Óbitos por neoplasia maligna do colo do útero registrados no SIH/SUS entre 2013 e 2022 / Deaths from Malignant Neoplasms of the Cervix Registered in the SIH/SUS between 2013 and 2022

O impacto que a neoplasia maligna do colo do útero tem na população mundial e em políticas públicas é notório. Vide a importância do assunto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o número de óbitos por neoplasia maligna do colo do útero segundo local de residência, local de internação e faixa etária, no período de 2013 a 2022 registrados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS - SIH/SUS. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada em Sistemas de Informação hospedados no DATASUS/TABNET. Os resultados revelaram uma discrepância no número de óbitos nos estados brasileiros quando comparados o local de internação e o local de residência. A faixa etária com maior número de óbitos foi registrada dos 50 a 54 anos; tendo a pandemia da COVID-19 impactado na redução dos registros nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Conclui-se que a neoplasia maligna do colo do útero representa um desafio para a saúde pública no Brasil, com aumento do número de óbitos registrados ao longo dos anos, embora isso possa ser influenciado por fatores como densidade populacional e qualidade dos registros. Observou-se disparidade entre óbitos por internação e óbitos por residência entre estados, indicando a necessidade de estratégias específicas de prevenção e controle, além de análises mais abrangentes considerando outras fontes de informação e fatores contribuintes para essas diferenças.

The impact of malignant cervical neoplasms on the global population and public policies is notable. Given the importance of this issue, the objective of this article is to analyze the number of deaths from malignant cervical neoplasms by place of residence and place of hospitalization and age group during the period from 2013 to 2022, as recorded in the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH/SUS). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed using Information Systems hosted on DATASUS/TABNET. The results revealed discrepancies in the number of deaths across Brazilian states when comparing the place of hospitalization and place of residence. The age group with the highest number of deaths was recorded from 50 to 54 years; the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the reduction in records in 2020 and 2021. It is concluded that malignant cervical neoplasm represents a challenge for public health in Brazil, with an increase in the number of deaths recorded over the years, although this may be influenced by factors such as population density and the quality of records. Disparities between deaths by hospitalization and deaths by residence among states were observed, indicating the need for specific prevention and control strategies, as well as more comprehensive analyses considering other sources of information and contributing factors to these differences.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of a New Geometric Approach to Implant Guidance.

PURPOSE: Implant surgical guides are often fabricated using CBCT technology. In this study, an alternative technique is proposed. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the guide sleeve corrections of a geometric approach to guided surgery to the accuracy of in vitro studies of stereolithographic guides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four arch forms were milled from acrylic blocks each with 12 root form sites. Root form inserts were made. Holes were milled in the inserts at arbitrary angles. Guide posts were placed in these sites. Guide sleeves were placed on the posts and connected with light-cured resin to form verification jigs. The goal was to correct the angles of the guide sleeves to a vertical position 90 degrees from the base of the arch forms. The initial angles from the vertical and horizontal positions of the center of each guide sleeve were determined radiographically and geometrically. Horizontal and angle corrections were made using two-piece guide posts. Guide sleeves placed over the corrected guide posts were connected with light-cured resin, forming new verification jigs. The accuracy of the angle correction and the coronal horizontal and apical horizontal deviations of the 3-mm guide sleeves were determined. The experimental sites were divided into two groups to determine if the size of the initial angles of the guide sleeves had any effect on the accuracy of the corrections. RESULTS: The initial angles of the guide sleeves before corrections revealed the mean difference between the two methods of measurements in groups 1 and 2 as 0.36 degrees (P = .14) and 0.69 degrees (P = .07), respectively. A comparison of the angle error measurements from 90 degrees after corrections between the two groups in the mesiodistal and buccolingual planes was not significant. The coronal and apical horizontal deviations after corrections revealed a significant difference between the two groups at the coronal level (P = .005) but not at the apical level (P = .14). In comparison of the methods of the two measurements of the angle error from vertical after corrections, the mean difference was 1.23 degrees (P = .01) and 0.69 degrees (P = .02). CONCLUSION: The in vitro accuracy of the guide sleeve corrections made with the geometric approach for implant guidance was compared to the results of the meta-analyses of in vitro studies of implant placement with stereolithographic guides. The mean errors were smaller and within the recommendations of the EAO Consensus Conference of 2012.

Economic impact of pharmaceutical interventions in a medium complexity Brazilian university hospital

Abstract Clinical pharmacists have been increasing their participation mainly through actions aimed at patient care, with international studies demonstrating favorable cost-benefit ratio from pharmacists interventions. However, there are few studies carried out in Brazil about the subject. This study aims to assess the economic impact of pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) in a hospital setting performed in October 2018. Each performed PI was registered and associated with the direct cost of drugs for economic impact analysis. A total of 185 PIs were evaluated, comprising 106 patients. The most intervened drugs were antibiotics, presenting the greatest economic impact, R$2,370. The total economic impact was R$2,578, mainly in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit that represented R$1,701. Regarding the economic impact by PI as the "Suspension of drug without indication" saved R$1,360 while the "Inclusion of required drugs" cost R$807. It was estimated that the savings would be R$30,936 and, if PIs were performed at day zero, the savings would be R$79,728 per year. An average of 1.75 PI per patient was performed with an economic impact of R$14 per PI. Our results showed that clinical pharmacist's role in the evaluation of pharmacotherapy is important for patients' health and represents a positive economic impact.

MALDI-TOF MS: An alternative approach for ribotyping Clostridioides difficile isolates in Brazil.

Clostridioides difficile is an important organism causing healthcare-associated infections. It has been documented that specific strains caused multiple outbreaks globally, and patients infected with those strains are more likely to develop severe C. difficile infection (CDI). With the appearance of a variant strain, BI/NAP1 ribotype 027, responsible for several outbreaks and high mortality rates worldwide, the epidemiology of the CDI changed drastically in the United States, Europe, and some Latin American countries. Although the epidemic strain 027 was not yet detected in Brazil, there are ribotypes exclusively found in the country, such as, 131, 132, 133, 135, 142 and 143, which are responsible for outbreaks in Brazilian hospitals and nursing homes. Although PCR-ribotyping is the most used method in epidemiology studies of C. difficile, it is not available in Brazil. This study aimed to develop and validate an in-house database for detecting C. difficile ribotypes, usually involved in CDI in Brazilian hospitals, by using MALDI-TOF MS. A database with 19 different ribotypes, 13 with worldwide circulation and 6 Brazilian-restricted, was created based on 27 spectra readings of each ribotype. After BioNumerics analysis, neighbor-joining trees revealed that spectra were distributed in clusters according to ribotypes, showing that MALDI-TOF MS could discriminate all 19 ribotypes. Moreover, each ribotype showed a different profile with 42 biomarkers detected in total. Based on their intensity and occurrence, 13 biomarkers were chosen to compose ribotype-specific profiles, and in silico analysis showed that most of these biomarkers were uncharacterized proteins or well-conserved peptides, such as ribosomal proteins. A double-blind assessment using the 13 biomarkers correctly assigned the ribotype in 73% of the spectra analyzed, with 94%-100% of correct hits for 027 and for Brazilian ribotypes. Although further analyses are required, our results show that MALDI-TOF MS might be a reliable, fast and feasible alternative for epidemiological surveillance of C. difficile in Brazil.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral partial rupture of the infraspinatus muscle in a racing greyhound.

Athletic dogs are more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the muscles or tendons surrounding the shoulder joint. In this report, we describe a case of partial bilateral rupture of the infraspinatus muscle, an unusual injury. Clinical signs included lameness of the left thoracic limb after training. On physical examination, there was discomfort on bilateral palpation in the infraspinatus fossa region. The main clinical suspicion was partial rupture or myositis of the infraspinatus muscle (IF). Ultrasound examination of the region revealed the presence of hypoechoic areas intermingling the muscle fibers in a deeper and distal region of the infraspinatus muscle, compatible with edema or bilateral intramuscular hematoma (left +++, right ++) and integrity of the fascia. The findings were characterized as a partial rupture of the musculature. A detailed physical examination associated with ultrasound examination is essential for early diagnosis and therapeutic management. Although no other reports of partial rupture of the IF have been found, partial or complete rupture of muscle fibers in sport dogs is frequent. Early diagnosis prevents the development of contractures due to the institution of therapy before the fibrous process is established and improves prognosis.

Os cães atléticos são mais suscetíveis a sofrer de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, especialmente nos músculos ou tendões ao redor da articulação do ombro. Neste relato, é descrito um caso de ruptura parcial bilateral do músculo infraespinhal, uma lesão incomum. Os sinais clínicos incluíram claudicação no membro torácico esquerdo após o treinamento de corrida. Ao exame físico, havia desconforto à palpação bilateral em região da fossa infraespinhal. A principal suspeita clínica foi ruptura parcial ou miosite do músculo infraespinhal (IF). O exame ultrassonográfico da região revelou a presença de áreas hipoecóicas mesclando as fibras musculares em região mais profunda e distal do músculo infraespinhal, compatível com edema ou hematoma intramuscular bilateral (esquerdo +++, direito ++) e integridade da fáscia. Os achados foram caracterizados como ruptura parcial da musculatura. O exame físico detalhado associado ao exame de ultrassom foi essencial para o diagnóstico precoce e o manejo terapêutico. Embora nenhum outro relato de ruptura parcial do IF tenha sido encontrado, rupturas parciais ou totais das fibras musculares em cães esportivos são frequentes. O diagnóstico precoce evita o desenvolvimento de contraturas devido à instituição da terapia antes do estabelecimento do processo fibroso e melhora o prognóstico.

Two innovative Brazilian programs relating to road safety prevention. A case study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 Global Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, was dedicated to promoting successful cases and best practices in fighting and preventing noncommunicable disease (NCDs). The global effort undertaken by WHO aims to reduce road traffic deaths in order to meet goal number 3.4 of the sustainable development goals. OBJECTIVES: To describe two Brazilian road safety prevention programs, presented at the WHO 2017 Global Conference: São Paulo Traffic Safety Movement (Movimento Paulista de Segurança no Trânsito) and Safe Life Program of Brasília (Programa Brasília Vida Segura), along with their governance structures, models and results. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a descriptive case study conducted in São Paulo and Brasilia from 2015 to 2018. These programs aimed to reduce the number of deaths caused by road accidents to 8.3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in São Paulo by 2020 and in Brasília by 2016; and to reduce harmful use of alcohol by 10% by 2020. METHODS: These two initiatives were designed, managed and operated to bring together government and civil society, i.e. industry, academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), etc., around the common goal of saving lives. They were collaborative and guided by sharing of best practices, learning and information, thereby making it possible to attain more and better results. Their format enables reproduction in cities across all Brazilian regions. RESULTS: The results attest to the efficacy of the programs implemented in these two cities. In Brasília, the initiative helped reduce the number of traffic-related deaths by 35% (2017). In the same year in the state of São Paulo, 7,600 deaths were avoided. CONCLUSION: Both programs are innovative public policies that deal with health issues caused by the external agents that ultimately account for the rapid increase in days lost to disability. Prevention of external causes of deaths and injuries, such as traffic violence, strongly correlates with changes in habits and actions, especially excessive consumption of alcohol, and with NCDs in Brazil.

Two innovative Brazilian programs relating to road safety prevention. A case study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 Global Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, was dedicated to promoting successful cases and best practices in fighting and preventing noncommunicable disease (NCDs). The global effort undertaken by WHO aims to reduce road traffic deaths in order to meet goal number 3.4 of the sustainable development goals. OBJECTIVES: To describe two Brazilian road safety prevention programs, presented at the WHO 2017 Global Conference: São Paulo Traffic Safety Movement (Movimento Paulista de Segurança no Trânsito) and Safe Life Program of Brasília (Programa Brasília Vida Segura), along with their governance structures, models and results. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a descriptive case study conducted in São Paulo and Brasilia from 2015 to 2018. These programs aimed to reduce the number of deaths caused by road accidents to 8.3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in São Paulo by 2020 and in Brasília by 2016; and to reduce harmful use of alcohol by 10% by 2020. METHODS: These two initiatives were designed, managed and operated to bring together government and civil society, i.e. industry, academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), etc., around the common goal of saving lives. They were collaborative and guided by sharing of best practices, learning and information, thereby making it possible to attain more and better results. Their format enables reproduction in cities across all Brazilian regions. RESULTS: The results attest to the efficacy of the programs implemented in these two cities. In Brasília, the initiative helped reduce the number of traffic-related deaths by 35% (2017). In the same year in the state of São Paulo, 7,600 deaths were avoided. CONCLUSION: Both programs are innovative public policies that deal with health issues caused by the external agents that ultimately account for the rapid increase in days lost to disability. Prevention of external causes of deaths and injuries, such as traffic violence, strongly correlates with changes in habits and actions, especially excessive consumption of alcohol, and with NCDs in Brazil.

Haste intramedular bloqueada em comparação com placa de compressão dinâmica na estabilização de osteotomia intertrocantérica varizante em cães: estudo ex vivo / Interlocking nail system in comparison with dynamic compression plate in the stabilization of intertrochanteric varus osteotomy in dogs: study in cadavers

Tendo em vista as vantagens das hastes intramedulares bloqueadas (HIB) em relação às placas ósseas na estabilização femoral, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a exequibilidade e eficácia da aplicação da HIB pós osteotomia intertrocantérica varizante (OIV). Submeteu-se 10 cadáveres caninos à OIV. Nos antímeros esquerdos obteve-se a estabilização por meio de HIB (grupo HIB) e, nos direitos, com placas de compressão dinâmica (grupo placa). Foram comparados os ângulos de Norberg e de inclinação da cabeça e colo femoral (ICF) antes (T0) e após (T1) a OIV. O tempo dispendido para a colocação dos implantes e resultados de resistência biomecânica à compressão e torção também foram confrontados entre os grupos. Houve aumento do ângulo de Norberg entre T0 (106,84®5,55o) e T1 (111,22o®3,89), apenas no grupo HIB (p<0,05). No entanto, redução do ângulo de ICF após OIV (T1) foi observada tanto no grupo placa (T0=127,6®4,70o e T1=110,06®10,61o, p<0,05) quanto no grupo HIB (T0=126,43®5,87o e T1=116,87®8,62o, p<0,05). Os tempos de colocação dos implantes não diferiram estatisticamente e apenas o teste biomecânico de compressão revelou diferença entre os grupos, com maior resistência (P=0,033) do grupo placa (863,3®74,46N/mm) em relação ao grupo HIB (586,7®44,10N/mm). Deste modo, a estabilização por meio de HIB foi factível e eficaz. Embora o resultado biomecânico de compressão tenha demonstrado maior fragilidade da HIB em relação à placa de compressão, seus valores estão acima das forças atuantes, reportadas na literatura, na deambulação normal de cão.(AU)

Considering the advantages of the interlocking intramedullary nail (IN) in relation to bone plates in the femoral stabilization, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of IN application post intertrochanteric varus osteotomy (IVO). For this purpose, 10 canines cadavers were used. On the left femurs, the fixation was obtained with IN (IN group) and rights fixed with dynamic compression plates and screws (plate group). Was compared the angles of Norberg and inclination of the head and femoral neck (IHF) before (T0) and after (T1) IVO. The results of time spent for placement of implants and biomechanical resistance to compression and torsion were also confronted between groups. There was an increase of the Norberg angle between T0 (106.84®5.55o) and T1 (111.22o®3.89), only in IN group (p<0.05). However, reduction of IHF angle after IVO (T1) was observed in both, the plate group (T0=127.6®4.70o e T1=110.06®10.61o, p<0.05) and IN group (T0=126.43®5.87o e T1=116.87® 8.62 o, p<0.05). The placement times of the implants did not differ statistically and only the compression biomechanical test revealed differences between groups, with greater resistance (P=0.033) of the plate group (863.3®74.46N/mm) compared to IN group (586.7®44.10N/mm). Thus, stabilization through IN was feasible and effective. Although the compression biomechanical results has demonstrated a higher fragility of IN in relation to the compression plate, their values are above the forces, reported in literature, acting in normal dog gait.(AU)

Influence of Drilling Speed on Stability of Tapered Dental Implants: An Ex Vivo Experimental Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the drilling speed used during implant site preparation influences primary stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty tapered designed implants (3.8 × 10 mm) were inserted following osteotomies created in solid rigid polyurethane foam (simulating bone type II) and cellular rigid polyurethane foam (simulating bone type IV). Half were prepared using drilling speeds of 800 rpm (low speed), and the other half were prepared using speeds of 1,500 rpm (high speed). Following insertion, implant primary stability was measured using Periotest and Osstell (resonance frequency analysis [RFA]) devices. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) used for this study found that the drilling speed used to create the osteotomies appeared to have no significant impact on primary stability. CONCLUSION: The bone quality and not the osteotomy drilling speed seems to influence the implant primary stability.

Resistance of bean genotypes to bean golden mosaic virus (VMDF) / Resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro ao vírus do mosaico dourado do feijoeiro (VMDF)

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a herbal annual plant, which belongs to Fabaceae family, it is grown by small and large farmers alike, in several production systems. It has much economic and social importance. However, the plant is a host to uncounTable fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among the viral pathologies there is one known as Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), currently spread to virtually every bean production region in Brazil and over the world, causing huge losses season after season. This research's aim was to evaluate the resistance degree presented by fifteen different bean genotypes as to symptomology shown due to infection by the virus on the plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 15 treatments and a witness, Carioca-Pérola cultivar, and compound by four repetitions. Each parcel was compound by four lines of 3,0 meters in length and 0,5m apart, accounting for a total of 60 parcels of 6,0m². The analyzed characteristics were: Emergency, incidence, severity, thousand-bean weight, productivity, and chlorophyll content in the leaves. For characteristic incidence, at both 28 and 38 DAS, the genotypes did not prove to be resistant to the disease. For severity the strains PL 38, from the breeding between IAPAR 57 and IAPAR 72, and 93, from the breeding between ESAL-589 e IAPAR 57, stood out with superior results. For a thousand-bean weight, the genotype UFU Roxo 12, IAPAR 57 X ESAL 589 - PL 48, followed for ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 148-1, UFU Preto 29, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93, IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 72 - PL 25, IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 65 - PL194, CARIOCA PÉROLA-WITNESS, UFU Carioca 14 and ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129 was the one that showed the best result. The highest productivity per hectare was from the genotype IAPAR57 x ESAL 589 ­ PL48 from carioca group. Concerning the parameter chlorophyll content at 28 DAS, the genotypes ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129, IAPAR 72 X ESAL 589 ­PL49, UFU Roxo 12, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 28, CARIOCA PÉROLA-Witness, UFU Carioca 14 showed less infected area and the highest chlorophyll content, and at 38 DAS there was no significant difference among the genotypes.

O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma planta anual que pertence à família Fabaceae, é cultivado por pequenos e grandes agricultores em diversos sistemas de produção no Brasil. Ele tem muita importância econômica e social. No entanto, a planta é um hospedeiro para muitas doenças fúngicas, bacterianas e virais. Entre as patologias virais tem-se vírus do mosaico dourado do feijoeiro (VMDF-BGMV), que atualmente se encontra em todas as regiões de produção de feijoeiro no Brasil e no mundo. A doença causa enormes prejuízos em todas estações de cultivo, notadamente no outono- inverno. Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de resistência apresentado por quinze diferentes genótipos de feijoeiro quanto à infecção (incidência be severidade) pelo vírus nas plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 15 tratamentos e uma testemunha, cultivar Carioca-Pérola, e composto por quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi composto por quatro linhas de 3,0 metros de comprimento e 0,5m de distância, correspondendo a um total de 60 parcelas de 6,0m². As características analisadas foram: emergência, incidência, severida de sintomas, peso de mil de mil grãos, produtividade e teor de clorofila nas folhas (índice SPAD). A incidência não se mostrou como variável inadequada para avaliar a resistência aos 28 e 38 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Para severidade a linhagem PL 38 se destacou e foi obtida apartir do cruzamento IAPAR 57 e IAPAR 72. Também apresentou menor severidade a linhagem 93, obtida do cruzamento entre ESAL-589 e IAPAR 57. Para peso de mil grãos, destacaram-se os genótipos UFU Roxo 12 (IAPAR 57 X ESAL 589 - PL 48), seguido por ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 148-1, UFU Preto 29 (ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93), IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 72 - PL 25, IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 65 - PL194, CARIOCA PÉROLA-testemunha, UFU Carioca 14 e ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129. A maior produtividade por hectare foi do genótipo IAPAR57 x ESAL 589 - PL48 do grupo carioca. Quanto ao índice SPAD (clorofila aos 28 DAS), os genótipos ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129, IAPAR 72 X ESAL 589 -PL49, UFU Roxo 12, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 28, CARIOCA PÉROLA, UFU Carioca 14 apresentaram maior teor de clorofila aos 38 DAS (maior média numérica), más não houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos pelo teste de Scott & Knott a 5 % de probabilidade.

Quantitative gingival crevicular fluid proteome in health and periodontal disease using stable isotope chemistries and mass spectrometry.

AIM: Application of quantitative stable isotope-labelling chemistries and mass spectrometry (MS) to determine alterations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteome in periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative proteome of GCF from 40 healthy individuals versus 40 patients with periodontal disease was established using 320 GCF samples and stable isotope-labelling reagents, ICAT and mTRAQ, with MS technology and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent methods. RESULTS: We have identified 238 distinct proteins of which 180 were quantified in GCF of both healthy and periodontal patients with additional 26 and 32 distinct proteins that were found only in GCF of healthy or periodontal patients. In addition, 42 pathogenic bacterial proteins and 11 yeast proteins were quantified. The data highlighted a series of proteins not quantified previously by large-scale MS approaches in GCF with relevance to periodontal disease, such as host-derived Ig alpha-2 chain C, Kallikrein-4, S100-A9, transmembrane proteinase 13, peptidase S1 domain, several collagen types and pathogenic bacterial proteins, e.g. formamidase, leucine aminopeptidase and virulence factor OMP85. CONCLUSIONS: The innovative analytical approaches provided detailed novel changes in both host and microbial derived GCF proteomes of periodontal patients. The study defined 50 host and 16 pathogenic bacterial proteins significantly elevated in periodontal disease most of which were novel with significant potential for application in the clinical arena of periodontal disease.

Development and dry mass accumulation in callalily at the initial cultivation stage / Desenvolvimento e acúmulo de massa seca em copo-de-leite em fase inicial de cultivo

The cultivation of the calla lily, despite its importance in the floriculture sector, is still limited due to the lack of knowledge of basic production techniques such as development and dry mass accumulation. These techniques facilitate more appropriate management, especially regarding the application of fertilizers, providing better nutrients utilization and greater yields. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the growth and development of calla lily plants, establishing growth curves according to dry mass accumulation. Acclimatized and micropropagated calla lily plantlets were grown in plastic pots containing coconut fiber as a substrate and fertilized with a modified formula of Malavolta. Treatments consisted of assessments at intervals of 30 days for 7 months. The design was in randomized blocks with four replications, in a total of 28 plots. Plants were evaluated by observing their growth characteristics and development of shoots, rhizome, roots, as well as production and flower quality. Development of the plants increased throughout the experimental period, with the maximum dry mass accumulation occurring at the end of the experimental period. Blooming was constant with the length of flower stalks increasing with along with the age of the plant.

O cultivo de Zantedeschia aethiopica, apesar de sua importância no segmento da floricultura, ainda é limitado pelo reduzido conhecimento em técnicas básicas de produção, como o desenvolvimento e acúmulo de massa seca. Essas informações permitem um manejo mais adequado, sobretudo referente à aplicação de fertilizantes, proporcionando melhor aproveitamento de nutrientes e maiores produções. Dessa forma, neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de copo-de-leite, estabelecendo curvas de crescimento, considerando o acúmulo de massa seca. Para tanto, mudas micropropagadas e aclimatizadas de copo-de-leite foram cultivadas em vasos plásticos contendo como substrato fibra de coco e adubadas com a formulação modificada de Malavolta. Foram realizadas avaliações com intervalos de 30 dias, durante 7 meses, nos quais consistiram os tratamentos. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições, totalizando 28 parcelas. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto às características de crescimento e desenvolvimento da parte aérea, rizoma, raízes, além de produção e qualidade das inflorescências. O desenvolvimento das plantas de copo-de-leite foi crescente ao longo do período experimental, sendo que o máximo acúmulo de massa seca total ocorreu ao final do período analisado. O florescimento foi constante com aumento do comprimento das hastes florais proporcional à idade das plantas.

Crescimento e produção de grãos da soja sob diferentes doses e fontes de fósforo em solos distintos / Soybean growth and yield under different doses and sources of phosphorus on distinct soils

A fertilidade dos solos das regiões tropicais é limitada pela baixa disponibilidade de fósforo e pela indisponibilização de boa parte do mesmo fornecido na adubação. Ainda existem muitas divergências sobre a melhor forma de utilização das diversas fontes fosfatadas disponíveis no Brasil. Objetivou-se, neste experimento, avaliar a produção de soja, sob a aplicação de diferentes doses e adubos fosfatados em dois tipos de solo. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade de Lavras, em vasos de 3 dm³. Utilizaram-se dois solos sob cerrado: Neossolo Quartzarênico e Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico. Foram testadas oito fontes (superfosfato triplo-ST, termofosfato magnesiano-TF, quatro fosfatos reativos importados: FR1, FR2, FR3 e FR4 e dois fosfatos naturais nacionais- FN1 e FN2) e quatro doses (0, 100, 300 e 600 mg dm-3) de fósforo, utilizando-se a soja como planta-teste. As fontes de solubilidade mais elevada ocasionaram as maiores produções e índices de eficiência em relação aos fosfatos naturais. Os fosfatos naturais importados e o FN2 apresentaram-se mais promissores em fornecer P para a cultura da soja, em relação ao superfosfato triplo, mesmo no primeiro cultivo, principalmente em solo com maior poder tampão de fósforo. A capacidade tampão de fósforo dos solos influenciou a eficiência das fontes de fósforo na cultura da soja.

The fertility of soils in tropical areas is limited by the low availability of phosphorus as well as by the unavailability of a great proportion of phosphorus supplied with fertilization. There are still some divergences about the best way of using the different sources of phosphorus available in Brazil. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the soybean production as a result of the application of different phosphorous doses and fertilizers on two types of soils. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, in vases of 3 dm³ using two kinds of soils: Dystroferric Red Latosol and Quartzarenic Neosols. Eight sources (triple superphosphate-TF, four foreign reactive rock phosphate: FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4 and two national rock phosphate FN1 and FN2) and four doses (0, 100, 300, and 600 mg dm-3) were applied. Soybeans were used as test plant. Sources with higher solubility showed the highest production and efficiency than natural phosphate. The natural phosphate imported from other countries and FN2 showed good results in supplying P for the soybeans, when compared to the triple superphosphate, even at the first year of culture, mainly on the soil with higher P buffer power. The phosphorus buffer capacity of the soils affected the efficiency of phosphorus sources on the soybean culture.

Fontes, doses e modos de aplicação de fósforo na interação fósforo-zinco em milho / Sources, dosages and manners of phosphorous application on phosphorous-zinc interaction in corn

No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a interação P-Zn no milho durante dois cultivos sucessivos, num Argissolo Vermelho típico , textura argilosa, na região do Cerrado. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial 3x2x2+1, envolvendo três doses de P2O5 (180, 360 e 540 kg ha-1), duas fontes (superfosfato triplo - ST e fosfato natural reativo de Arad - FR), duas formas de aplicação (a lanço em área total e no sulco de plantio) e uma testemunha (sem P) como tratamento adicional. Determinaram-se o peso de matéria seca da parte aérea e de grãos, teores de P, Zn e relação P-Zn nas folhas e nos grãos. Os teores de Zn diminuíram com aplicação de ST no sulco, alcançando valores tidos como deficientes, no primeiro cultivo, sem contudo, afetar a produtividade do milho. Os teores de P, Zn e relação P-Zn nos grãos apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões adequados para o milho. A interação P-Zn nos tratamentos com ST no sulco de semeadura, talvez pela adubação prévia com Zn, não foi suficiente para afetar o rendimento de grãos do milho.

In the present work, the objective was to evaluate the interaction of P-Zn in corn during two successive cultivations, in a typical Red Argisol, loamy texture, in the area of the Savannah. The experimental layout was the one randomized blocks with four replications, in a 3x2x2+1factorial outline, involving three doses of P2O5 (180, 360 and 540 kg ha-1), two sources (triple superphosphate - ST and Arad phosphate rock - FR), two application manners (casting on the total area and in the planting furrow, both in the first year) and a control (without P) as an additional treatment. One determined the dry matter weight of the aerial part and of grains, levels of P, Zn and the relationship of P/Zn in the leaves and in the grains. The tenors of Zn were decreased with application of ST in the seed furrow, reaching values said as deficient, in the first cultivation, without affecting, however, the corn produtivety. The tenors of P, Zn and P/Zn relationship in the grains presented themselves within the normal standard for corn. The interaction P-Zn at treatments with ST in the planting furrow, maybe due to previous manuring of Zn, was not sufficient to affect the yield grain of the corn.

Definindo a arena política local: sistemas partidários municipais na federação brasileira / Defining the local political arena: municipal party systems in the brazilian federation / Une définition de l'arène politique locale: systèmes de partis municipaux dans la fédération brésilienne

This article analyzes the Brazilian political system from the local perspective. Following Cox (1997), we review the problems with electoral coordination that emerge from a given institutional framework. Due to the characteristics of the Brazilian Federal system and its electoral rules, linkage between the three levels of government is not guaranteed a priori, but demands a coordinating effort by the parties' leadership. According to our hypothesis, the parties are capable of coordinating their election strategies at different levels in the party system. Regression models based on two-stage least squares (2SLS) and TOBIT, analyzing a panel of Brazilian municipalities with data from the 1994 and 2000 elections, show that the proportion of votes received by a party in a given election correlates closely with its previous votes in majoritarian elections. Despite institutional incentives, the Brazilian party system shows evidence that it is organized nationally to the extent that it links the competition for votes at the three levels of government (National, State, and Municipal).

Dans cet article, on examine le système politique du point de vue local. Selon l'exemple de Cox (1997), on considère les problèmes de coordination électorale qui surgissent à partir d'un cadre institutionnel donné. Compte tenu des caractéristiques de la fédération brésilienne et de ses règles électorales, l'articulation entre les trois sphères du gouvernement n'est pas assurée et demande un effort de coordination de la part des leaders des partis. On part de l'hypothèse que les partis sont capables de coordonner leurs stratégies électorales à divers niveaux du système. Les estimations des modèles de régression à deux stades (2SLS) et par TOBIT, prenant pour base un panel de municipalités brésiliennes comprenant les données des élections de 1994 et 2000, montrent que la proportion des votes reçus par un parti lors d'une élection est étroitement liée aux votes reçus précédemment aux élections majoritaires. Malgré les aides institutionnelles, le système brésilien de partis semble organisé nationalement dans la mesure où il articule la compétition électorale aux trois niveaux de gouvernement.

Pesquisas de vitimização e gestão da segurança pública / Victimization surveys and public security management

Este artigo analisa como as pesquisas de vitimização podem contribuir para o aumento da eficiência e da eficácia das intervenções públicas, com vistas à redução do crime. Em particular, avalia de que forma esses levantamentos podem complementar os demais sistemas de informações sobre a segurança pública e discute os aspectos metodológicos, que têm efeito sobre as estimativas do número de vítimas e das taxas de recurso à polícia.

Estudio multicéntrico sobre actitudes y normas culturales frente a la violencia (proyecto ACTIVA): metodología / Multicenter study: cultural norms and attitudes toward violence (ACTIVA project): methodology

El propósito de este artículo es describir las bases conceptuales y los métodos empleados en el estudio multicéntrico ACTIVA, así como el proceso que se cumplió en las diferentes etapas de la investigación. Se brinda información general sobre el enfoque, diseño y métodos que se aplicaron en las ciudades que participaron en el estudio: San Salvador, El Salvador; San José, Costa Rica; Cali, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela; Salvador de Bahía y Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Santiago, Chile y Madrid, España. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1) analizar y comparar entre ciudades la prevalencia de conductas agresivas verbales y físicas hacia los niños, la pareja y personas que no son miembros de la familia; y 2) identificar factores personales, ambientales y socioeconómicos asociados con estas conductas violentas. El propósito del proyecto ACTIVA fue generar información que ayudara a orientar políticas y programas para la prevención de la violencia en las ciudades y brindar criterios para la toma de decisiones, así como recabar información que sirviera de base para evaluar políticas y programas de prevención. Para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos se procedió a elaborar y validar un cuestionario común, que se aplicó, mediante el método de entrevista cara-cara, a los residentes de hogares particulares urbanos entre los 18 y 70 años de edad. La muestra fue seleccionada en cada ciudad mediante un muestreo multietápico, estratificado y por conglomerados y proporcionada según los estratos socioeconómicos y la densidad de la población y sin reemplazo o sustitución. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 10,821 personas. En general, los porcentajes de respuesta se encontraron comprendidos entre los límites establecidos, salvo algunas excepciones. En San José, Rio de Janeiro y Madrid el tamaño de la muestra final fue ligeramente menor del esperado. Se registraron mayores rechazos en varones jóvenes adultos de los estratos altos, por lo cual en las muestras se observó una sobrerrepresentación de mujeres con predominio de los estratos medio y bajo. Se indica que con el método propuesto es posible analizar la asociación entre las conductas violentas y diferentes factores de riesgo y atributos a nivel individual en un momento particular en el tiempo. Sin embargo, se advierte que este diseño tiene limitaciones a la hora de establecer relaciones causales y que no permitió evaluar el contexto en que se manifiesta y desarrolla la violencia en cada situación particular

The purpose of this article is to describe the conceptual bases and methods used in the ACTIVA multicenter study, as well as the process employed in the different stages of the research. General information is given on the approach, design, and methods that were applied in the cities that participated in the study: San Salvador, El Salvador; San José, Costa Rica; Cali, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela; Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; and Madrid, Spain. The objectives of the study were to: (1) analyze and compare among cities the prevalence of verbal and physical aggressive behaviors toward children, the spouse or other partner, and persons outside the family; and (2) identify personal, environmental, and socioeconomic factors associated with these violent behaviors. The purpose of the ACTIVA project was to generate information to help guide violence-prevention policies and programs in the cities and to provide criteria for decision-making, as well as to obtain baseline data to use in evaluating prevention policies and programs. To achieve the proposed objectives, a single, common questionnaire was prepared and validated. The questionnaire was used in face-to-face interviews with residents of private urban homes who were between 18 and 70 years old. The sample was selected in each city through stratified multistage sampling of clusters proportionate to the socioeconomic strata of the general population and without any substitutions. The final sample consisted of 10 821 people. In general, the response rates were within the established limits. Exceptions included San José, Rio de Janeiro, and Madrid, where the size of the final sample was slightly smaller than anticipated. More young men of higher socioeconomic strata declined to participate, so that the samples had an overrepresentation of women from medium and lower strata. The article concludes with a description of the scope and limitations of the study, in terms of both the approach and methods. With their comparative analyses, studies of this type can contribute to identifying the differences and similarities between cities. The article shows that with this method it is possible to analyze how violent behaviors are associated with different risk factors and individuals' characteristics, at a point in time. However, this design is limited in terms of establishing causal relationships, and it did not allow an evaluation of the context of every specific instance of violence.

Estudio multicéntrico sobre actitudes y normas culturales frente a la violencia (proyecto ACTIVA) : metodología / Multicenter study : cultural norms and attitudes toward violence (ACTIVA project): methodology

El propósito de este artículo es describir las bases conceptuales y los métodos empleados en el estudio multicéntrico ACTIVA, así como el proceso que se cumplió en las diferentes etapas de la investigación. Se brinda información general sobre el enfoque, diseño y métodos que se aplicaron en las ciudades que participaron en el estudio: San Salvador, El Salvador; San José, Costa Rica; Cali, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela; Salvador de Bahía y Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Santiago, Chile y Madrid, España. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1) analizar y comparar entre ciudades la prevalencia de conductas agresivas verbales y físicas hacia los niños, la pareja y personas que no son miembros de la familia; y 2) identificar factores personales, ambientales y socioeconómicos asociados con estas conductas violentas. El propósito del proyecto ACTIVA fue generar información que ayudara a orientar políticas y programas para la prevención de la violencia en las ciudades y brindar criterios para la toma de decisiones, así como recabar información que sirviera de base para evaluar políticas y programas de prevención. Para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos se procedió a elaborar y validar un cuestionario común, que se aplicó, mediante el método de entrevista cara-cara, a los residentes de hogares particulares urbanos entre los 18 y 70 años de edad. La muestra fue seleccionada en cada ciudad mediante un muestreo multietápico, estratificado y por conglomerados y proporcionada según los estratos socioeconómicos y la densidad de la población y sin reemplazo o sustitución. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 10,821 personas. En general, los porcentajes de respuesta se encontraron comprendidos entre los límites establecidos, salvo algunas excepciones. En San José, Rio de Janeiro y Madrid el tamaño de la muestra final fue ligeramente menor del esperado. Se registraron mayores rechazos en varones jóvenes adultos de los estratos altos, por lo cual en las muestras se observó una sobrerrepresentación de mujeres con predominio de los estratos medio y bajo. Se indica que con el método propuesto es posible analizar la asociación entre las conductas violentas y diferentes factores de riesgo y atributos a nivel individual en un momento particular en el tiempo. Sin embargo, se advierte que este diseño tiene limitaciones a la hora de establecer relaciones causales y que no permitió evaluar el contexto en que se manifiesta y desarrolla la violencia en cada situación particular