No. 383-Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are a potentially life-threatening complication of pregnancy that demand coordinated interdisciplinary care to achieve safer outcomes. The rising incidence of this disease is due to a growing number of uterine surgical procedures, including the rising incidence of pregnancy following Caesarean section. OBJECTIVE: To provide current evidence-based guidelines on the optimal methods used to effectively screen, diagnose, and manage PAS disorders. METHODS: Members of the guideline committee were selected on the basis of their ongoing expertise in managing this condition across Canada and by practice setting. The committee reviewed all available evidence in the English medical literature, including published guidelines, and evaluated diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, and clinical outcomes. EVIDENCE: Published literature, including clinical practice guidelines, was retrieved through searches of Medline and The Cochrane Library to March 2018 using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies written in English. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated in the guideline to July 2018. VALUES: The quality of evidence in this document was graded using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. RESULTS: This document reviews the evidence regarding the available diagnostic and surgical techniques used for optimal management of women with suspected PAS disorders, including anaesthesia and practical considerations for interdisciplinary care. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: Implementation of the guideline recommendations will improve awareness of this disease and increase the proportion of affected women receiving interdisciplinary care in regional centres. CONCLUSIONS: Interdisciplinary team-based care providing accurate diagnostic services, coordinated planning, and safer surgery deliver effective care with improved clinical outcomes in comparison with alternative management. SUMMARY STATEMENTS: RECOMMENDATIONS.

Recurrent Placental Transcriptional Profile With a Different Histological and Clinical Presentation: A Case Report.

Statistically, patients with severe pregnancy complications are at risk of recurrent complications, but it is less understood if patients present with similar or different placental pathologies in subsequent pregnancies. In this case report, we describe 2 consecutive adverse pregnancies in the same woman 4 years apart. The first pregnancy was diagnosed as early-onset preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, with placental maternal vascular malperfusion features, such as syncytial knots and accelerated villous maturity. In contrast, the second pregnancy was associated with normotensive fetal growth restriction and placental "immunological" lesions, such as massive perivillous fibrin deposition and chronic intervillositis. However, based on the expression of FLT1, LIMCH1, and TAP1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the placentas from both pregnancies were found to exhibit an "immunological" transcriptional signature. This suggests that this small panel of gene expression markers may be able to predict the future reoccurrence of an immunological placental pathology despite no histological evidence within the first pregnancy. These results call for more studies looking at paired pregnancies of individuals with recurrent obstetric complications and confirm the importance of assessing matched transcriptional and histopathological placental information.

No. 381-Assisted Vaginal Birth.

OBJECTIVES: To provide evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective assisted vaginal birth. OUTCOMES: Prerequisites, indications, contraindications, along with maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with assisted vaginal birth. EVIDENCE: Medline database was searched for articles published from January 1, 1985, to February 28, 2018 using the key words "assisted vaginal birth," "instrumental vaginal birth," "operative vaginal delivery," "forceps delivery," "vacuum delivery," "ventouse delivery." The quality of evidence is described using the Evaluation of Evidence criteria outlined in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. VALIDATION: These guidelines were approved by the Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee and the Board of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada.

No 381 - Accouchement vaginal assisté.

OBJECTIFS: Fournir des directives factuelles qui favorisent l'accouchement vaginal assisté sécuritaire et efficace. RéSULTATS: Conditions préalables, indications, contre-indications, ainsi que les morbidités maternelles et néonatales liées à l'accouchement vaginal assisté. DONNéES PROBANTES: Des recherches ont été effectuées dans la base de données Medline pour trouver des articles publiés entre le 1er janvier 1985 et le 28 février 2018 en utilisant les termes anglais suivants : assisted vaginal birth, instrumental vaginal birth, operative vaginal delivery, forceps delivery, vacuum delivery, ventouse delivery. La qualité des données probantes indiquées s'appuie sur les critères d'évaluation des données décrits dans le rapport du Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs. VALIDATION: La présente directive a été approuvée par le comité de pratique clinique - obstétrique et le conseil d'administration de la Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada. RECOMMANDATIONS.

No. 148-Guidelines for Operative Vaginal Birth.

OBJECTIVE: To provide guidelines for operative vaginal birth in the management of the second stage of labour. OPTIONS: Non-operative techniques, episiotomy, and Caesarean section are compared to operative vaginal birth. OUTCOME: Reduced fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. EVIDENCE: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched using the key words ''vacuum" and "birth" as well as "forceps" and "birth" for literature published in English from january 1970 to June 2004. The level of evidence and quality of rec-ommendations made are described using the Evaluation of Evidence from the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. RECOMMENDATIONS: VALIDATION: The Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee and Executive and Council of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada approved these guidelines.

No 223-Tenue systématique d'un examen échographique obstétrical au cours du deuxième trimestre : Contenu d'un examen et d'un rapport exhaustifs.

OBJECTIF: Analyser les avantages d'un examen échographique exhaustif au cours du deuxième trimestre et les conditions nécessaires à sa tenue, ainsi que la documentation requise. ISSUES: Un examen échographique exhaustif au cours du deuxième trimestre offre des renseignements au sujet du nombre de fœtus, de l'âge gestationnel, de l'emplacement du placenta et de l'anatomie fœtale et maternelle. RéSULTATS: Dans le cadre de la rédaction du présent document, le document « Practice Guideline for the Performance of Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations ¼ du American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, le bulletin de pratique « Ultrasound in Pregnancy ¼ du American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists et le rapport de groupe de travail « Ultrasound Screening ¼ du Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists ont été analysés. Des recherches ont été menées dans PubMed et Cochrane Database au moyen des mots « routine second trimester obstetrical ultrasound ¼. VALEURS: Les résultats ont été évalués au moyen des lignes directrices élaborées par le Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs. AVANTAGES, DéSAVANTAGES ET COûTS: La tenue systématique d'un examen échographique exhaustif au cours du deuxième trimestre (entre la 18e et la 22e semaine de gestation) et la rédaction d'un rapport d'échographie exhaustif offrent la meilleure occasion de diagnostiquer les anomalies fœtales et de contribuer à la gestion des soins prénatals. Ils permettent également de diminuer le nombre d'examens échographiques menés au cours du deuxième trimestre aux fins de l'exploration de l'anatomie fœtale. Les coûts sont ceux qui sont mis en jeu dans le cadre de l'exécution d'une échographie obstétricale. VALIDATION: Il s'agit de la révision d'une directive clinique déjà publiée; des données issues d'autres analyses de consensus tirées de publications médicales ont été utilisées. COMMANDITAIRE: La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada RECOMMANDATIONS.

No. 223-Content of a Complete Routine Second Trimester Obstetrical Ultrasound Examination and Report.

OBJECTIVE: To review the benefits of and requirements for a complete second trimester ultrasound and the documentation needed. OUTCOMES: A complete second trimester ultrasound provides information about the number of fetuses, the gestational age, the location of the placenta, and fetal and maternal anatomy. EVIDENCE: In the production of this document, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine's "Practice Guideline for the Performance of Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations," the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' practice bulletin, "Ultrasound in Pregnancy," and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' Working Party Report, "Ultrasound Screening" were reviewed. PubMed and the Cochrane Database were searched using the words "routine second trimester obstetrical ultrasound." VALUES: The evidence was evaluated using the guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: A routine complete second trimester ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks and a complete ultrasound report will provide the best opportunity to diagnose fetal anomalies and to assist in the management of prenatal care. It will also reduce the number of ultrasound examinations done during the second trimester for completion of fetal anatomy survey. The costs are those involved with the performance of obstetrical ultrasound. VALIDATION: This is a revision of previous guidelines; information from other consensus reviews from medical publications has been used. SPONSORS: The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada.

Ultrasound Evaluation of First Trimester Complications of Pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: OUTCOMES:: EVIDENCE: A MEDLINE search and review of bibliographies identified articles was conducted. VALUES: The evidence collected was reviewed by the Diagnostic Imaging Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. The recommendations were made according to the guidelines developed by The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Table 1). BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: Women presenting with first trimester bleeding may be incorrectly diagnosed with a missed abortion, may have an ectopic pregnancy overlooked, or may be inappropriately reassured about viability. Improvement in the identification of the sonographic landmarks of normal embryonic development and awareness of the sonographic risk factors of pregnancy failure may lead to more case-specific management strategies. Diagnosis of suspected ectopic pregnancy often involves an assessment of both hormonal markers and sonographic features. Maternal morbidity and mortality can be reduced with an early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Évaluation échographique des complications au premier trimestre de grossesse.

OBJECTIFS: RéSULTATS: SOURCES DE DONNéES: Nous avons effectué des recherches dans MEDLINE et un examen de la bibliographie des articles recensés. VALEURS: Le Comité d'imagerie diagnostique de la Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada a passé en revue les données probantes recueillies. Les recommandations reposent sur les lignes directrices élaborées par le Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs (tableau 1). AVANTAGES, DéSAVANTAGES ET COûTS: Les femmes qui présentent des saignements durant le premier trimestre peuvent recevoir un diagnostic incorrect d'avortement manqué. En outre, on risque de ne pas détecter une grossesse ectopique ou de les rassurer à tort sur la viabilité de l'embryon. L'amélioration de la détection des repères échographiques du développement embryonnaire normal et de la connaissance des facteurs de risque liés à l'échec de grossesse sur le plan échographique pourrait donner lieu à l'élaboration de stratégies de prise en charge mieux adaptées à chaque cas. Le diagnostic d'une grossesse ectopique suspectée repose souvent sur l'évaluation de marqueurs hormonaux et de caractéristiques échographiques. Par ailleurs, le diagnostic précoce de grossesse ectopique peut réduire la morbidité et la mortalité maternelles. RECOMMANDATIONS.

RETIRED: The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the obstetric patient.

This document has been archived because it contains outdated information. It should not be consulted for clinical use, but for historical research only. Please visit the journal website for the most recent guidelines.

Ce document a été archivé, car il contient des informations périmées. Il ne devrait pas être consulté pour un usage clinique, mais uniquement pour des recherches historiques. Veuillez consulter le site web du journal pour les directives les plus récentes.

Initial evaluation and referral guidelines for management of pelvic/ovarian masses.

OBJECTIVES: To optimize the management of adnexal masses and to assist primary care physicians and gynaecologists determine which patients presenting with an ovarian mass with a significant risk of malignancy should be considered for gynaecologic oncology referral and management. OPTIONS: Laparoscopic evaluation, comprehensive surgical staging for early ovarian cancer, or tumour debulking for advanced stage ovarian cancer. OUTCOMES: To optimize conservative versus operative management of women with possible ovarian malignancy and to optimize the involvement of gynaecologic oncologists in planning and delivery of treatment. EVIDENCE: Published literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed or MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified by searching the web sites of health technology assessment and health technology assessment-related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Primary care physicians and gynaecologists should always consider the possibility of an underlying ovarian cancer in patients in any age group who present with an adnexal or ovarian mass. (II-2B) 2. Appropriate workup of a perimenopausal or postmenopausal woman presenting with an adnexal mass should include evaluation of symptoms and signs suggestive of malignancy, such as persistent pelvic/abdominal pain, urinary urgency/frequency, increased abdominal size/bloating, and difficulty eating. In addition, CA125 measurement should be considered. (II-2B) 3. Transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound examination is recommended as part of the initial workup of a complex adnexal/ovarian mass. (II-2B) 4. Ultrasound reports should be standardized to include size and unilateral/bilateral location of the adnexal mass and its possible origin, thickness of septations, presence of excrescences and internal solid components, vascular flow distribution pattern, and presence or absence of ascites. This information is essential for calculating the risk of malignancy index II score to identify pelvic mass with high malignant potential. (IIIC) 5. Patients deemed to have a high risk of an underlying malignancy should be reviewed in consultation with a gynaecologic oncologist for assessment and optimal surgical management. (II-2B).

Content of a complete routine second trimester obstetrical ultrasound examination and report.

OBJECTIVE: To review the benefits of and requirements for a complete second trimester ultrasound and the documentation needed. OUTCOMES: A complete second trimester ultrasound provides information about the number of fetuses, the gestational age, the location of the placenta, and fetal and maternal anatomy. EVIDENCE: In the production of this document, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine's "Practice Guideline for the Performance of Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations," the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' practice bulletin, "Ultrasound in Pregnancy," and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' Working Party Report, "Ultrasound Screening" were reviewed. PubMed and the Cochrane Database were searched using the words "routine second trimester obstetrical ultrasound." VALUES: The evidence was evaluated using the guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: A routine complete second trimester ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks and a complete ultrasound report will provide the best opportunity to diagnose fetal anomalies and to assist in the management of prenatal care. It will also reduce the number of ultrasound examinations done during the second trimester for completion of fetal anatomy survey. The costs are those involved with the performance of obstetrical ultrasound. VALIDATION: This is a revision of previous guidelines; information from other consensus reviews from medical publications has been used. SPONSORS: The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Pregnant women should be offered a routine second trimester ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation. (II-2B) 2. Second trimester ultrasound should screen for the number of fetuses, the gestational age, and the location of the placenta. (II-1A) 3. Second trimester ultrasound should screen for fetal anomalies. (II-2B).

RETIRED: Postpartum maternal and newborn discharge.

This document has been archived because it contains outdated information. It should not be consulted for clinical use, but for historical research only. Please visit the journal website for the most recent guidelines.

Guidelines for operative vaginal birth.

OBJECTIVE: To provide guidelines for operative vaginal birth in the management of the second stage of labour. OPTIONS: Non-operative techniques, episiotomy, and Caesarean section are compared to operative vaginal birth. outcome: Reduced fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. EVIDENCE: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched using the key words 'vacuum' and 'birth' as well as 'forceps' and 'birth' for literature published in English from January 1970 to June 2004. The level of evidence and quality of recommendations made are described using the Evaluation of Evidence from the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Non-operative interventions such as one-to-one support, partogram use, oxytocin use, and delayed pushing in women using epidurals will decrease need for operative birth. (I-A) 2. Manual rotation may be used alone or in conjunction with instrumental birth with little or no increased risk to the pregnant woman or to the fetus. (III-B) 3. Routine episiotomy is not necessary for an assisted vaginal birth. (II-1E) 4. When operative intervention in the second stage of labour is required, the options, risks, and benefits of vacuum, forceps, and Caesarean section must be considered. The choice of intervention needs to be individualized, as one is not clearly safer or more effective than the other. (II-B) 5. Failure of the chosen method, vacuum and/or forceps, to achieve delivery of the fetus in a reasonable time should be considered an indication for abandonment of the method. (III-C) 6. Adequate clinical experience and appropriate training of the operator are essential to the safe performance of operative deliveries. Hospital credentialing boards should grant privileges for performing these techniques only to an appropriately trained individual who demonstrates adequate skills. (III-C). VALIDATION: The Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee and Executive and Council of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada approved these guidelines.

Exercise in pregnancy and the postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE: To design Canadian guidelines advising obstetric care providers of the maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications of aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises in pregnancy. OUTCOMES: Knowledge of the impact of exercise on maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity, and of the maternal measures of fitness. EVIDENCE: MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2002 for English-language articles related to studies of maternal aerobic and strength conditioning in a previously sedentary population, maternal aerobic and strength conditioning in a previously active population, impact of aerobic and strength conditioning on early and late pregnancy outcomes, and impact of aerobic and strength conditioning on neonatal outcomes, as well as for review articles and meta-analyses related to exercise in pregnancy. VALUES: The evidence collected was reviewed by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee) with representation from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, and quantified using the evaluation of evidence guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Exam. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. All women without contraindications should be encouraged to participate in aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises as part of a healthy lifestyle during their pregnancy. (II-1,2B) 2. Reasonable goals of aerobic conditioning in pregnancy should be to maintain a good fitness level throughout pregnancy without trying to reach peak fitness or train for an athletic competition. (II-1,2C) 3. Women should choose activities that will minimize the risk of loss of balance and fetal trauma. (III-C) 4. Women should be advised that adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes are not increased for exercising women. (II-1,2B) 5. Initiation of pelvic floor exercises in the immediate postpartum period may reduce the risk of future urinary incontinence. (II-1C) 6. Women should be advised that moderate exercise during lactation does not affect the quantity or composition of breast milk or impact infant growth. (I-A) VALIDATION: This guideline has been approved by the SOGC Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee, the Executive and Council of SOGC, and the Board of Directors of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. SPONSORS: This guideline has been jointly sponsored by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology.