Nutritional profile of women assisted by the program of Family Health Strategy in Maranhão State, Brazil / Perfil nutricional de mulheres atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família Maranhão, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Inadequate diet, whether due to excess or insufficient calories and nutrients, results in health risk situations as well as inadequate nutritional profile. The presence of nutritional deficiencies is more visible in women and, therefore, is more likely to reflect the risks of such deficiencies. Knowing the profile of the nutritional status of the female population of Maranhão, Brazil, which provide evidence of the nutritional status of their families, may support the creation of specific actions to combat eating problems and, consequently, improve their healthOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional profile and its relationship with social determinants in a population of women attended by the program of Family Health Strategy in MaranhãoMETHODS: Cross-sectional study with 989 women aged 15 to 49 years, carried out during July to September 2010. Socioeconomic data were collected through a questionnaire, in addition it was applied of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale to know the level of food insecurity. Body mass index (BMI) and hip and waist circumference measurements were obtained to verify the nutritional profile. The variables were analyzed for frequencies, distribution and central tendency. Bivariate analysis was performed as to the associations between socioeconomic variables and BMI. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used between the food safety score and the BMI, adopting a significance level of 5%. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performedRESULTS: It was found a relationship between the BMI classification with some social determinants such as age, family income and food insecurity. There is a high prevalence of women at nutritional risk, especially for overweight and obesity, as well as the presence of thinness and short statureCONCLUSION: Socioeconomic factors have a significant association with women's Body Mass Index indicating that there is an important relationship between age-matched maternal Body Mass Index and food insecurity

INTRODUÇÃO: A alimentação inadequada, seja por excesso ou insuficiência de calorias e nutrientes, resulta em situações de risco à saúde assim como inadequações do perfil nutricional. A presença de deficiências nutricionais é mais visível em mulheres e, portanto, existe maior probabilidade de refletir os riscos de tais deficiências. . Conhecer o perfil do estado nutricional da população feminina do Maranhão, que retratar o estado nutricional de suas família, podendo auxiliar na criação de ações específicas no combate aos problemas alimentares e, consequentemente, de saúdeOBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil nutricional e sua relação com determinantes sociais em população de mulheres maranhenses atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da FamíliaMÉTODO: Estudo de corte transversal com 989 mulheres maranhenses com idade entre 15 e 49 anos, de julho a setembro de 2010. Por meio de questionário foram coletados dados para verificação das condições socioeconômicas, além da aplicação da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar para verificar o nível de insegurança alimentar. Índice de Massa Corporal e as medidas de circunferências de quadril e cintura foram obtidas para verificar o perfil nutricional. . As variáveis foram analisadas quanto a frequências, distribuição e tendência central. Foi realizada a análise bivariada quanto às associações entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e o Índice de Massa Corporal. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre o escore de segurança alimentar e o Índice de Massa Corporal, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. A análise de regressão linear de múltiplas variáveis foi realizadaRESULTADOS: Houve relação entre a classificação do Índice de Massa Corporal das mulheres com determinantes sociais como idade, renda familiar e insegurança alimentar. Observa-se prevalência elevada de mulheres em risco nutricional, principalmente para sobrepeso e obesidade, embora se observe ainda a presença de magreza e de baixa estaturaCONCLUSÃO: Os fatores socioeconômicos tem associação significante ao Índice de Massa Corporal das mulheres indicando que existe uma importante relação entre Índice de Massa Corporal materno com idade e a situação de insegurança alimentar

Slow breathing influences cardiac autonomic responses to postural maneuver: Slow breathing and HRV.

Chronic slow breathing has been reported to improve Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in patients with cardiovascular disorders. However, it is not clear regarding its acute effects on HRV responses on autonomic analysis. We evaluated the acute effects of slow breathing on cardiac autonomic responses to postural change manoeuvre (PCM). The study was conducted on 21 healthy male students aged between 18 and 35 years old. In the control protocol, the volunteer remained at rest seated for 15 min under spontaneous breathing and quickly stood up within 3 s and remained standing for 15 min. In the slow breathing protocol, the volunteer remained at rest seated for 10 min under spontaneous breath, then performed slow breathing for 5 min and rapidly stood up within 3 s and remained standing for 15 min. Slow breathing intensified cardiac autonomic responses to postural maneuver.

Individual and social vulnerabilities upon acquiring tuberculosis: a literature systematic review.

Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease mainly caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that still meets the priority criteria - high magnitude, transcendence and vulnerability - due to the threat it poses to public health. When taking into consideration the vulnerability conditions that favor the onset of the disease, this article aimed to investigate the implications originated from individual and social vulnerability conditions in which tuberculosis patients are inserted. Databases like MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO were searched in Portuguese, Spanish and English using the descriptors tuberculosis and vulnerability, and 183 articles were found. After the selection criterion was applied, there were 22 publications left to be discussed. Some of the aspects that characterize the vulnerability to tuberculosis are: low-income and low-education families, age, poor living conditions, chemical dependency, pre-existing conditions/aggravations like diabetes mellitus and malnutrition, indigenous communities, variables related to health professionals, intense border crossings and migration, difficulty in accessing information and health services and lack of knowledge on tuberculosis. Much as such aspects are present and favor the onset of the disease, several reports show high incidence rates of tuberculosis in low vulnerability places, suggesting that some factors related to the disease are still unclear. In conclusion, health promotion is important in order to disfavor such conditions or factors of vulnerability to tuberculosis, making them a primary target in the public health planning process and disease control.

An exploration of heart rate response to differing music rhythm and tempos.

The aim of this study was to investigate acute cardiac response and heart rate variability (HRV) when listening to differing forms of music. Eleven healthy men aged between 18 and 25 years old were included in the study. HRV was recorded at rest for ten minutes with no music, then were asked to listen to classical baroque or heavy metal music for a period of 20 min. It was noted that heart rate variability did not affect HRV indices for time and frequency. In conclusion, music with different tempos does not influence cardiac autonomic regulation in men. However more studies are suggested to explore this topic in greater detail.

Chest and neck mobilization effects on spirometric responses in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the effects of chest and neck mobilization on spirometric parameters in healthy subjects. METHODS: We conducted an observational, quantitative, and experimental study in a sample of 100 healthy subjects. We evaluated spirometric parameters before and after pompage mobilization techniques. Three techniques were used, and each technique was performed 6 times. RESULTS: Forced vital capacity (3.4 ± 0.1 L vs 3.5 ± 0.1 L), forced expiratory volume at the first second (3.2 ± 0.09 L vs 3.3 ± 0.09 L), and peak expiratory flow (6.4 ± 0.27 L/s vs 6.6 ± 0.25 L/s) were significantly increased after mobilization (P < .0001), whereas Tiffeneau index (94% ± 1% vs 6% ± 0.2%) was decreased (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Chest and neck mobilization techniques used in this study improved spirometric parameters in a group of young and healthy subjects.