Trends on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth regimes and bioproducts.

The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model microorganism for several areas of study. Among the different microalgae species, it presents advantageous characteristics, such as genomes completely sequenced and well-established techniques for genetic transformation. Despite that, C. reinhardtii production is still not easily commercially viable, especially due to the low biomass yield. So far there are no reports of scientometric study focusing only on C. reinhardtii biomass production process. Considering the need for culture optimization, a scientometric research was conducted to analyze the papers that investigated the growth regimes effects in C. reinhardtii cultivation. The search resulted in 130 papers indexed on Web of Science and Scopus platforms from 1969 to December 2022. The quantitative analysis indicated that the photoautotrophic regime was the most employed in the papers. However, when comparing the three growth regimes, the mixotrophic one led to the highest production of biomass, lipids, and heterologous protein. The production of bioproducts was considered the main objective of most of the papers and, among them, biomass was the most frequently investigated. The highest biomass production reported among the papers was 40 g L-1 in the heterotrophic growth of a transgenic strain. Other culture conditions were also crucial for C. reinhardtii growth, for instance, temperature and cultivation process.

Crisis, fiscal austerity and food insecurity: associated factors, trends and spatial distribution via PNAD and POF / Crisis, austeridad fiscal e inseguridad alimentaria: factores asociados, tendencias y distribución espacial vía PNAD y POF / Crise, austeridade fiscal e insegurança alimentar: fatores associados, tendências e distribuição espacial via PNAD e POF

This study aims to identify and analyze factors associated with Food Insecurity (FI), trends and spatial distributions for geographical strata. The hypothesis of worsening of the outcome of severe FI, measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), in households as an effect of the crisis and/or the austerity policy, was investigated. The article involves studies with cross-sectional design and mixed ecological of spatio-temporal trends, based on 4 national IBGE surveys. It was adopted a weight calibration procedure according to population distribution by gender and age group, as well as estimation and modeling methods that incorporate effects of the sample design. Poisson regression with robust estimation of variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios of severe FI at the etiological level. For the ecological level, two multilevel modeling approaches were employed for repeated measures of strata: multiple log-log regression for associations; and, modeling of splines for trend estimation. The findings point to impacts of the current austerity, with changes in trends in the Bolsa Família Program and reflections on the increase in severe FI. It is projected an increase in FI and distance from the achievement of the SDG nº 2 in 2030 by Brazil, despite the success obtained in 2014 for MDG nº 1.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar los factores asociados a la Inseguridad Alimentaria (IF), tendencias y distribución espacial por estratos geográficos. Se investigó la hipótesis de empeoramiento del resultado de la IF severa, medida por la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA), en los hogares como efecto de la crisis y/o de la política de austeridad. El artículo trata de estudios con diseño transversal para análisis ecológicos transversales y mixtos de tendencias espacio-temporales, a partir de 4 encuestas nacionales del IBGE. Se adoptó un procedimiento de calibración de peso de acuerdo con la distribución por sexo y grupo de edad y métodos de estimación y modelado que incorporan efectos del diseño de la muestra. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimación robusta de la varianza para estimar los índices de prevalencia de la IA grave a nivel etiológico. Para el nivel ecológico, se emplearon dos enfoques de modelado multinivel para medidas repetidas de estratos: regresión logarítmica múltiple para asociaciones; y modelado de splines para la estimación de tendencias. Los hallazgos apuntan a impactos de la actual austeridad, con cambios de tendencia en el Programa Bolsa Família y reflejos sobre el aumento de la IF severa. Se proyecta un aumento de la IA y distancia de la consecución del objetivo nº 2 de los ODS en 2030 por parte de Brasil, a pesar del éxito obtenido en 2014 para el ODM nº 1.

Este estudo visa identificar e analisar fatores associados à Insegurança Alimentar (IA), tendências e distribuição espacial para estratos geográficos. Investigou-se a hipótese de piora do desfecho de IA grave, medido pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), nos domicílios como efeito da crise e/ou da política de austeridade. O artigo envolve estudos com desenho transversal para análises seccionais e ecológico misto de tendências espaço-temporais, a partir de 4 inquéritos nacionais do IBGE. Adotou-se procedimento de calibração dos pesos segundo distribuição por sexo e faixa etária e métodos de estimação e modelagem que incorporam efeitos do desenho amostral. A regressão de Poisson com estimação robusta de variância foi empregada para estimar razões de prevalências de IA grave em nível etiológico. Para o nível ecológico, empregou-se duas abordagens de modelagem multinível para medidas repetidas de estratos: regressão múltipla log-log para associações; e, modelagem de splines para estimação de tendências. Os achados apontam impactos da austeridade vigente, com mudanças de tendências no Programa Bolsa Família e reflexos sobre o aumento da IA grave. Projeta-se o aumento da IA e afastamento do alcance do objetivo nº 2 dos ODS em 2030 pelo Brasil, a despeito do sucesso obtido em 2014 para o ODM nº 1.

Reducing the risks of nuclear war - the role of health professionals

@#In January, 2023, the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the hands of the Doomsday Clock forward to 90’s before midnight, reflecting the growing risk of nuclear war.1 In August, 2022, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that the world is now in “a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War.2 The danger has been underlined by growing tensions between many nuclear armed states.1,3 As editors of health and medical journals worldwide, we call on health professionals to alert the public and our leaders to this major danger to public health and the essential life support systems of the planet—and urge action to prevent it.

Obtaining Bioproducts from the Studies of Signals and Interactions between Microalgae and Bacteria.

The applications of microalgae biomass have been widely studied worldwide. The classical processes used in outdoor cultivations of microalgae, in closed or open photobioreactors, occur in the presence of bacteria. Understanding how communication between cells occurs through quorum sensing and evaluating co-cultures allows the production of microalgae and cyanobacteria to be positively impacted by bacteria, in order to guarantee safety and profitability in the production process. In addition, the definition of the effects that occur during an interaction, promotes insights to improve the production of biomolecules, and to develop innovative products. This review presents the interactions between microalgae and bacteria, including compounds exchanges and communication, and addresses the development of new pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food bioproducts from microalgae based on these evaluations, such as prebiotics, vegan skincare products, antimicrobial compounds, and culture media with animal free protein for producing vaccines and other biopharmaceutical products. The use of microalgae as raw biomass or in biotechnological platforms is in line with the fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Mortality from chronic respiratory disease in Brazil: time trend and forecasts.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend of monthly mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases in Brazil from 1996 to 2017, with forecasts for 2022, besides analyzing the possibility of achieving the goal of the Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil (Strategic Action Plan to Tackle Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil) from 2011 to 2022. METHODS: This is an ecological study that uses data from Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System), Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas (Demographic and Socioeconomic Information System) and Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua - Continuous National Household Sample Survey). We established the age range between 30 and 69 years old and the evolution of the rates over time was made by autoregressive integrated moving average models in R statistical tool. RESULTS: Premature mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases are decreasing in Brazil as a whole, mostly in state capitals. There is also a trend to reach the Ministry of Health's goal in most of the country. For capitals that tend not to reach the goal, there is an association between mortality and social indicators, healthcare network and frequency of smoking. CONCLUSION: This study intends to improve planning of the public health system for the control of chronic respiratory diseases.

Precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes patients at a tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study with a two-time-period comparison.

Objective: To evaluate the precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes hospitalized through the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Materials and methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes hospitalized for DKA from January 2005 to March 2010 (first period [P1], n = 75) and from April 2010 to January 2017 (second period [P2], n = 97) were identified through a query of electronic medical records. Data were collected by reviewing medical records. Only the first hospitalization of each participant in each period was included. Results: In P2, 44 patients (45.4%) were women, mean age was 26.2 ± 14.5 years, and 74 patients (76.3%) had a previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Only 1 patient had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) below 64 mmol/mol (8.0%). Most patients (62.2%) had had a previous episode of DKA. In P1, non-adherence was the main cause of DKA (38.7%), followed by infection (24.0%). In P2, these rates were 34.0% and 24.7%, respectively; no statistical difference was observed between the two study periods (p = 0.790). Conclusion: Over time, non-adherence remained the main precipitating factor of DKA, followed by infection, and no significant difference was observed between the two study periods. Elevated HbA1c, outside the therapeutic range, indicates suboptimal diabetes care and may explain, at least in part, poor adherence as a precipitating factor of decompensation. Health strategies, such as improved self-management of type 1 diabetes, may contribute to a future reduction in DKA episodes.

Number of teeth lost on diet quality and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the oral health profile and evaluate the impact of tooth loss on diet quality and glycemic control among 66 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated in an endocrinology outpatient clinic at a teaching hospital. METHODS: Questionnaires about diabetes self-care (SDSCA), masticatory ability, diet quality, anxiety level about dental treatment, and oral health were applied. Laboratory tests were retrieved from medical records or newly collected samples. RESULTS: The presence of fewer than 21 teeth was associated with an unsatisfactory self-perceived masticatory ability (r = 0.44; p = 0.007). Most participants reported not having received guidance on oral health from their endocrinologists (81.8%) and having had the last visit to the dentist 2 years or more before the study (36.8%). The mean HbA1c level in the group with fewer than 21 teeth was comparable to that in the group with functional dentition (8.9 ± 1.5 and 8.7 ± 1.6%, respectively; p = 0.60). CONCLUSION: Adults with T2DM have a high prevalence of tooth loss and lack of information about oral hygiene care. Our results reinforce the need for more effective communication between medical and dental care teams.

Mortality from chronic respiratory disease in Brazil: time trend and forecasts / Mortalidade por doença respiratória crônica no Brasil: tendência temporal e projeções

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the time trend of monthly mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases in Brazil from 1996 to 2017, with forecasts for 2022, besides analyzing the possibility of achieving the goal of the Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil (Strategic Action Plan to Tackle Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil) from 2011 to 2022. METHODS This is an ecological study that uses data from Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System), Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas (Demographic and Socioeconomic Information System) and Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua - Continuous National Household Sample Survey). We established the age range between 30 and 69 years old and the evolution of the rates over time was made by autoregressive integrated moving average models in R statistical tool. RESULTS Premature mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases are decreasing in Brazil as a whole, mostly in state capitals. There is also a trend to reach the Ministry of Health's goal in most of the country. For capitals that tend not to reach the goal, there is an association between mortality and social indicators, healthcare network and frequency of smoking. CONCLUSION This study intends to improve planning of the public health system for the control of chronic respiratory diseases.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal das taxas mensais de mortalidade por doenças respiratórias crônicas no Brasil de 1996 até 2017, com projeções para 2022, além de analisar a possibilidade de cumprimento da meta do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil de 2011 até 2022. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo ecológico que utiliza dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, do Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas e da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua. O recorte etário foi estabelecido entre 30 e 69 anos e a evolução das taxas no tempo foi feita por meio de modelos autorregressivos integrados de média móvel em plataforma estatística R. RESULTADOS As taxas de mortalidade precoce por doenças respiratórias crônicas apresentam-se decrescentes no Brasil como um todo e na maior parte das capitais, assim como, há tendência a atingir a meta do Ministério da Saúde na maior parte do país. Para capitais que tendem a não atingir a meta, verifica-se associação entre mortalidade e indicadores sociais, rede assistencial de saúde e frequência do tabagismo. CONCLUSÃO Pretende-se que o estudo possibilite um melhor planejamento do sistema público de saúde para o controle das doenças respiratórias crônicas.

Semicontinuous system for the production of recombinant mCherry protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Biotechnology advances have allowed bacteria, yeasts, plants, mammalian and insect cells to function as heterologous protein expression systems. Recently, microalgae have gained attention as an innovative platform for recombinant protein production, due to low culture media cost, compared to traditional systems, as well as the fact that microalgae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are considered safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Previous studies showed that recombinant protein production in traditional platforms by semicontinuous process increased biomass and bio product productivity, when compared to batch process. As there is a lack of studies on semicontinuous process for recombinant protein production in microalgae, the production of recombinant mCherry fluorescent protein was evaluated by semicontinuous cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in bubble column photobioreactor. This semicontinuous cultivation process was evaluated in the following conditions: 20%, 40%, and 60% culture portion withdrawal. The highest culture withdrawal percentage (60%) provided the best results, as an up to 161% increase in mCherry productivity (454.5 RFU h-1 - Relative Fluorescence Unit h-1 ), in comparison to batch cultivation (174.0 RFU h-1 ) of the same strain. All cultivations were carried out for 13 days, at pH 7, temperature 25°C and, by semicontinuous process, two culture withdrawals were taken during the cultivations. Throughout the production cycles, it was possible to obtain biomass concentration up to 1.36 g L-1 .

(Bio)Technological aspects of microalgae pigments for cosmetics.

Photosynthetic microorganisms convert carbon dioxide and solar radiation into interesting bioactive compounds not yet entirely explored. Several species of microalgae are known to be rich in colored high-valuable components that, although remarkable, are poorly explored as natural sources of pigments for cosmetics. Pigments associated to photosynthetic activity include chlorophyll, ß-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins, many of which have shown high potential as cosmetic actives due to their antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the last decade, concern with a young and beautiful appearance has emerged, encouraging many consumers to use anti-aging cosmetics daily. As a result, the cosmetic market has been growing and evolving rapidly to meet consumer expectations. However, due to regular use and the sensitive nature of facial skin, local adverse reactions may often occur, such as irritation, sensitization, or photoreactions, and safety evaluation is mandatory prior to marketing. It is, therefore, understandable that new actives from natural sources, such as microalgae, are perceived as attractive alternatives for consumers who seek ingredients without allergenic potential. Thus, the cosmetic industry has recently started to explore the inclusion of compounds extracted from microalgae and cyanobacteria in innovative formulations. Herein, we revised nontraditional microalgae species for pigment production with cosmetic applications, indicating those that could also be considered potential ingredients for innovative cosmetics. KEY POINTS: • Extraction methods for pigments from photosynthetic microorganisms were compiled. • Innovative cosmeceuticals could be developed with natural pigments. • Safety features of such natural pigments were also described.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Data were collected on 2,857 blood donors from April 14 to 27, 2020. This study reports crude prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, population weighted prevalence for the state, and prevalence adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. Logistic regression models were used to establish the correlates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. For the analysis, we considered collection period and site, sociodemographic characteristics, and place of residence. RESULTS The proportion of positive tests for SARS-Cov-2, without any adjustment, was 4.0% (95%CI 3.3-4.7%), and the weighted prevalence was 3.8% (95%CI 3.1-4.5%). We found lower estimates after adjusting for test sensitivity and specificity: 3.6% (95%CI 2.7-4.4%) for the non-weighted prevalence, and 3.3% (95%CI 2.6-4.1%) for the weighted prevalence. Collection period was the variable most significantly associated with crude prevalence: the later the period, the higher the prevalence. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, the younger the blood donor, the higher the prevalence, and the lower the education level, the higher the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 antibody. We found similar results for weighted prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings comply with some basic premises: the increasing trend over time, as the epidemic curve in the state is still on the rise; and the higher prevalence among both the youngest, for moving around more than older age groups, and the less educated, for encountering more difficulties in following social distancing recommendations. Despite the study limitations, we may infer that Rio de Janeiro is far from reaching the required levels of herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 among voluntary blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Background: In Brazil, mathematical models for deriving estimates and projections of COVID-19 cases have been developed without data on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Data were collected on 2,857 blood donors from April 14 to 27, 2020. We report the crude prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the weighted prevalence by the total state population, and adjusted prevalence estimates for test sensitivity and specificity. To establish the correlates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, we used logistic regression models. The analysis included period and site of blood collection, sociodemographic characteristics, and place of residence. Results: The proportion of SARS-Cov-2 positive tests without any adjustment was 4.0% (95% CI 3.3-4.7%), and the weighted prevalence was 3.8% (95% CI 3.1-4.5%). Further adjustment by test sensitivity and specificity produced lower estimates, 3.6% (95% CI 2.7-4.4%) and 3.3% (95% CI 2.6-4.1%), respectively. The variable most significantly associated with the crude prevalence was the period of blood collection: the later the period, the higher the prevalence. Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the younger the blood donors, the higher the prevalence, and the lower the educational level, the higher the odds of a positive SARS-Cov-2 antibody. Similar results were found for the weighted prevalence. Discussion: Although our findings resulted from a convenience sample, they match some basic premises: the increasing trend over time, since the epidemic curve in the state is still on the rise; the higher prevalence among the youngest who are more likely to circulate; and the higher prevalence among the less educated as they have more difficulties in following the social distancing recommendations. Despite the study limitations, it is possible to infer that protective levels of natural herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are far from being reached in Rio de Janeiro.

Digital image-based tracing of geographic origin, winemaker, and grape type for red wine authentication.

This work proposes the development of a simple, fast, and inexpensive methodology based on color histograms (obtained from digital images), and supervised pattern recognition techniques to classify red wines produced in the São Francisco Valley (SFV) region to trace geographic origin, winemaker, and grape variety. PCA-LDA coupled with HSI histograms correctly differentiated all of the SFV samples from the other geographic regions in the test set; SPA-LDA selecting just 10 variables in the Grayscale + HSI histogram achieved 100% accuracy in the test set when classifying three different SFV winemakers. Regarding the three grape varieties, SPA-LDA selected 15 variables in the RGB histogram to obtain the best result, misclassifying only 2 samples in the test set. Pairwise grape variety classification was also performed with only 1 misclassification. Besides following the principles of Green Chemistry, the proposed methodology is a suitable analytical tool; for tracing origins, grape type, and even (SFV) winemakers.

Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 among voluntary blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Background: In Brazil, mathematical models for derivingestimates and projections of COVID-19 cases have been developed without data on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Data were collected on 2,857 blood donors from April 14 to 27, 2020. We report the crude prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the weighted prevalence by the total state population, and adjusted prevalence estimates for test sensitivity and specificity. To establish the correlates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, we used logistic regression models. The analysis included period and site of blood collection, sociodemographic characteristics, and place of residence. Results: The proportion of SARS-Cov-2 positive tests without any adjustment was 4.0% (95% CI 3.3-4.7%), and the weighted prevalence was 3.8% (95% CI 3.1-4.5%). Further adjustment by test sensitivity and specificity produced lower estimates, 3.6% (95% CI 2.7-4.4%) and 3.3% (95% CI 2.6-4.1%), respectively. The variable most significantly associated with the crude prevalence was the period of blood collection: the later the period, the higher the prevalence. Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the younger the blood donors, the higher the prevalence, and the lower the educational level, the higher the odds of a positive SARS-Cov-2 antibody. Similar results were found for the weighted prevalence. Discussion: Although our findings resulted from a convenience sample, they match some basic premises: the increasing trend over time, since the epidemic curve in the state is still on the rise; the higher prevalence among the youngest who are more likely to circulate; and the higher prevalence among the less educated as they have more difficulties in following the social distancing recommendations. Despite the study limitations, it is possible to infer that protective levels of natural herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are far from being reached in Rio de Janeiro. (AU)

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Data were collected on 2,857 blood donors from April 14 to 27, 2020. This study reports crude prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, population weighted prevalence for the state, and prevalence adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. Logistic regression models were used to establish the correlates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. For the analysis, we considered collection period and site, sociodemographic characteristics, and place of residence. RESULTS The proportion of positive tests for SARS-Cov-2, without any adjustment, was 4.0% (95%CI 3.3-4.7%), and the weighted prevalence was 3.8% (95%CI 3.1-4.5%). We found lower estimates after adjusting for test sensitivity and specificity: 3.6% (95%CI 2.7-4.4%) for the non-weighted prevalence, and 3.3% (95%CI 2.6-4.1%) for the weighted prevalence. Collection period was the variable most significantly associated with crude prevalence: the later the period, the higher the prevalence. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, the younger the blood donor, the higher the prevalence, and the lower the education level, the higher the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 antibody. We found similar results for weighted prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings comply with some basic premises: the increasing trend over time, as the epidemic curve in the state is still on the rise; and the higher prevalence among both the youngest, for moving around more than older age groups, and the less educated, for encountering more difficulties in following social distancing recommendations. Despite the study limitations, we may infer that Rio de Janeiro is far from reaching the required levels of herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Potential of Microalgae Carotenoids for Industrial Application.

Microalgae cultivation, when compared to the growth of higher plants, presents many advantages such as faster growth, higher biomass productivity, and smaller land area requirement for cultivation. For this reason, microalgae are an alternative platform for carotenoid production when compared to the traditional sources. Currently, commercial microalgae production is not well developed but, fortunately, there are several studies aiming to make the large-scale production feasible by, for example, employing different cultivation systems. This review focuses on the main carotenoids from microalgae, comparing them to the traditional sources, as well as a critical analysis about different microalgae cultivation regimes that are currently available and applicable for carotenoid accumulation. Throughout this review paper, we present relevant information about the main commercial microalgae carotenoid producers; the comparison between carotenoid content from food, vegetables, fruits, and microalgae; and the great importance and impact of these molecule applications, such as in food (nutraceuticals and functional foods), cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, feed (colorants and additives), and healthcare area. Lastly, the different operating systems applied to these photosynthetic cultivations are critically discussed, and conclusions and perspectives are made concerning the best operating system for acquiring high cell densities and, consequently, high carotenoid accumulation.

Desfecho perinatal em gestantes usuárias de drogas atendidas em um centro especializado [title language="en"]Perinatal outcomes in pregnant drug users attended at a specialized center / Los resultados perinatales en mujeres embarazadas usuarios de drogas en un centro especializado / xxxx

OBJETIVO: analisar as repercussões perinatais do uso de drogas por gestantes atendidas em um ambulatório de alto risco. MÉTODO: estudo caso-controle, no qual foram avaliados 920 prontuários, no período de 2012-2013. O grupo caso foi constituído pelas gestantes usuárias de drogas lícitas/ilícitas (41) e o controle por gestantes de risco não usuárias (82). RESULTADOS: as gestantes usuárias apresentaram risco aumentado para prematuridade (RR=2,64, p=0,02), baixo peso ao nascer (RR=5,42, p=0,01) e baixo índice de Apgar no 1º minuto (RR=2,97, p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicam que gestantes usuárias de drogas apresentam desfechos perinatais desfavoráveis à gestação.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the perinatal repercussions of drug use by pregnant women treated in a high risk outpatient clinic. METHOD: a case-control study in which 920 medical records were evaluated in the period 2012-2013. The case group consisted of pregnant women who used licit/illicit drugs (41) and the control group of non-user pregnant women (82). RESULTS: pregnant women using drugs presented increased risk for prematurity (RR = 2.64, p = 0.02), low birth weight (RR = 5.42, p = 0.01) and low one-minute Apgar score (RR = 2.97, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: the results indicate that pregnant women who use drugs have unfavorable perinatal outcomes during gestation.

OBJETIVO: analizar los resultados perinatales de consumo de drogas por mujeres embarazadas en una clínica de alto riesgo. MÉTODO: estudio de casos y controles, que evaluó 920 registros médicos, en 2012-2013. El grupo de casos estaba compuesto de las mujeres embarazadas que drogas lícitas/ilegales (41) y el control del riesgo de las mujeres embarazadas no consumidores (82). RESULTADOS: las mujeres embarazadas que se encontraban en mayor riesgo de parto prematuro (RR = 2,64, p = 0,02), bajo peso al nacer (RR = 5,42, p = 0,01) y la puntuación de Apgar baja a 1 minuto (RR = 2,97, p = 0,01). CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados indican que las mujeres embarazadas que tienen las drogas adversos del embarazo los resultados perinatales.