RESUMO
Described are functions, models and approaches of software tool Emergency Source Term code (ESTE), which is decision support system for crisis staff in case of nuclear or radiological accidents. The first task of ESTE in emergency situation at nuclear facility is to evaluate state of reactor core or state of fuel in spent fuel pool, on the base of state of barriers which should prevent the release of radionuclides to the environment. The main task is to prepare outputs, which can be utilised for recommendation of protective measures. Measures include sheltering, iodine prophylaxis and evacuation inside the emergency planning zone and potentially beyond the zone. The paper summarizes approaches of ESTE, including dispersion models and reverse modeling approach applied for estimation of real release to the atmosphere of the environment. Compared are intervention levels implemented in ESTE for urgent measures in Slovakia, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Iran and Austria.
Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Planejamento em Desastres/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Software , Atmosfera , Humanos , Centrais Nucleares , Proteção Radiológica , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco/métodos , Gestão da SegurançaRESUMO
Described are models and approaches of the software tool ESTE Annual Impacts, a system for analyzes of radiological impacts of operational discharges to the atmosphere and hydrosphere from nuclear facilities. As a result, evaluated are radiological impacts to the population (to representative person and collective doses) and the environment (plants and animals). Described are models applied for calculation of dispersion in the atmosphere and hydrosphere (river, dam, sea). Method of application of sea currents for dispersion calculation in marine environment is also presented. The system is used by operators of the operated and decommissioned nuclear facilities at the site Bohunice (Slovakia), by regulatory authority of the Czech Republic for facilities at the sites Dukovany and Temelín and by operator of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant (Iran). In addition, the system is tool for analyses of environmental impacts assessments, applied in environmental impacts assessments process for newly prepared nuclear sources in Slovakia and Czech Republic.
