide glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1) were used in 3 formulations (Original Round up, Round up Transorb and Round up WG), paraquat + diuron (500 + 250 g ha-1) and glufosinateammonium (800 g ha-1). In all treatments, 2 spray volumes (200 and 400 l ha-1) were used, and there was 1 treatment (control) without the application of herbicides. The treatment effects were evaluated visually at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA). At the end of the evaluations, the dry mass of the plants was determined. The field trial was carried out in randomized block design. At the end of the study, at 28 DAA, all treatments presented total control of plant pearl millet, regardless of the dose and spray volume, except the treatments with paraquat + diuron and glufosinate-ammonium at the lower dose (25%), in 2 spray volumes, which nevertheless showed good and very good control, these two herbicides presenting an effect of volume, in which the control was higher with the use of smaller volume.

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES HERBICIDAS, DOSES E VOLUME DE CALDA NA DESSECAÇÃO DE MILHETO [PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L. LEEK)]

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides applied in post-emergence in the desiccation of pearl millet with different doses and spray volumes. For the desiccation, doses at 0, 25, 50 and 100% of the herbicide glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1) were used in 3 formulations (Original Round up, Round up Transorb and Round up WG), paraquat + diuron (500 + 250 g ha-1) and glufosinate-ammonium (800 g ha-1). In all treatments, 2 spray volumes (200 and 400 l ha-1) were used, and there was 1 treatment (control) without the application of herbicides. The treatment effects were evaluated visually at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA). At the end of the evaluations, the dry mass of the plants was determined. The field trial was carried out in randomized block design. At the end of the study, at 28 DAA, all treatments presented total control of plant pearl millet, regardless of the dose and spray volume, except the treatments with paraquat + diuron and glufosinate-ammonium at the lower dose (25%), in 2 spray volumes, which nevertheless showed good and very good control, these two herbicides presenting an effect of volume, in which the control was higher with the use of smaller volume.

RESUMO Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar a eficácia de diferentes herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência na de secação do milheto com diferentes doses e volumes de calda de aplicação. Para a dessecação do milheto foram utilizadas doses de 0, 25, 50 e 100% dos herbicidas glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), em três formulações comerciais (Round up Original, Round up Transorb e Round up WG), paraquat + diuron (500 + 250 g ha-1) e amônio-glufosinato (800 g ha-1). Em todos os tratamentos foram utilizados dois volumes de aplicação (200 e 400 L ha-1). Manteve-se uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados visualmente aos 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação. Ao final das avaliações foi determinada a massa seca das plantas. O estudo de campo foi instalado no delineamento em blocos casualizados. No final do estudo, aos 28 DAA, todos os tratamentos apresentaram controle total das plantas de milheto, independente da dose e do volume de aplicação, exceto para os tratamentos com paraquat + diuron e amônio-glufosinate na menor dose (25% da dose), nos dois volumes de aplicação, que apresentaram ainda controles considerados bons a muito bom, sendo que para esses dois herbicidas houve efeito do volume de calda, na qual o controle foi superior com o uso de volume menor.

Use of the caffeine-halothane contracture test for the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia in Brazil

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. Deaths due to MH have been reported in Brazil. The first Malignant Hyperthermia Diagnostic and Research Center in Latin America was inaugurated in 1993 at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The center followed the diagnostic protocols of the North America MH Group, in which the contractures of biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle are analyzed after exposure to caffeine and halothane (CHCT). CHCT was performed in individuals who survived, their relatives and those with signs/symptoms somewhat related to MH susceptibility (MHS). Here, we report data from 194 patients collected over 16 years. The Southeast (N = 110) and South (N = 71) represented the majority of patients. Median age was 25 (4-70) years, with similar numbers of males (104) and females (90). MHS was found in 90 patients and 104 patients were normal. Abnormal responses to both caffeine and halothane were observed in 59 patients and to caffeine or halothane in 20 and 11 patients, respectively. The contracture of biopsies from MHS exposed to caffeine and halothane was 1.027 ± 0.075 g (N = 285) and 4.021 ± 0.255 g (N = 226), respectively. MHS was found in patients with either low or high blood creatine kinase and also, with a low score on the clinical grading scale. Thus, these parameters cannot be used with certainty to predict MHS. We conclude that the CHCT protocol described by the North America MH Group contributed to identification of MHS in suspected individuals at an MH center in Brazil with 100 percent sensitivity and 65.7 percent specificity.

Use of the caffeine-halothane contracture test for the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia in Brazil.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. Deaths due to MH have been reported in Brazil. The first Malignant Hyperthermia Diagnostic and Research Center in Latin America was inaugurated in 1993 at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The center followed the diagnostic protocols of the North America MH Group, in which the contractures of biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle are analyzed after exposure to caffeine and halothane (CHCT). CHCT was performed in individuals who survived, their relatives and those with signs/symptoms somewhat related to MH susceptibility (MHS). Here, we report data from 194 patients collected over 16 years. The Southeast (N = 110) and South (N = 71) represented the majority of patients. Median age was 25 (4-70) years, with similar numbers of males (104) and females (90). MHS was found in 90 patients and 104 patients were normal. Abnormal responses to both caffeine and halothane were observed in 59 patients and to caffeine or halothane in 20 and 11 patients, respectively. The contracture of biopsies from MHS exposed to caffeine and halothane was 1.027 +/- 0.075 g (N = 285) and 4.021 +/- 0.255 g (N = 226), respectively. MHS was found in patients with either low or high blood creatine kinase and also, with a low score on the clinical grading scale. Thus, these parameters cannot be used with certainty to predict MHS. We conclude that the CHCT protocol described by the North America MH Group contributed to identification of MHS in suspected individuals at an MH center in Brazil with 100% sensitivity and 65.7% specificity.

Parentage testing on blood crusts from firearms projectiles by DNA typing settles and insurance fraud case.

We describe a case of a fraudulent insurance claim. The family of an adult white male (DLF) notified the police of their son's disappearance. After a few weeks, a corpse that presented characteristics similar to those of the DLF was found in advanced stages of decay and was identified by the family as being DLF. The family then filed a claim for the life insurance that DLF had taken out just before he disappeared. Suspicions were raised about the identification of the corpse, because it had been done only visually, and because the insurance policy had been taken out just prior to DLF's disappearance. The insurance company requested a postmortem examination for identification. As the corpse had been cremated immediately after identification by the family, the biological material that was encrusted on the two projectiles removed from the body was used for analysis. The blood crusts provided enough genomic DNA for us to carry out PCR base typing of HLA-DQA1, D1S80, HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, HUMTH01, D3S1744, D12S1090, D18S849, and amelogenin. Results from all loci typing from the corpse presumed to be that of DLF were then compared with that of his alleged biological parents, revealing genetic incompatibility.

Median mandibular cleft.

We report on a patient with median cleft of mandible and lower lip and its associated corrective treatment, and we review the literature.

Craniofacial treatment of giant-cell tumors of the sphenoid bone.

We report a craniofacial approach for resection of a giant-cell tumor of the sphenoid bone. Complementary radiotherapy was performed because of the incomplete tumor remotion. Four-year follow-up is presented.

[Use of autologous fibrin glue in facial reconstruction by total skin graft]. / Utilisation de la colle de fibrine autologue en reconstruction faciale par greffes de peau totale.

Fibrin glue of human origin was used in 12 patients following excision of facial skin tumors and reconstruction skin graft. Positive results were achieved in all cases with good by full-thickness healing, reduction of operating time and good aesthetic results.

Utilization of citogenetic technics in paternity investigation

Th joint analysis of several genetic markers in casesof paternity investigation renders possible a cumulative probability of 99.7% of change of esclusion of a flasely accused father. The role of heteromorphism of the Y chromosome size was appraised in this work, with more than one genetic marker, in 20 expertise examinations in paternity investigation, where the children were male. The results found with found with this method, in association with the research on erythrocytic and leucocytic antigens showed the exclusion of two falsely accused men. Cytogenetic analysis with Giemsa stain in combination with leukocyte (HLA system) and erithrocyte antigens investigation demonstrated the exclusion of two men falsely accused

Utilization of cytogenetic technics in paternity investigation.

The joint analysis of several genetic markers in cases of paternity investigation renders possible a cumulative probability of 99.7% of chance of exclusion of a falsely accused father. The role of heteromorphisms of the Y chromosome size was appraised in this work, with more than one genetic marker, in 20 expertise examinations in paternity investigation, where the children were male. The results found with this method, in association with the research on erythrocytic and leucocytic antigens showed the exclusion of two falsely accused men. Cytogenetics analysis with Giemsa stain in combination with leukocyte (HLA system) and erythrocyte antigens investigation demonstrated the exclusion of two men falsely accused.