Skene's gland duct cyst: three cases in female newborns.

Skene's gland duct cysts are benign, asymptomatic bulging interlabial masses that are rarely identified in female newborns. The aetiology is unknown, but it is commonly associated with in utero maternal oestrogen exposure or obstruction or stenosis of the gland duct. We report three unrelated cases of neonatal Skene's gland duct cysts that resolved spontaneously without the need for surgical intervention.

Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Fed with Pelvetia canaliculata-Supplemented Diets: An Insight towards the Valorization of Seaweed Biomass.

Seaweeds are a sustainable source of protein and lipids that may be used to replace fish by-products in aquaculture feed. This study aimed at using the macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata as an ingredient in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) feed, either as freeze-dried powder or as algae residue (waste) that was obtained after the supplementation of sunflower oil. The formulated diets and the fish muscle were analyzed concerning the proximate composition and the fatty acid profile. The health lipid indices hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H), atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI), as well as n-3/n-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios were calculated. Additionally, the peroxidizability index (PI) was determined. No differences were observed in the proximate composition of fish muscle regardless of the diet used. Fish fed a diet supplemented with 10% of algae waste (W10) stand out for the highest content in oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), and the lowest in both linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids. All fish samples showed values of health lipid indices within the limits recommend for a nutritional balanced diet. These results highlight that fish fed diets supplemented with P. canaliculata are sources of healthy lipids that might be consumed on a regular basis to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Comportamento alimentar de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista / Eating behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento alimentar de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 21 crianças e adolescentes com TEA, na faixa etária de 2 a 14 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre o comportamento alimentar com os 21 pais e/ou responsáveis das crianças. Esse instrumento é composto por 53 questões, distribuídas nas seguintes categorias: Motricidade na mastigação; Seletividade alimentar; Aspectos comportamentais; Sintomas gastrointestinais; Sensibilidade sensorial e Habilidades nas refeições. Resultados: A análise dos dados obtidos revela que as crianças com TEA apresentaram maiores alterações no comportamento alimentar nas categorias Seletividade alimentar (34,4%), Aspectos comportamentais (27,1%) e Motricidade na mastigação (21,9%). E houve correlação entre a categoria Motricidade na mastigação com todas as outras categorias. Houve também correlação entre seletividade alimentar com aspectos comportamentais e aspectos comportamentais com sensibilidade sensorial e habilidades nas refeições. Conclusão: Portanto, é possível observar que, no comportamento alimentar de crianças e adolescentes com TEA, há uma tendência a seletividade alimentar, comportamentos habituais durante as refeições e dificuldades motoras no que se refere à mastigação e à ingestão dos alimentos.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze feeding behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: Twenty-one children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated in this study, aged 2 to 14 years old, of both sexes. A questionnaire on feeding behavior was applied to the 21 parents and/or responsible of the children. This instrument consists of 53 questions, distributed in the following categories: Motricity in chewing; Food selectivity; Behavioral aspects; Gastrointestinal symptoms; Sensory sensitivity and Skills in meals. Results: The analysis of the data obtained reveals that children with ASD showed greater changes in eating behavior in the categories Food selectivity (34.4%), Behavioral aspects (27.1%) and Motricity in mastication (21.9%). And there was a correlation between the chewing motricity category with all other categories. There was also a correlation between food selectivity with behavioral aspects and behavioral aspects with sensory sensitivity and mealtime skills. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to observe that in the eating behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder there is a tendency towards food selectivity, habitual behaviors during meals and motor difficulties with regard to chewing and food intake.

Escalas validadas para avaliação das fezes: revisão integrativa / Validated scales for stool assessment: integrative review

Introdução: A eliminação intestinal é uma necessidade fisiológica humana básica, que deve ser considerada e avaliada em toda a assistência prestada pelos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: identificar as escalas validadas utilizadas na atualidade para avaliação das fezes em adultos e idosos. Método: revisão integrativa, protocolada na plataforma Open Science Framework, cujo registro está disponível sob o DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9CTMB, que incluiu estudos primários publicados na íntegra, que utilizaram escalas para avaliação de fezes, publicados nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol, no período de janeiro de 2001 a julho de 2021. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL e EMBASE em 16 de julho de 2021. Em seguida, as referências identificadas foram exportadas para o aplicativo Rayyan para remoção das duplicatas, seleção e avaliação dos estudos por dois revisores de forma independente e mascarada; os casos de divergência foram avaliados por um terceiro revisor. As evidências foram sintetizadas de forma descritiva. Resultados: a busca nas bases de dados resultou em 1.567 estudos. Após o processo de seleção e leitura na íntegra, 353 estudos foram considerados nesta revisão, dos quais 339 utilizaram escalas validadas (333 estudos utilizaram a Escala de Bristol e seis outras escalas) e 14 escalas não validadas. Também se verificou aumento na quantidade de publicações que avaliaram a consistência das fezes a partir do ano de 2015. Após a leitura dos 353 estudos, foram identificadas cinco escalas validadas: Escala de Forma das Fezes de Bristol, King's Stool Chart, Escala de consistência das fezes segundo Anastasi e Capili (2001) e Hansen (1981), Escala pictórica validada do Diarrhea Questionnaire e a ferramenta de avaliação fecal de Ohno. Conclusão: foram identificadas cinco escalas validadas e utilizadas nos últimos 20 anos para avaliação das fezes. Adicionalmente, os dados mostraram aumento mundial do uso das escalas e a necessidade de desenvolvimento de uma escala para avaliação das fezes com estudos de validação mais robustos

Introduction: Bowel elimination is a basic human physiological need, which must be considered and evaluated in all care provided by health professionals. Aim: to identify the validated scales used to assess stool in adults and the elderly. Method: an integrative review, registered on the Open Science Framework platform and available under DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/9CTMB, which included primary studies published in full that used scales for stool assessment, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, between January 2001 and July 2021. Searches of the PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, and EMBASE electronic databases were performed on July 16, 2021. Afterward, the identified references were exported to the Rayyan application for removal of duplicates, selection, and independent and masked evaluation of studies by two reviewers; cases of divergence were evaluated by a third reviewer. The evidence was synthesized descriptively. Results: the database search resulted in 1,567 studies. After the selection process and reading in full, 353 studies were considered in this review. Of these 353, 339 used validated scales (333 studies used the Bristol Scale and six studies used other scales) and 14 studies used non-validated scales. There was also an increase in the number of publications that evaluated stool consistency from the year 2015. After reading the 353 studies, five validated scales were identified: Bristol Stool Form Scale, King's Stool Chart, Stool Consistency Scale according to Anastasi and Capili (2001) and Hansen (1981), the Diarrhea Questionnaire's validated pictorial scale, and Ohno's fecal assessment tool. Conclusion: Five validated scales were identified and used in the last 20 years for stool assessment. Additionally, the data showed a worldwide increase in the use of scales and the need to develop a scale to assess stool with more robust validation studies

Potential use of macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Health benefits from a sustainable source.

Seaweeds still possess a large undisclosed potential, mainly due to their constituent's richness, which may have several uses for society. In aquaculture, they may play a role as an ecological sustainable aquafeed supplement to increase overall health and fight pathogenic outbreaks. This study aimed to evaluate the general health modulation that the inclusion of Gracilaria gracilis could accomplish in the diet of Dicentrarchus labrax. Dried algae at 2.5% and 5% and algal extract at 0.35% inclusion levels were supplemented to seabass diet to evaluate possible growth, haematological, immunological, antioxidant, metabolic, and intestinal morphological modulations. The supplementations did not impact growth or feed utilization, and barely affected the haematological profile and some metabolic parameters. Nevertheless, it caused a marked outcome on lysozyme, some oxidative stress biomarkers, and intestine morphology, suggesting beneficial consequences from the algal inclusion. Dried algae powder, with a 2.5% inclusion, boosted immune response, with higher plasmatic lysozyme and intestinal acid goblet cells and protected against oxidative damages by improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses. Thus, we provide evidence that dietary seaweed application may be a path towards a more sustainable aquaculture industry.