RESUMO
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) offers curative potential for older patients with myeloid malignancies. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of alloSCT using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in combination with a very short duration of immune suppression (IS) in this population. We retrospectively analyzed 92 consecutive patients aged 65 years and older who underwent an alloSCT for myeloid malignancies between February 2018 and December 2022 at our institution. Data on patient characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected. Ninety-two patients received an alloSCT with PTCy-based graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The majority had minimal comorbidities and were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Patients mostly received conditioning regimens with low to intermediate transplant conditioning intensity scores. In 43% of patients, IS could be permanently stopped at day +90, resulting in a median time of IS of 2.93 months in high-risk patients. At a median follow-up of 21.3 months, the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 89% and 87%, respectively. Relapse-free survival rates were 88% and 84% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The 1- and 2-year cumulative incidences of relapse were 8% and 13%, while treatment-related mortality (TRM) estimates were 9% at both time points. Acute GVHD grade 3 to 4 occurred in 7% within the first 180 days and severe chronic GVHD in 6% of patients. This all resulted in a 1- and 2-year graft versus host and relapse-free survival of 74% and 70%, respectively. AlloSCT using PTCy in combination with a short duration of IS in older patients with myeloid malignancies demonstrates favorable survival outcomes due to low relapse rates and a low TRM. The low incidence of relapse and acceptable rates of graft-versus-host disease suggest the efficacy and safety of this approach. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize transplant strategies for older patients with myeloid malignancies.
Assuntos
Ciclofosfamida , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Transplante Homólogo , Humanos , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is curative for myelofibrosis (MF) but assessing risk-benefit in individual patients is challenging. This complexity is amplified in CALR-mutated MF patients, as they live longer with conventional treatments compared to other molecular subtypes. We analyzed outcomes of 346 CALR-mutated MF patients who underwent allo-HCT in 123 EBMT centers between 2005 and 2019. After a median follow-up of 40 months, the estimated overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81%, 71%, and 63%, respectively. Patients receiving busulfan-containing regimens achieved a 5-year OS rate of 71%. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 16%, 22%, and 26%, respectively, while the incidence of relapse/progression was 11%, 15%, and 17%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that older age correlated with worse OS, while primary MF and HLA mismatched transplants had a near-to-significant trend to decreased OS. Comparative analysis between CALR- and JAK2-mutated MF patients adjusting for confounding factors revealed better OS, lower NRM, lower relapse, and improved graft-versus-host disease-free and relapse-free survival (GRFS) in CALR-mutated patients. These findings confirm the improved prognosis associated with CALR mutation in allo-HCT and support molecular profiling in prognostic scoring systems to predict OS after transplantation in MF.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Neoplasias , Mielofibrose Primária , Humanos , Mielofibrose Primária/genética , Mielofibrose Primária/terapia , Mielofibrose Primária/complicações , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/complicações , Doença Crônica , Recidiva , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/efeitos adversos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologiaRESUMO
Inadequate mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) is a limiting factor to proceeding with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT). To assess the impact of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) on mobilization failure of PBPC for auto-HCT, we investigated the characteristics of poor mobilizers (with a total PBPC collection <2 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg) in a consecutive single-center cohort of 776 patients. Targeted error-corrected next-generation sequencing of 28 genes was performed in a nested case-control cohort of 90 poor mobilizers and 89 matched controls. CH was detected in 48 out of 179 patients (27%), with most patients carrying a single mutation. The presence of CH (detected at variant allele frequency [VAF] ≥ 1%) did not associate with poor mobilization potential (31% vs 22% in controls, odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-3.23; P = .238). PPM1D mutations were detected more often in poor mobilizers (P = .005). In addition, TP53 mutations in this cohort were detected exclusively in patients with poor mobilization potential (P = .06). The incidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) was higher among patients with mobilization failure (P = .014). Although poor mobilizers experienced worse overall survival (P = .019), this was not affected by the presence of CH. We conclude that CH at low VAF (1%-10%) is common at the time of stem cell mobilization. TP53 mutations and PPM1D mutations are associated with poor mobilization potential and their role in subsequent development of t-MN in these individuals should be established.
Assuntos
Mobilização de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hematopoiese Clonal , Antígenos CD34 , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) can impact quality of life, especially in patients with oral involvement. Half of the patients with cGVHD do not respond to first-line therapy with corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. Ruxolitinib is effective in steroid-refractory (SR)-cGVHD cases, but the long-term effects of ruxolitinib on the oral mucosa are unknown. OBJECTIVE(S): This study aims to assess the effect of ruxolitinib on the oral mucosa of SR-cGVHD patients with oral involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational longitudinal patient study was conducted in 53 patients with SR-cGVHD and oral involvement who were treated with ruxolitinib. The baseline condition of the oral mucosa was compared to its condition at 4 and 12 weeks after starting ruxolitinib. RESULTS: The overall response was 81% (43/53), with a complete response in 53% (28/53) and partial response in 28% (15/53) after 12 weeks (p < 0.001). Men and patients concurrently using immunosuppressive therapy responded better than women (p = 0.005) and patients with ruxolitinib monotherapy (p = 0.02), respectively. At a longer follow-up (median 20 months), oral symptoms were comparable to the 12-week symptoms (p = 0.78), regardless of ruxolitinib use (p = 0.83). CONCLUSION: Ruxolitinib treatment of SR-cGVHD patients with oral involvement was associated with a significant response of the oral manifestations at 12 weeks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The oral mucosa of SR-cGVHD patients is likely to improve after 4 and 12 weeks of ruxolitinib treatment. Symptom severity at baseline does not affect the response of the oral mucosa.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal , Nitrilas , Pirazóis , Pirimidinas , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esteroides/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The predictive value of measurable residual disease (MRD) for survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been firmly established in younger patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. The value of MRD after treatment with decitabine in older patients is unknown. This retrospective analysis included patients ≥60 years of age with AML who received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) after treatment with decitabine or intensive chemotherapy. Of the 133 consecutively transplanted patients, 109 had available pretransplantation MRD analyses (by flowcytometry [threshold 0.1%]). Forty patients received decitabine treatment (10-day schedule), and 69 patients received intensive chemotherapy (7 + 3 regimen). Patients who received decitabine were older (median 67 versus 64 years) and more often had MRD (70% versus 38%). OS after alloHCT was comparable in both groups. In the chemotherapy group, MRD-positive patients had a significantly higher relapse probability (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 4.81; P= .0031) and risk of death (HR 2.8; P= .02) compared to MRD-negative patients. In the decitabine group there was no significant association between the presence of MRD and relapse (sHR 0.85; P= .83) or death (HR 0.72; P= .60). Pretransplantation MRD in patients receiving decitabine treatment does not have similar predictive value for relapse or survival in older AML patients receiving an alloHCT, compared to patients receiving intensive chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Idoso , Decitabina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasia Residual , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of whole-exome sequencing (WES) in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies that resulted in fetal demise or pregnancy termination. The results were also utilized to aid in the identification of candidate genes for fetal development and to expand the clinical phenotype of known genetic conditions.MethodsWES was performed on specimens from 84 deceased fetuses. Data were analyzed and final results were classified into one of four categories: positive, possible, negative, and candidate gene only. WES analysis was predominantly performed in fetus-parent trios or quads (61%, n=52).ResultsOverall, 20% (n = 17) of cases were positive, 45% (n=38) were possible, 9% (n=7) had only candidate gene variants and 26% (n = 22) tested negative. The diagnostic yield for definitive findings for trio analysis was 24% (n = 11) compared to 14% (n = 4) for singletons. The most frequently reported ultrasound anomalies were central nervous system (37%, n = 31), hydrops/edema (36%, n = 30), and cardiovascular anomalies (31%, n = 26).ConclusionOur experience supports the use of WES to identify the molecular etiology of fetal ultrasound anomalies, to identify candidate genes involved in fetal development, and to expand our knowledge of the clinical phenotype of known genetic conditions.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Fetal/genética , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Aborto Induzido , Exoma/genética , Feminino , Morte Fetal/etiologia , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Mutação , Fenótipo , Gravidez , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Ultrassonografia , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Sequenciamento do Exoma/métodosRESUMO
There is very little current information on the nature and extent of contacts between inmate parents and their children. To fill in this gap, it was the purpose of this study to determine how parental contacts with children, in the form of visits, mail, and telephone calls, affected inmate behavior behind bars. A subsample of more than 6,000 inmate parents from a larger sample of state prison inmates in the United States was analyzed. Results showed that inmates who got visits, both males and females, and mail (female inmates only) were more likely to be written up and/or found guilty of rule violations. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Assuntos
Comportamento , Relações Pais-Filho , Prisioneiros , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukaemia mainly affects elderly people, with a median age at diagnosis of around 70 years. Although about 50-60% of patients enter first complete remission upon intensive induction chemotherapy, relapse remains high and overall outcomes are disappointing. Therefore, effective post-remission therapy is urgently needed. Although often no post-remission therapy is given to elderly patients, it might include chemotherapy or allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following reduced-intensity conditioning. We aimed to assess the comparative value of allogeneic HSCT with other approaches, including no post-remission therapy, in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia aged 60 years and older. METHODS: For this time-dependent analysis, we used the results from four successive prospective HOVON-SAKK acute myeloid leukaemia trials. Between May 3, 2001, and Feb 5, 2010, a total of 1155 patients aged 60 years and older were entered into these trials, of whom 640 obtained a first complete remission after induction chemotherapy and were included in the analysis. Post-remission therapy consisted of allogeneic HSCT following reduced-intensity conditioning (n=97), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (n=110), chemotherapy (n=44), autologous HSCT (n=23), or no further treatment (n=366). Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens consisted of fludarabine combined with 2 Gy of total body irradiation (n=71), fludarabine with busulfan (n=10), or other regimens (n=16). A time-dependent analysis was done, in which allogeneic HSCT was compared with other types of post-remission therapy. The primary endpoint of the study was 5-year overall survival for all treatment groups, analysed by a time-dependent analysis. FINDINGS: 5-year overall survival was 35% (95% CI 25-44) for patients who received an allogeneic HSCT, 21% (17-26) for those who received no additional post-remission therapy, and 26% (19-33) for patients who received either additional chemotherapy or autologous HSCT. Overall survival at 5 years was strongly affected by the European LeukemiaNET acute myeloid leukaemia risk score, with patients in the favourable risk group (n=65) having better 5-year overall survival (56% [95% CI 43-67]) than those with intermediate-risk (n=131; 23% [19-27]) or adverse-risk (n=444; 13% [8-20]) acute myeloid leukaemia. Multivariable analysis with allogeneic HSCT as a time-dependent variable showed that allogeneic HSCT was associated with better 5-year overall survival (HR 0·71 [95% CI 0·53-0·95], p=0·017) compared with non-allogeneic HSCT post-remission therapies or no post-remission therapy, especially in patients with intermediate-risk (0·82 [0·58-1·15]) or adverse-risk (0.39 [0·21-0·73]) acute myeloid leukaemia. INTERPRETATION: Collectively, the results from these four trials suggest that allogeneic HSCT might be the preferred treatment approach in patients 60 years of age and older with intermediate-risk and adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission, but the comparative value should ideally be shown in a prospective randomised study. FUNDING: None.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Idoso , Aminoglicosídeos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Bussulfano/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Gemtuzumab , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão , Taxa de Sobrevida , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Vidarabina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
To investigate whether the type of programmed cell death of myelodysplastic erythroid cells depends on their cellular context, we performed studies on cells from patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. We compared erythroid cells (and their precursor cells) from the mononuclear cell fraction with those from the hematon fraction, which are compacted complexes of hematopoietic cells surrounded by their own micro-environment. In directly fixed materials, erythroblasts exhibited signs of autophagy with limited apoptosis (<3%) based on ultrastructural characteristics and immunogold labeling for activated caspase-3. After 24 h in culture, myelodysplastic erythroblasts exhibited a significant increase in apoptosis (22 ± 7% vs. 3 ± 2%, p = 0.001). In contrast, the myelodysplastic erythroblasts from the hematon fraction did not exhibit an increased tendency toward apoptosis after culture (7 ± 3.3% vs. 1.8 ± 2.3%), which was in line with results for normal bone marrow cells. The same dependency on the micro-environment was noted for immature erythroid progenitor cells. Myelodysplastic hematons exhibited distinct numbers of erythroid burst-forming units in association with an extensive network of stromal cells, whereas small numbers of erythroid burst-forming units were generated from the myelodysplastic mononuclear cells compared with normal mononuclear cells (10.2 ± 9 vs. 162 ± 125, p < 0.001). Co-culture of erythroid myelodysplastic cells in the presence of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor) or on the MS-5 stromal layer did not restore the expansion of erythroid precursor cells. These data indicate that surviving myelodysplastic erythroid progenitors become more vulnerable to programmed cell death when they are detached from their own micro-environment.
Assuntos
Células Precursoras Eritroides/fisiologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/fisiopatologia , Microambiente Tumoral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Apoptose , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Células Precursoras Eritroides/patologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Doença de Raynaud/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Doença de Raynaud/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In order to evaluate the potential for detection and identification of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) by exploiting their structural acoustic response, we carried out broadband monostatic scattering measurements over a full 360 degrees on UXO's (two mortar rounds, an artillery shell, and a rocket warhead) and false targets (a cinder block and a large rock). The measurement band, 1-140 kHz, includes a low frequency structural acoustics region in which the wavelengths are comparable to or larger than the target characteristic dimensions. In general, there are aspects that provide relatively high target strength levels ( approximately -10 to -15 dB), and from our experience the targets should be detectable in this structural acoustics band in most acoustic environments. The rigid body scattering was also calculated for one UXO in order to highlight the measured scattering features involving elastic responses. The broadband scattering data should be able to support feature-based separation of UXO versus false targets and identification of various classes of UXO as well.
RESUMO
Current theorizing suggests that critical lures in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure are often falsely remembered because they have received considerable relational processing (e.g., spreading activation or encoding of gist information). We used a repeated-testing paradigm to assess the amount of item-specific and relational processing given to the list items and the critical lures. Research has shown that items receiving item-specific processing are more likely to be recovered across successive tests. They are also output more slowly but more steadily throughout the recall period. In two experiments, we manipulated the processing performed on list items and then used item gains and cumulative recall curves to assess the amount of item-specific an drelational information encoded for both list items and lures. The results suggest that increasing the relational processing of list items increased item-specific processing of lures, whereas increasing item-specific processing of list items decreased item-specific processing of lures. We conclude that critical lures are typically rich in item-specific information, relative to list items.
Assuntos
Repressão Psicológica , Semântica , Humanos , Rememoração Mental , Testes PsicológicosRESUMO
Issues of drowning or near drowning in aquatic sporting have received considerable attention in the literature; however, there is not a lot of attention to nonsubmersion injuries such as water tubing. Water tubing is similar to water skiing but with much less control by the rider, leaving the rider at the mercy of the driver or any obstacle in their path. This report describes unusual events surrounding the injury of a 5-year-old boy enjoying water fun with his father on his boat. The importance of adequate safety precautions during aquatic recreational activities will also be highlighted.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Lesões Encefálicas , Carpas , Traumatismos Faciais , Esportes , Animais , Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico , Traumatismos em Atletas/etiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , Causalidade , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Traumatismos Faciais/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Ohio , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração , Navios , NataçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine if regional cooling reduces palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) associated with intravenous infusion of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). METHODS: A retrospective review over 3 years identified 20 women who were treated with single-agent intravenous PLD for recurrent ovarian carcinoma. During PLD infusion, patients kept ice packs around their wrists and ankles, and consumed iced liquids. These steps were continued for 24 h after completion of chemotherapy. All patients were instructed not to ingest hot food or liquids, to avoid contact with hot water, and to minimize friction on the hands and feet for 72 h posttreatment. RESULTS: Seventeen of the twenty patients (85%) followed the regional cooling protocol, and three of twenty (15%) did not. In the group who underwent regional cooling, 16/17 (94%) had none to mild PPE (grades 0-2), and 1/17 (6%) had moderate to severe PPE (grades 3-4). Of the three patients without regional cooling, 1/3 (33%) had grades 0-2 PPE and 2/3 (67%) had grades 3-4 PPE (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Regional cooling may reduce the frequency and severity of PPE associated with intravenous PLD infusion for recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Prospective, randomized evaluation is needed to confirm this observation.
Assuntos
Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/prevenção & controle , Eritema/prevenção & controle , Dermatoses do Pé/prevenção & controle , Dermatoses da Mão/prevenção & controle , Hipotermia Induzida , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Toxidermias/etiologia , Eritema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Dermatoses do Pé/induzido quimicamente , Dermatoses da Mão/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Idoso , Eletrólise , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
(3R)-7-Hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-[[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic) was identified as a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on JDTic analogues revealed that the 3R,4R stereochemistry of the 3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine core structure, the 3R attachment of the 7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and the 1S configuration of the 2-methylpropyl (isopropyl) group were all important to its kappa potency and selectivity. The results suggest that, like other kappa opioid antagonists such as nor-BNI and GNTI, JDTic requires a second basic amino group to express potent and selective kappa antagonist activity in the [(35)S]GTPgammaS functional assay. However, unlike previously reported kappa antagonists, JDTic also requires a second phenol group in rigid proximity to this second basic amino group. The potent and selective kappa antagonist properties of JDTic can be rationalized using the "message-address" concept wherein the (3R,4R)-3,4-dimethyl-4-(hydroxyphenyl)piperidinyl group represents the message, and the basic amino and phenol group in the N substituent constitutes the address. It is interesting to note the structural commonality (an amino and phenol groups) in both the message and address components of JDTic. The unique structural features of JDTic will make this compound highly useful in further characterization of the kappa receptor.